Selective treatment of lube oil distillates using pulsation equipment

The possibility of using pulsation equipment, which has exhibited high efficiency in different areas of chemical engineering and in extraction treatment of lube oil distillates — the feedstock for production of base oils — with selective solvents was investigated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 6–9, January–February, 2008.     

Deoiling of slack waxes using a pulsed crystallizer

A process was developed for deoiling of slack waxes with a pulsed crystallizer which proposes totally eliminating scraper crystallizers — regenerative and evaporative — from the process scheme. Exhaustively deoiled waxes are obtained with significantly simplified implementation of the process and reduced operating costs. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 8–9, September–October, 2008.     

Membrane technology for processing of acid tars

A process for processing acid tars using membrane technology is proposed. Petroleum products are obtained as a result — lube oil, resin, solid fuel. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 46–47, November–December, 2007.     

Formation of sediment in used industrial oil. Effect of temperature and solvent

Precipitation of sediment caused by external factors — temperature and solvent — is due to the spin nature of the contaminants formed during use of the oil. These paramagnetic contaminants also lead to aging of oils. Their total elimination restores the properties of used oil to the level of the base oil, but requires sufficient energy effects. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 29–31, January–February, 2006.     

Rheological properties of lubricants for diesel engines

The effect of viscosity additives from the Viscoplex series on the rheological properties of M-10G₂k lubricants, developed from Baku base oils, was investigated with consideration of current environmental and sanitary-hygienic requirements. It was found that the system consisting of a mineral oil and viscosity additives is characterized by non-Newtonian behavior — at a shear rate of 60–80 sec⁻¹, the character of flow is pseudoplastic — and is distinguished by good starting properties at temperatures from +10 to −20°C. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 32–35, September–October, 2008.     

Mild catalytic hydropyrolysis of high-viscosity, high-sulfur crude oil

The possibility of increasing the light cut content during mild catalytic hydropyrolysis of high— viscosity, high—sulfur crude oil was investigated. The new technology allows attaining a greater than 60 wt. % yield of motor fuels due to decomposition of resins and asphaltenes without expensive catalysts. The <350°C cut obtained can be used without hydrotreating for synthesis of environmentally safe motor fuels. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 10–11, January–February, 2006.     

An antiknock additive of the new generation

An antiknock additive which is a mixture of an aromatic amine, an antioxidant, the straight-run naphtha cut of naphthene-aromatic base crude oil, and chloro-and isoparaffins, is proposed. The additive is given antiknock activity by passing it through a catalyst — manganese — at the boiling point and atmospheric pressure. In a concentration of 0.03–0.2 wt. %, the additive increases the motor octane number of low-octane motor fuels by 5–14 points. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 17–19, January–February, 2008.     

Petroleum Binder — A Foundry Binder for Production of Molds and Rods

A new petroleum product — foundry binder — which has been successfully tested in pilot-industrial conditions and is recommended for industrial production, was obtained from asphalt from deasphalting of vacuum resid using a narrow naphtha cut as diluent. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 2005.     

Treatment of wastewaters in oil and gas plants

The oil and gas complex makes its own “contribution” to the negative effect on nature and society. The production activity of its enterprises on the current technological level is accompanied by intensive environmental pollution, especially water pollution. Crude oil is an environmental hazard both in production and processing and in shipment. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 55 – 56, March — April, 2000.     

New demulsifiers for petroleum preparation processes

In preparing crude oil for refining, demulsifiers play a large role in improving the quality of petroleum products and conversion to a zero-waste system of water use in refineries (RF) [1, 2]. They are widely used in preparation of crudes in refineries and in exhaustive desalting in RF electric desalting units (EDU) [3 – 6]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 25 – 27, March — April, 2000.     

Increasing the thermal stability of paving asphalts

A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign standards and technical specifications for paving asphalts is reported. A LUKOIL — Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez OAO draft corporate standard (DCS) for viscous paving asphalts which totally agrees with the foreign specifications was developed. Data from a pilot-industrial run on manufacture of commercial BND asphalt that satisfies the requirements of the DCS and is characterized by elevated plasticity and thermal stability are reported. The compositions of the feedstock and commercial asphalt and the process conditions of oxidation of vacuum resid were refined. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 7–16, May–June, 2008.     

The carcinogenicity of wood tars

In 1932–1933 when chemical carcinogens—polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)—first began to be manufactured, studies were begun concerning their separation from coal tar [1–3]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 47 – 48, January – February, 2000.     

In the interdepartmental committee on approval and use of fuels, oils, and special fluids

An article by N. A. Usakova, N. N. Grishin, and V. A. Okruzhinov entitled “State testing, certification, and standardization of new fuels and oils” was published in issue No. 2 of the journal in the “Current Problems” section; it discussed problems and achievements in quality control of petroleum products — fuel and lube materials and special fluids from the stage of development to the final stage — organization of industrial production. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 10 – 11, September – October, 1999.     

Kinetic aspects of deactivation of catalysts in prolonged use

A theoretical approach to the dynamic analysis of deactivation and aging of heterogeneous catalysts is proposed — analysis of the rate derivative in a kinetic equation of a given form. Methodology was demonstrated for the simplest kinetic equations — zero-and first-order. Regardless of the form of the kinetic equation for the dynamic model of deactivation, the rate constant is a function of an independent reaction coordinate. The method can also be used for solving reactivation problems and for explaining the dynamics of cation exchange in zeolite. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 3–34, January–February, 2006.     

Kazakhstan crude oils as sources of feedstock for asphalt production

The results of a study of the physicochemical properties of West Kazakhstan crudes — from the Karaturun, Karsak, and Kara-Arna fields — are reported. The possibility of using these crudes for asphalt production is demonstrated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 34–36, May–June, 2008.     

Combined process for production of base oils and exhaustively deoiled waxes. Use of oscillating crystallizers

The analysis of the results obtained suggests the following conclusions: a process for fabricating lube oils and exhaustively deoiled waxes using recrystallization of dewaxing stage-two slack wax in an oscillating crystallizer was developed. The possibility of stable manufacture of wax with an oil content at more than 1 wt. % in processing raffinate from the 420–490°C cut was demonstrated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 13–15, March–April, 2006.     

Petroleum impregnating and protective materials for railroad cross ties

Almost all wood materials — for construction and repair of railroads, for the mining industry, for telephone and electric power poles — must be protected from rotting, that is preserved to increase the lifetime. The Russian economy is suffering enormous material losses because of the insufficiently serious attitude toward this problem. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 8 – 9, September – October, 1999.     

Conversions of hydrocarbons on ACM catalyst at atmospheric pressure

Aluminum—cobalt—molybdenum catalyst (ACMC) is used for hydrotreating platforming feedstock. Due to the tendency toward gradual replacement of this catalyst by more efficient aluminum—nickel—molybdenum catalyst, the problem of use of ACMC can arise. As demonstrated here, it can be used in reforming of naphtha cuts of gas condensates at atmospheric pressure in small units directly in the fields. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 39 – 41, July – August, 2000.     

Production of base oils from high-sulfur tatar crude oils

The following sequence of processing lube distillates from atmospheric-vacuum tubestill (AVT) units are most commonly used for production of base oils: selective treatment — dewaxing — hydrotreating. As a result of hydrotreating, sulfur and tars are removed from the intermediate product, the carbon residue decreases, and the color improves. This final stage frequently determines the quality of base oils. However, its role in obtaining the required quality is usually small, since the basic indexes are formed in the preceding stages. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 1999.