薄壁铜管固定芯头拉拔和游动芯头拉拔的对比分析

为提高薄壁铜管拉拔后的成形质量,探讨不同拉拔工艺对薄壁铜管成形性能的影响,利用有限元软件MARC分别对两种拉拔成形工艺建立有限元模型,对比分析薄壁铜管固定芯头拉拔和游动芯头拉拔对拉拔力、铜管拉拔后等效应力、应变和残余应力的影响。结果表明:在相同工艺参数下,与固定芯头拉拔相比,游动芯头拉拔所需拉拔力明显更小,等效应力也相对更小,等效应变相等,残余应力在轴向和周向更小,且分布更均匀,在径向都趋近于0。在不考虑其他因素下,游动芯头拉拔更有助于提高薄壁铜管的产品质量。     

铜管游动芯头拉拔模具角度优化的有限元模拟

采用二维轴对称弹塑性有限元法对比分析了不同外模模角和游动芯头锥角的配合对拉拔铜管的影响。模拟结果表明,最优外模模角和芯头锥角配合与拉拔应力、摩擦力和芯头稳定位置等因素有关,外模模角、芯头锥角以及两者之间的角度差过大或过小都对铜管的质量不利,这对于精密铜管游动芯头拉拔模具角度的选择,有着一定的参考价值。     

工艺参数对薄壁铜管游动芯头振动拉拔过程拉拔力影响分析

在金属塑性成形中加入振动,可以有效降低材料变形抗力并提高产品质量。以薄壁铜管游动芯头拉拔为研究对象,分析了振动对铜管拉拔过程中拉拔力的影响,并通过有限元分析软件MARC,对不同的工艺参数(拉拔速度、外模模角和芯头锥角)进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:针对本模型,存在一个最佳外模半锥角和芯头锥角组合(外模半锥角α为12°,芯头锥角β为9°),使得薄壁铜管游动芯头振动拉拔过程中的拉拔力最小,而拉拔速度对拉拔力的影响较小。     

游动芯头拉拔模具受力和温度分布的数值模拟

本文采用非线性有限元软件对铜管游动芯头拉拔工艺进行了数值模拟和分析研究,得出了铜管与模具接触面的法向力和摩擦力的分布规律;拉拔过程中的温度分布;从而推断出游动芯头发生粘铜和局部崩裂的主要原因.     

薄壁铜管游动芯头拉拔过程拉拔力影响因素分析

为准确把握薄壁铜管游动芯头拉拔过程的拉拔力,该文应用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了薄壁铜管游动芯头拉拔过程的弹塑性有限元模型,分析了内外模具锥角、游动芯头定径段长度、延伸率、摩擦因素以及拉拔速度等工艺参数对薄壁铜管拉拔过程中拉拔力的影响规律。研究表明,芯头或外模的锥角存在一个最佳组合范围,芯头定径段长度和拉拔速度对拉拔力的影响作用非常小,延伸率和摩擦系数的增加将引起拉拔力的明显增加。研究结果为实际生产中的工艺改进提供了科学依据。     

超薄超细智能手机热管拉拔工艺及组织性能演变北大核心CSCD

在液压直拉机上采用游动芯头拉拔成形智能手机用超薄超细无氧铜热管,研究了拉拔工艺对拉拔过程断管的影响,观察各道次铜管晶粒组织演变和拉拔过程中的力学性能和导电性能变化。结果表明:无氧铜管经游动芯头多道次拉拔,晶粒不断趋于沿拉拔方向的纤维状,同时抗拉强度和维氏硬度不断提升,而拉拔变形对导电率的影响比较小。当无氧铜管累计变形量达75.8%时,铜材的抗拉强度为416.5 MPa,继续拉拔容易发生断管问题,需进行中间退火。经过8道次拉拔变形,1次中间退火处理后,得到抗拉强度为403.8 MPa、伸长率为1.78%、导电率为98.85%IACS、外径公差为±0.02 mm、壁厚公差为±0.01 mm的Ф2 mm×0.08 mm规格的超薄超细智能手机热管。     

