二甲基硅油 C-Si 伸缩振动模式红外光谱研究

在303~393 K温度范围内,采用变温傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱技术(ATR-FTIR)研究了二甲基硅油的一维红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱、四阶导数红外光谱和去卷积红外光谱。实验发现,在1800~600 cm~(-1)范围内,二甲基硅油主要存在CH_3伸缩振动模式(νCH_3)、CH_3变形振动模式(δCH_3)、CH_3摇摆振动模式(ρCH_3)、Si-O伸缩振动模式(νSi-O)和Si-C伸缩振动式(νSi-C)等5种红外吸收模式,其中782 cm~(-1)和789 cm~(-1)处的红外吸收峰归属于二甲基硅油νSi-C。以二甲基硅油νSi-C为研究对象,进一步开展相关二维红外光谱的研究。结果发现,随着测定温度的升高,二甲基硅油νSi-C红外吸收强度的变化快慢顺序为:789 cm~(-1)782 cm~(-1)。本项研究拓展了ATR-FTIR技术在二甲基硅油热变性方面的研究范围。     

硅橡胶结构及热稳定性研究

采用中红外光谱(包括一维MIR光谱和二阶导数MIR光谱)开展了硅橡胶的结构研究。实验发现:硅橡胶主要存在CH3不对称伸缩振动模式、CH3对称伸缩振动模式、CH3变形振动模式、CH3摇摆振动模式、Si-O伸缩振动模式和Si-C伸缩振动模式等。在303～523 K的温度范围内,采用变温红外光谱进一步开展了硅橡胶热稳定性研究,实验发现:随着测定温度的升高,硅橡胶主要官能团对应的吸收频率及强度都有显著的改变。本文拓展了MIR及TD-MIR光谱在硅橡胶结构及热稳定性方面的研究范围。     

硅氧树脂 Si-O 键伸缩振动模式ATR红外光谱研究

在303~393 K 温度范围内,采用变温傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)技术分别测定硅氧树脂的一维红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱和四阶导数红外光谱。研究发现,在1800~600 cm-1范围内,聚硅氧树脂主要存在着 CH 3伸缩振动模式(νCH3)、CH 3变形振动模式(δCH3)、CH 3摇摆振动模式(ρCH3)、Si-O 伸缩振动模式(νSi-O )和 Si-C 伸缩振动模式(νSi-C )。在1100~1000 cm-1范围内,以νSi-O 为研究对象,研究了温度对硅氧树脂分子结构的影响。实验发现,随着测定温度的升高,硅氧树脂νSi-O 的主要红外吸收频率出现了明显的红移现象。进一步研究了硅氧树脂νSi-O 的二维红外光谱,考查温度对于νSi-O 红外吸收强度的影响。研究发现,随着测定温度的升高,硅氧树脂νSi-O 红外吸收强度的变化快慢顺序为：1024 cm-1>1096 cm-1>1010 cm-1>1076 cm-1>1083 cm-1>1064 cm-1。本研究拓展了 ATR-FTIR 技术在硅氧树脂材料热变性方面的研究范围。     

聚丙烯C—H 弯曲振动二维红外光谱研究

目的通过二维红外光谱技术研究温度对聚丙烯化学结构的影响。方法在1500~1350 cm-1的频率范围内,分别测定聚丙烯C—H弯曲振动模式(δC-H)的一维红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱和四阶导数红外光谱来确定聚丙烯分子结构,后采用二维红外光谱研究温度对聚丙烯δC-H红外吸收强度的影响。结果聚丙烯δC-H主要包括甲基不对称碳氢弯曲振动模式(δas CH3)、甲基对称碳氢弯曲振动模式(δs CH3)和亚甲基碳氢弯曲振动模式(δCH2),随着测定温度的升高,聚丙烯分子中δC-H红外吸收强度变化快慢顺序为δCH2-2(1464 cm-1)δCH2-1(1475 cm-1)δas CH3(1455 cm-1)δs CH3(1375 cm-1)。结论二维红外光谱在有机高分子包装材料热变性分析具有重大作用。     

