铝合金变极性等离子焊接电弧产热机理

从铝合金变极性等离子焊接电弧物理特性出发，研究了铝合金变极性等离子焊接电弧产热机理，分析了焊接参数对电弧热的影响规律。通过理论分析和试验研究，发现铝合金变极性等离子弧焊接时不对称电极特性对正、反极性期间电弧的产热具有很大的影响。反极性期间由于铝合金作为阴极，阴极压降大电弧产热量也增大。在变极性等离子弧焊接时正、反极性期间的焊接电流和持续时间等参数不同也是造成正、反极性等离子电弧产热不同的重要原因。     

双脉冲变极性波形对铝合金TIG焊焊接质量的影响

研究设计了基于单片机控制的双脉冲混合调制变极性TIG焊接电源，该焊接电源以MSP430单片机为控制核心。将脉冲电流调制功能和变极性功能相结合，在变极性电流波形的基础上同时进行高低频混合脉冲调制。高低频混合调制变极性电流波形在保证铝合金清理效果、降低钨极烧损、提高电弧稳定性的前提下，可以减少气孔、控制焊缝成形，提高焊缝的拉伸强度和延伸率。试验表明，采用该电流波形焊接6mm厚的LD10铝合金，焊缝成形良好、力学性能高、气孔很少，从而获得了良好的焊接效果。     

铝合金变极性等离子弧平焊工艺

分析了薄板铝合金变极性等离子弧平焊工艺稳定性机理。试验采用自行研制的变极性等离子弧焊接电源,对1060铝合金薄板采用变极性等离子弧平焊工艺,分析了在变极性等离子弧焊接过程中,焊接电流、离子气流量、送丝速度等参数对焊缝成形的影响,获得了良好的焊缝质量。     

VPPAW工艺的变极性焊接电流受控稳定性

在铝合金的变极性等离子弧焊(variable polarity plasma arc welding,VPPAW)工艺中,变极性焊接电流的受控稳定性是确保焊接成形质量的前提. 然而,等离子电弧形态会随焊接电流极性的切变而变化,使得等离子电弧作为VPPAW电源的输出负载具有显著的非线性特性,常规比例积分微分(proportional integral derivative, PID)控制策略无法确保VPPAW电源输出电流波形畸变,而输出焊接电流波形的畸变又会进一步加剧电弧负载的非线性特性,降低变极性焊接电流的受控稳定性. 为了改善VPPAW工艺的变极性焊接电流的受控稳定性,研究了常规PID控制策略下铝合金的变极性等离子弧穿孔立向上焊接工艺的焊接电流受控稳定性以及等离子电弧的动态稳定性,引入了模糊控制理论,基于现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array, FPGA)的并行逻辑时序设计方法,设计出了一种具有并行运算能力的模糊PID控制器. 验证试验结果表明,具有并行运算能力的模糊PID控制器能够有效地改善VPPAW工艺的变极性焊接电流波形的受控稳定性.     

变极性等离子电弧稳定性及其控制

以变极性等离子电弧稳定性机理及其控制方法为研究对象,自行研制了80C196KC单片机为控制核心,主电路为双逆变型电路拓扑结构的VPPA1型变极性等离子焊接电源.重点分析小电流过零再引燃机理及其在大规范焊接条件下变极性等离子弧焊接系统及其电弧的稳定性.分别提出了在小电流焊接时通过程序设定方法将变极性等离子电弧由正极性变反极性之前提高过零电流,而大规范焊接条件下则控制过零电流的新观点,对科学认识变极性等离子电弧特性及其焊接过程控制有重要的指导意义.     

AZ31B镁合金厚板变极性等离子加丝焊接及工艺研究

采用变极性等离子焊接方法对AZ31B镁合金进行焊接,通过观察AZ31B镁合金变极性等簿子焊接现象,探讨了变极性等离子工艺参数(焊接电流、等离子气流量、焊接速度、送丝速度等)对焊缝成形的影响.试验表明,AZ31B镁合金变极性等离子焊接时将产生烟雾,焊缝正反两面都需要氩气保护,镁合金变极性等离子焊接的工艺范围较宽,通过选择适当的工艺参数可以获得理想的焊缝成形.     

铝及铝合金的变极性等离子焊接设备与工艺

通过铝及铝合金焊接特点的分析，比较TIG、MIG、PAW不同焊接方法的优缺点；对不同板厚的防锈铝进行大量的变极性等离子焊接工艺试验，总结出变极性等离子焊接铝合金开设备的要求，以及分析等离子焊接工艺参数对成形的影响，制定了一套成熟的焊接工艺参数。试验结果表明：立焊变极性等离子焊接中厚板铝及铝合金有着明显的工艺优势，可以实现单面焊双面成形，焊前清理要求低，焊缝可达到Ⅰ级。     

变极性等离子电弧力学行为研究

研究了变极性等离子孤焊接工艺参数对变极性等离子电孤力的影响规律,提出了变极性等离子电孤的力学特性,它是变极性等离子电孤的重要特性之一,试验结果对中厚板铝合金变极性等离子孤焊接工艺稳定性以及焊接过程控制有重要的指导意义。     

基于Lab VIEW的熔化极等离子弧焊接电弧电信号分析

在熔化极等离子弧焊接(plasma-MIG)试验系统基础上,设计电流、电压信号采集系统,对其电弧电特性信号进行采集,用虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW对其进行处理,得到U-t,I-t,U-I相图.比较了熔化极等离子弧焊与常规熔化极气体保护焊电弧电信号的不同,前者电流、电压波动很小,后者波动很大;研究了熔化极等离子弧焊接方法中MIG电流增大对电弧电信号的影响,并对熔化极等离子弧焊接的不稳定电弧电信号进行了分析,发现内弧对外弧的影响有一定规律性.     

变极性等离子弧焊换向过程的变阻尼现象

通过试验证实了变极性等离子弧焊换向过程中存在焊接电流谐振现象,且不同极性转换时电流谐振峰值不同,即"焊接电源-等离子弧"系统在换向时呈现变阻尼状态.对换向过程燃弧机理分析表明钨极与工件作为阴极发射电子能力的差异是造成此现象的根源,进一步对换向电路分析后可知,换向系统的阻尼比为时变量.在不改变换向速度保证燃弧稳定性的情况下,通过对换向后系统阻尼比的调整,显著降低了电流谐振峰值,改善了大电流焊接时换向器件的工作状态.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.