游动芯头表面磨损研究

在拉拔过程中,游动芯头表面出现环状痕、竖道这两个主要形式,甚至还有粘铜等现象。当以上磨损出现时,会对铜管表面质量和拉拔过程的稳定性造成影响。导致这种磨损形式的产生的原因主要包括坯料质量问题、模具加工制造、外模和游动芯头的配模、模具与铜管之间的摩擦系数等四大因素。     

薄壁铜管游动芯头低频振动拉拔力影响规律

为准确描述薄壁铜管游动芯头低频振动过程中拉拔力影响因素的变化,借助有限元分析软件MSC.Marc,建立铜管低频振动拉拔模型,分析拉拔速度、激振振幅、激振频率、模具锥角(外模半锥角、芯头半锥角)对拉拔力的影响。结果表明,拉拔速度的增加将引起拉拔力的小幅度增加,在激振频率为80～170Hz范围内拉拔力先减小后增大,激振振幅的增加将引起拉拔力的显著降低,外模半锥角与芯头半锥角存在最佳的模具锥角组合。     

薄壁铜管固定芯头振动拉拔过程中的摩擦分析

在拉拔过程中引入振动时,由于塑性成形中的"表面效应",可以减小拉拔成形过程中的摩擦力。基于有限元软件Marc,采用修正的滑动库仑摩擦模型,建立了薄壁铜管固定芯头振动拉拔模型,并对振动拉拔过程的摩擦与拉拔速度对摩擦的影响进行了数值模拟。结果表明:在薄壁铜管固定芯头拉拔过程中添加纵向振动可以减少铜管内外表面平均摩擦力,且幅值越大,频率越高,铜管内外表面平均摩擦力越小;拉拔速度为0~20 mm·s~(-1)时,随着拉拔速度增大,铜管内外表面平均摩擦力递增且上升趋势明显,拉拔速度大于20 mm·s~(-1)时,拉拔速度增大,铜管内外表面平均摩擦力增大,但增大的幅度小。     

用长芯棒拉拔薄壁软铝管的试验研究

叙述了用长芯棒拉拔薄壁软铝管的实验设备、材料及工艺，研究指出，用长芯棒拉拔ＬＦ２１铝合金管壁厚可薄到０．１ｍｍ。在专用脱棒机上脱棒，管材表面无压痕等缺陷，同固定芯头相比，拉拔力可降低２５％左右，比游动芯头降低拉拔力５％￣１０％，变形区内轴向拉应力也可大大降低，因此，道次延伸系数高达２．９左右。     

Fabrication of noncircular multicore microtubes by superplastic dieless drawing process

A superplastic dieless drawing process that requires no dies or tools is applied to the drawing of a Zn–22Al superplastic alloy for noncircular microtubes such as square, rectangular and noncircular multi core tubes having square inner and rectangular outer cross-sections. In this study, the effects of heating condition, such as heating length and the use or nonuse of cooling device, on deformation behavior are investigated. As a result, a square microtube with 0.58 mm side and a rectangular microtube of 0.75 mm × 1.3 mm were fabricated after 3-pass superplastic dieless drawing. In addition, the fundamental deformation behavior of noncircular tubes combined with square and rectangular tubes during the dieless drawing process has been clarified experimentally. The cross-sectional shape of the noncircular tubes after the superplastic dieless drawing process tends to be maintained on the basis of the similarity law in case of a wide heating length compared with a narrow heating length. Furthermore, a noncircular microtube, which has inner square tubes with a 335 μm side, and an outer rectangular tube of 533 μm × 923 μm were fabricated successfully after a 4-pass superplastic dieless drawing process. Consequently, it was found that the superplastic dieless drawing is effective for the fabrication of noncircular multicore microtubes.     

冷拔内螺旋凸筋管变形区应力分布有限元分析

本文采用三维弹塑性有限元方法模拟了冷拔内螺旋凸筋管的成形过程,得到了此过程中管料在变形区的应力分布,揭示了冷拔内螺旋凸筋管的变形规律,为进一步优化模具设计提供了理论基础.     