聚四氟乙烯F-C-F伸缩振动二维红外光谱研究

在303~393K的温度范围内,测定聚四氟乙烯F-C-F伸缩振动模式(νCF2)的一维红外光谱。研究发现:1220cm-1的红外吸收峰归属于聚四氟乙烯F-C-F不对称伸缩振动模式(νasCF2),而1150cm-1的红外吸收峰则归属于聚四氟乙烯F-C-F对称伸缩振动模式(νsCF2)。进一步研究了聚四氟乙烯νCF2的二阶导数红外光谱、四阶导数红外光谱,发现聚四氟乙烯νasCF2在1210cm-1和1260cm-1处裂分为双峰;而聚四氟乙烯νsCF2则在1145cm-1、1155cm-1和1175cm-1裂分为3个吸收峰。最后研究了聚四氟乙烯二维红外光谱,考察了温度对于聚四氟乙烯νCF2吸收强度变化的影响。研究发现:随着测定温度的升高,聚四氟乙烯νCF2红外吸收强度变化快慢的顺序为:1145cm-1>1210cm-1>1155cm-1>1175cm-1>1260cm-1。本项研究拓展了二维红外光谱在聚四氟乙烯热变性方面的研究范围。     

聚四氟乙烯F-C-F伸缩振动二维红外光谱研究

在303~393K的温度范围内,测定聚四氟乙烯F-C-F伸缩振动模式(νCF2)的一维红外光谱。研究发现:1220cm-1的红外吸收峰归属于聚四氟乙烯F-C-F不对称伸缩振动模式(νasCF2),而1150cm-1的红外吸收峰则归属于聚四氟乙烯F-C-F对称伸缩振动模式(νsCF2)。进一步研究了聚四氟乙烯νCF2的二阶导数红外光谱、四阶导数红外光谱,发现聚四氟乙烯νasCF2在1210cm-1和1260cm-1处裂分为双峰;而聚四氟乙烯νsCF2则在1145cm-1、1155cm-1和1175cm-1裂分为3个吸收峰。最后研究了聚四氟乙烯二维红外光谱,考察了温度对于聚四氟乙烯νCF2吸收强度变化的影响。研究发现:随着测定温度的升高,聚四氟乙烯νCF2红外吸收强度变化快慢的顺序为:1145cm-1>1210cm-1>1155cm-1>1175cm-1>1260cm-1。本项研究拓展了二维红外光谱在聚四氟乙烯热变性方面的研究范围。     

硫酸铜分子结构及热变性的红外光谱

采用中红外(MIR)光谱技术开展了硫酸铜分子结构的研究.试验发现:在303 K的温度条件下,硫酸铜分子的红外吸收模式主要包括:νOH、δH2O、νasSO4、νsSO4和δasSO4.采用变温中红外(TD-MIR)光谱,开展了硫酸铜热变性的研究.试验发现:在303～573 K的温度范围内,随着测定温度的升高,硫酸铜分子...     

二甲基硅油结构及热稳定性

采用红外(IR)光谱开展了二甲基硅油的结构研究。实验发现:二甲基硅油主要存在着νasCH3-二甲基硅油、νsCH3-二甲基硅油、δCH3-二甲基硅油、νSi-O-二甲基硅油、ρCH3-二甲基硅油和νSi-C-二甲基硅油等六种红外吸收模式。采用变温红外(TD-IR)光谱进一步开展了二甲基硅油的热稳定性研究。实验发现:在303~523 K温度范围内,随着测定温度的升高,二甲基硅油主要官能团对应的吸收频率及强度均有明显的改变,并进一步研究了其热变机理。     

基于中红外光谱分析技术的凯夫拉纤维分子特性与热稳定性研究

采用中红外(MIR)光谱开展了凯夫拉纤维的分子结构研究.实验发现:凯夫拉纤维分子的红外吸收模式主要包括:νNH-凯夫拉纤维、νamide-Ⅰ-凯夫拉纤维、νamide-Ⅱ-凯夫拉纤维、νC=C-凯夫拉纤维、βC-H-凯夫拉纤维和 γC-H-凯夫拉纤维.进一步开展了凯夫拉纤维分子的四阶导数变温中红外(TD-MIR)光谱研...     

石蜡红外及变温红外光谱研究

采用红外光谱(IR光谱)技术开展了石蜡的结构研究。实验发现:石蜡主要存在着ν_(asCH3-石蜡)、ν_(asCH2-石蜡)、ν_(sCH3-石蜡)、ν_(sCH2-石蜡)、δ_(CH2-石蜡)、δ_(asCH3-石蜡)、δ_(sCH3-石蜡)和ρ_(CH2-石蜡)等红外吸收模式。采用变温红外光谱(TD-IR光谱)进一步开展了石蜡的热稳定性研究。实验发现:在303～393K的短时间加热过程中,石蜡的吸收波数及强度都没有明显改变。本项研究显示出IR光谱和TD-IR光谱在重要的精细化工产品(石蜡)结构及热稳定性研究中的重大作用。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.