桥式龙门铣床横梁方案设计及其多目标决策方法

为了解决横梁结构方案设计及其优选问题,提出一种基于正交试验设计、模糊层次分析和灰色关联分析的横梁方案设计及其多目标决策方法。根据多因素多水平的横梁结构设计特点,采用正交试验设计确定横梁候选设计方案,获得各方案决策指标值;以静力学性能、抗振性、轻量化和经济指标为主要决策目标建立了横梁设计方案指标体系,采用模糊层次分析法和灰色关联法进行横梁设计方案的多目标决策。将该方法应用于桥式龙门铣床横梁方案的设计与决策,从构建的8种横梁候选设计方案中确定了参数组合为"侧挂式—井—20mm—线轨"的横梁最优方案。研究结果表明,所提出的横梁方案设计及其多目标决策方法理论性强,决策求解收敛性好,具有较高的工程实用性。     

基于多层级约束满足问题的产品全生命周期设计方案决策研究

为实现产品全生命周期绿色设计方案的生成与决策,构建了基于功能-行为-结构-材料-工艺(FBS-MP)的设计方案多层级表达模型,并将绿色设计方案的生成转化为基于设计约束的约束满足问题(Constraint satisfaction problem, CSP)。进一步提出基于回溯算法的设计方案多层逐级求解策略,获得产品设计方案解集。同时,提出基于“组合赋权-逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)-灰色关联分析(GRA)”的多属性决策方法,采用层次分析法与熵值法的主、客观权重进行非线性乘法加成,完成了评价指标的组合权重配置。通过在TOPSIS法分析中引入灰色关联度,实现了绿色设计方案的优选。最后,通过对多属性决策方法偏好系数与评价指标权重的敏感性分析,验证了所提方法的准确性与可靠性。     

UUV非耐压承载结构多目标拓扑优化研究

鉴于非耐压承载结构对于UUV(Unmanned underwater vehicle)的重要意义,提出一种基于折衷规划法建立综合目标函数,以灰色-层次分析确定子目标权重系数的多目标优化方法。以某型UUV的非耐压承载结构为例,首先采用灰色-层次分析法,得到各子目标(典型工况的柔度和前3阶固有频率的平均值)的权重系数;然后,采用折衷规划法进行多目标拓扑优化设计。优化结果表明:该方法适用于UUV非耐压承载结构的初始设计,可行且有效。同时,对比层次分析法和灰色关联分析法,该方法计算效率更高,优化结果更加合理。     

面向多目标满意度的分动器设计方案优选

由于分动器仅在四驱车辆上使用,以降低成本、提高传动效率和改善整车经济性为目标,提出了一种基于多目标满意度方法建立分动器设计方案的优选模型,实现分动器不同设计方案的有效优选。首先,考虑分动器设计开发流程与整车性能匹配的基础上,确定单轴无加强筋、单轴加强筋、双轴无加强筋和双轴加强筋4种备选方案。然后根据有限元分析结果和理论分析为基础,建立分动器设计方案评价的目标集,联合层次分析法确定目标集各因素对分动器设计方案优选的影响权重,从而建立分动器优选方案的多目标优化模型。最后运用多目标满意度决策机理,对不同分动器设计方案进行综合评估,得到的综合满意度最大的方案经验证合格即为优选的方案。该研究可为分动器设计方案优选提供参考。     

基于Pareto挖掘的白车身侧碰安全件轻量化优化设计

为提高白车身轻量化优化效果,提出了熵权灰色关联分析法用于挖掘非支配Pareto解集中的最优解。建立了白车身及整车侧碰有限元模型,通过实车侧碰试验验证了所建模型的准确性。以侧碰安全件料厚为设计变量,综合考虑白车身弯扭刚度、振动频率等基本静-动态性能及侧碰安全性能,构建径向基函数神经网络结合Kriging（RBFNN-Kriging）混合近似模型并联合第二代非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ算法）进行了多目标优化。最后,提出了熵权灰色关联分析法计算所有非支配Pareto解的灰色关联度,并以此为评价指标进行多目标决策。优化决策结果表明：在满足白车身性能设计基线的要求下,白车身侧碰安全件质量减小了2.68 kg,取得了较好的轻量化效果。     

某商用车蓄电池支架多目标拓扑优化

为使蓄电池支架在轻量化的基础上能够满足汽车各工况下强度性能及要求,采用折衷规划法进行多目标拓扑优化,通过灰色关联分析法确定子目标的权重系数。首先在原始电池支架模型结构基础上,考虑实际装配和功能,建立了蓄电池支架初始拓扑优化模型;然后对其进行多工况和综合频率优化,并通过灰色关联分析法确定子目标函数的权重,运用折衷规划法进行多目标拓扑优化。最终得到的新模型质量比原模型降低10.9%,低阶频率及刚度有较大提高,各极限工况应力均小于许用值。结果表明,轻量化的蓄电池支架满足性能要求,验证了设计的合理性。     

考虑客户需求偏好的产品创新设计方案多属性决策评价

为了使产品创新设计方案的评价和决策过程充分考虑客户的需求偏好特征,研究了考虑客户需求偏好的产品创新设计方案多属性决策评价方法。基于对客户需求偏好的分析,提出集成Kano模型和粗糙集理论的评价指标权重确定方法,提升了指标权重确定的合理性并使客户需求偏好信息有效地反映到评价过程中。考虑到方案评价中决策信息的模糊性和不确定性,构建了基于粗数决策信息处理的产品创新设计方案多属性决策灰色关联分析模型,通过融入上述指标权重并计算各方案的粗数区间差异系数来实现产品创新设计方案的优选。以电冰箱产品创新设计方案评价决策为例,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于BP神经网络的马铃薯收获机挖掘铲的参数优化

以马铃薯收获机的挖净率和伤薯率为目标,对挖掘铲的主要参数进行试验。在试验数据的基础上建立BP神经网络的数学模型,应用MATLAB神经网络工具箱对该模型进行优化,得出挖掘铲主要参数的最佳组合,从而为解决挖掘铲的性能优化问题提供了一种新方法。     

面向多目标的汽车悬架控制臂拓扑优化研究

针对结构的多目标拓扑优化设计,提出一种基于折衷规划法归一化子目标建立综合目标函数、以灰色综合关联分析确定综合目标函数中子目标权重系数的方法。以某商用车悬架控制臂为例,运用动力学分析、静力学分析和模态分析,得到控制臂在典型工况下的刚度性能、强度性能和固有频率。用板结构进行拓扑优化和形貌优化确定控制臂外轮廓形状,再分别采用单目标拓扑优化降低典型工况下的柔顺度和提高前三阶固有频率,并采用多频率加权方式来抑制频率单目标优化时的振荡现象。将单目标拓扑优化形成的子序列与各个目标最优值形成的最优序列进行灰色综合关联分析,得到子目标的权重系数。用折衷规划法进行多目标拓扑优化,根据优化结果对控制臂进行改进设计。改进后结构分析表明:优化后的控制臂质量减轻9.3%,整体刚度性能和强度性能明显增强,各阶固有频率均有不同程度提高。     

基于多目标满意度的车身轻量化方案优选

为实现车身不同轻量化方案的有效优选,提出了一种基于多目标满意度决策机理的车身轻量化方案优选方法。该方法以不同方案对应性能分析数据为基础,以质量减轻、成本降低和性能改善为目标,估测各目标对方案优选的权重,建立车身轻量化方案优选的多目标优化。基于多目标满意度决策机理,对不同方案进行综合评价,得到的综合满意度最大的方案经验证合格即为优选的轻量化方案。以车身发动机罩板为例,验证了所提方案的有效性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.