Experimental and FEM study on sinking of miniature inner grooved copper tube

Miniature inner grooved copper tubes (mIGCT) which have an outer diameter less than 6 mm are in demand for the production of heat pipes. In this work, it is proposed to manufacture such tubes by a multi-stage tube sinking process with an initial mIGCT having an outer diameter of 6 mm. A FEM simulation approach is used to analyze stress, strain and damage distribution for the proposed process. For comparison, a smooth copper tube is also used in the simulation study. Furthermore, experiments are conducted to investigate plastic deformation of the grooves and teeth of the tube. Results show that the maximum stress and strain are occurred at the grooves area, while the maximum damage is located at the top of the teeth. The ratio of groove width to tooth width (β) is reduced after each drawing pass. Bonding, folding and segmenting, which represent potential flaws, have also been observed in the multi-stage tube sinking process, and are discussed.     

铝合金矩形管拉拔成形质量因素分析优化

应用有限元模拟软件MARC对铝合金矩形管拉拔成形质量影响因素进行模拟仿真.对拉拔速度、模具人模角和摩擦因子三个工艺参数进行分析,通过比较等效塑性应变的分布、残余应力、拉拔载荷的影响规律以及成品管的尺寸精度,得到了较优的拉拔工艺方案.采用优化后的方案生产试制的成品管表面质量良好,尺寸合格,与模拟相吻合.     

高速线材减定径轧制变形特点与热模拟参数研究

为分析高速线材减定径轧制的变形特点,利用有限元模拟方法研究了四道次减定径轧制过程。轧制产品规格为φ12 mm的圆钢,孔型系统为椭圆-圆-椭圆-圆。研究表明,四道次减定径轧制轧件最大累积等效塑性应变达1.890,最大温升达76.7℃,轧件平均变形速度大于429.4 s-1。限于热模拟条件的限制,仅能对减定径轧制轧件的变形程度进行准确模拟。     

Deforming mechanism of non-mandrel drawing process of circular aluminium tube by simulation

The aluminium tubes with high strength and smooth outer-surface can be produced by non-mandrel drawing process. It is an effective method to study forming mechanism of drawing process by simulation, based on which the relevant dies with reasonable dimensions can be designed to ensure tube precision. The dynamic model and elasto-plastic finite element model of the forming process were established based on FEM software Deform-3D, then the simulation was performed. The expressions about drawing load were deduced, and the influence of friction coefficient on drawing load was computed by the expressions and software respectively. Based on simulation results the deformation mechanism of drawing process without plug was expounded. According to flowing speed vector graph the law of material flowing was summarized, by which the deformation regions were partitioned. Furthermore, some potential problems of drawing process such as diameter shrinking, thickness varying were forecast and analyzed quantificationally.     

Forming method of axial micro grooves inside copper heat pipe

The high-speed oil-filled ball spinning and drawing process was put forward to manufacture the axially grooved heat pipe with highly efficient heat-transfer performance, and the forming mechanism of micro-grooves inside the pipe was investigated. The key factors influencing the configurations of micro-grooves were analyzed. When the spinning depth varies between 0.4 mm and 0.5 ram, drawing speed varies from 200 mm/min to 450 mm/min, rotary speed is beyond 6 000 r/min and working temperature is less than 50 ℃, the grooved tubes are formed with high quality and efficiency. The ball spinning process uses full oil-filling method to set up the steady dynamic oil-film that reduces the drawing force and improves the surface quality of grooved copper tube.     

钢管拉拔过程数值模拟现状和发展趋势

简要叙述了钢管拉拔过程的数值模拟现状和发展趋势；介绍了三维弹塑性有限元理论和相似理论在钢管拉拔过程数值模拟中的应用，及钢管拉拔CAD系统的开发情况；对钢管拉拔过程数值模拟的研究方向提出了看法。     

外螺纹铜管拉深成形过程的有限元模拟

利用非线性有限元仿真软件MARC,研究了外螺旋凸筋管成形过程的三维弹塑性有限元模拟技术.对外螺纹铜管的拉深成形过程进行了模拟,得到了成形过程中工件内部的应力和应变分布规律.结果表明,拉拔过程中,管料发生轴向延伸,但各部分延伸量不均匀,最大延伸变形发生在筋底中心部分.在周向,整体上管料发生压缩变形,但在筋底部分产生一定的延伸,应变为正;径向发生压缩变形.在定径区及铜管离开定径区后,轴向应力均为拉应力,但沿壁厚分布不均匀;同样,拉拔周向应力沿壁厚方向也呈不均匀分布,出定径区后在筋底区的外表面为负,内表面为正.