航天扩频测控系统中伪码捕获方法研究

 针对航天扩频测控系统的捕获需求,提出一种能够降低谱峰衰减且具有较高频率估计精度的FFT伪码捕获方法.在部分匹配滤波过程中采用汉宁窗对数据加权后再累加,以减小谱峰衰减.采用插值FFT估计多普勒频率,以提高频率估计精度,根据不同测控环境下伪码捕获的特点,分析比较了抛物线插值法和改进的Rife法两种插值算法.理论分析和仿真结果表明,改进方法能够减小FFT输出的峰值衰减,提高多普勒频率估计精度.     

一种利用压缩感知改进的PMF-FFT扩频捕获算法

为了实现直接序列扩频（DSSS）信号快速捕获的同时降低数据量和硬件资源消耗,引入了压缩感知理论改进部分匹配滤波-快速傅里叶变换（PMF-FFT）算法,提出了基于压缩感知改进的部分匹配滤波-快速傅里叶变换（CSPMF-FFT）算法。该算法将PMF-FFT算法与压缩感知理论相结合,先对信号进行稀疏性分析和压缩观测,然后从少量压缩观测值中重构信号,并利用输出的峰值信息估算信号的多普勒频移和码相位,从而实现捕获。理论分析和仿真实验表明,相较于PMF-FFT捕获算法,CSPMF-FFT算法能在成功完成捕获的同时有效地减少相关器的数目和FFT变换的运算量,从而降低系统数据量和硬件资源压力,为基于压缩感知的扩频信号处理技术研究奠定了基础。     

基于PMF-FFT的高精度伪码捕获算法

针对低信噪比、高动态环境下传统的伪码捕获算法捕获概率较低的问题,提出一种高精度的时频联合两轮频偏校正捕获算法.算法以两级PMF-FFT(Partial Match Filter-Fast Fourier Transform)捕获单元为模型,在不增加FFT点数的前提下对第一级增加差分相干累积模块提高信噪比,并运用时频联合频偏估计分别对信号进行两轮频偏校正,第二级输入经加窗处理,同时适当增加PMF长度,进一步提高捕获精度.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法与传统的PMF-FFT算法相比,有效地提高了多普勒频偏估计精度,且系统在低信噪比、高动态条件下捕获概率得到提升,具有良好的捕获性能.     

高动态弱直扩信号的分级捕获算法

针对低信噪比高动态环境下直扩信号经典捕获算法中多普勒频偏估计精度和快速傅里叶变换(FFT)运算量的矛盾,提出了一种基于频偏补偿的两级非相干累加捕获算法。该算法以部分匹配滤波器结合快速傅里叶变换(PMF-FFT)算法为单元,首先利用第一级频偏粗估值对多普勒频偏进行补偿,然后通过调整第二级PMF-FFT中部分匹配滤波器长度并利用滑动平均窗对残余频偏进行精估。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与经典捕获算法相比,该算法在FFT运算点数相同的条件下,可以有效地提高多普勒频偏估计精度,并且在高动态环境下具有更好的检测性能。     

通信系统中抗干扰和并行捕获模块的融合设计

讨论了通过FFT融合实现频域抗干扰和载波多普勒频偏快速捕获的高效数字化方案,分析了融合设计需要解决的采样率、FFT点数、分时复用等关键技术问题,给出了一种可应用于低轨扩频通信系统的高效实现频域抗干扰和PMF-FFT并行捕获的接收机结构,节省了星上接收机等处理资源。     

基于PMF-FFT的高动态长伪码捕获实现

针对突发扩频通信系统中高动态条件下长码捕获实现困难的问题,提出了一种基于部分匹配滤波器结合快速傅里叶变换(PMF-FFT)的捕获方法。介绍了PMF-FFT捕获算法的原理和基于PMF-FFT的捕获过程,给出了包括FPGA芯片选型和板级设计在内的硬件平台设计。详细给出了算法的FPGA实现,重点对匹配滤波器和并行FFT模块的算法优化、工作原理、参数选择以及具体的程序设计进行了说明。Matlab仿真结果表明,基于PMF-FFT的捕获方法在高动态条件下能够实现长码的高概率捕获,最后在硬件平台上进行了FPGA程序捕获性能的测试验证,测试结果与仿真结果基本一致。     

一种改进的PMF—FFT短码捕获方法

提出了一种改进的PMF-FFT短码快速捕获方法.该方法将大规模并行相关器与PMF-FFT捕获结构结合起来,利用大规模并行相关器实现接收信号与本地码的分段匹配相关,将部分相关结果进行FFT运算实现对信号载波频偏的搜索,大大提高了PMF-FFT的捕获速度.Matlab仿真结果表明,该方法可以在低的信噪比之下实现对GPS短码的快速捕获.捕获电路的设计基于流水线,资源复用等硬件设计思想,利用较少FPGA资源,在一片FPGA内实现了对短扩频码的实时的快速捕获.     

基于PMF-FFT改进的捕获方法

在北斗或GPS定位系统中,噪声环境下的快速捕获是信号处理的重要环节。提出了一种基于PMF-FFT改进算法的信号同步捕获方法,可以在硬件资源有限的情况下提高多普勒频偏估计精度,并在不增加FFT点数的条件下减少相关增益存在的损失,该改进算法综合考虑了捕获时间和硬件资源的消耗占比,优化了算法结构。对仿真结果做了分析,结果表明能够有效增加捕获概率,减少捕获时间。     

高动态直扩信号快捕设计与FPGA实现

为了解决高动态直扩信号捕获速度与资源消耗的矛盾,分析了部分匹配滤波结合快速傅里叶变换(PMF-FFT)的捕获性能。针对PMF-FFT捕获范围有限且占用硬件资源过多的问题,采用递归折叠匹配滤波器代替常规匹配滤波器的方法大大节省了硬件资源,并行FFT保证了其捕获速度,同时采用扫频方法成倍增加了频偏捕获范围。给出了该方法的FPGA设计结构与实现结果,验证了该方法的有效性。与FFT循环卷积方法相比,在频偏捕获范围一定的前提下,所提方法捕获速度快,占用资源较少,非常适合高动态直扩信号的快速捕获。     

高动态环境下高阶双二进制偏移载波信号的精确捕获

针对高动态环境下双二进制偏移载波(DBOC)调制信号无法精确捕获的问题,该文提出一种基于部分匹配滤波结合快速傅里叶变换(PMF-FFT)的捕获方法。又针对捕获过程中相关损失和扇贝损失引起的检测性能降低问题,提出一种改进的捕获方法。该方法首先利用离散多项式相位变换(DPT)去除接收信号的高阶动态项,然后针对DBOC信号重新设计PMF-FFT算法;最后利用频谱校正法对FFT后的功率谱最大值进行校正。仿真结果表明,在同一条件下,该方法将检测概率提高了2 dB左右,并且有效缩短了捕获时间。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.