高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中8种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了固相萃取.高效液相色谱柱后衍生荧光检测蔬菜中涕灭威亚砜,涕灭威砜,灭多威,三羟基克百威,涕灭威,克百威,甲萘威及异丙威等8种氨基甲酸脂类农药残留的分析方法.本文对测定氨基甲酸酯农药残留的分离条件,提取溶剂,洗脱溶剂,净化材料和基质效应进行了优化试验.结果显示,8种氨基甲酸脂类农药在0.1～1.0 mg/L的浓度范...     

用HPLC柱后衍生法分析烟草中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

采用反相高效液相色谱法对烟草中涕灭威亚砜、涕灭威砜、灭多威、三羟基克百威、涕灭威、克百威、甲萘威、异丙威等8种氨基甲酸酯类农药同时进行残留分析。样品采用乙腈/水提取,NH₂-SPE柱净化,柱后衍生荧光检测器(FLD)测定。8种农药在0.1～1.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9951～0.9999,在0.05、0.1、0.5 mg/kg添加水平的平均回收率分别为80.8%～110.6%、84.4%～109.7%和81.6%～112.9%,相对标准偏差分别为3.2%～10.8%、3.8%～11.8%和3.7%～8.5%。各种农药的检出限为0.008～0.01 mg/kg。方法适用于烟草中氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留检测。     

液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速筛查蔬菜中20种氨基甲酸酯类农药

建立蔬菜中20种氨基甲酸酯类化合物高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱分析法。样品经乙腈提取,Qu ECh ERS方法对样品净化后,采用高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法对样品中的目标化合物进行定性分析,外标法定量确证。结果表明:20种氨基甲酸酯类农药在0.005μg/m L~0.1μg/m L范围内线性关系均良好,R2均大于0.99,且所有农药定量限(LOQ)(S/N=10)均低于国际限量要求;在0.01、0.02 mg/kg和0.04 mg/kg的添加水平下,蔬菜中20种氨基甲酸酯类农药的平均回收率介于60%~120%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于5.0%。该方法较为简单,只需全扫描并提取精确质量数即可进行准确定量,受基质干扰小,能很好的满足我国进出口蔬菜中20种农药限量的严格要求,可以用于蔬菜基质中此20种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测。     

氧化石墨烯分散固相萃取-LC-MS/MS法检测花生油中涕灭威及其代谢物残留

建立了氧化石墨烯分散固相萃取—液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)检测花生油中涕灭威及其代谢物涕灭威砜和涕灭威亚砜3种农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取,以氧化石墨烯分散固相萃取净化后,注入LC-MS/MS检测。色谱柱采用Poroshell 120 EC-C18(3.0×100 mm,2.7μm),在多反应监测模式下检测,外标法定量。结果表明:上述3种农药在浓度5~150μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.991~0.999,方法检测限为0.6~1.8μg/kg,在不同添加水平下,平均回收率为62%~103%。该方法简便、快速、成本低,能够满足花生油中涕灭威及其代谢物的检测要求。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植物源性食品中 16种氨基甲酸酯类农药及其代谢物

目的 建立液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植物源性食品中16种氨基甲酸酯类农药及其代谢物(涕灭威、涕灭威亚砜、涕灭威砜、灭害威、恶虫威、甲萘威、克百威、乙霉威、仲丁威、茚虫威、异丙威、灭多威、速灭威、杀线威、抗蚜威和残杀威)残留量的方法。方法 样品用0.1%冰醋酸-乙腈提取, 提取液经过滤、浓缩后用石墨化炭黑/氨基固相萃取柱净化, 采用多反应监测(multi-reaction monitoring, MRM)正离子扫描模式进行准确的定性和定量分析。结果 16 种氨基甲酸酯类农药在5~500 ng/mL浓度范围内均呈良好线性。16种农药在苹果、菠菜、山药、大米、大豆和生姜6种基质中的检出限和定量下限为2.0 μg/kg和5.0 μg/kg, 在低、中、高3 个水平的加标回收率为71.0%~108.0%之间, RSDs (relative standard deviations)为2.03%~11.30%。结论 该方法简单快速,其灵敏度、准确度和精密度均能满足农药残留分析的要求。     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定蔬菜中34种农药残留

采用超高液相色谱-串联质谱联用仪(UPLC-MS/MS)技术建立了同时检测蔬菜中34种农药多残留量的快速检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,浓缩定容后用Qu ECh ERS农残净化管净化,Acquity BEH-C18超高液相色谱柱分离,进入电喷雾串联四极杆质谱进行检测,采用多反应监测(MRM)分析,对液质分离条件进行优化。结果表明34种农药在10 ng/m L~200 ng/m L范围内线性良好(r≥0.993 6)。在10μg/kg~30μg/kg范围内,平均加标回收率在68.7%~116.8%之间,RSD≤12%。该方法检出限为0.001 mg/kg~0.01 mg/kg,测定结果满足蔬菜样品中多残留农药的检测要求。     

液相色谱串联质谱法同时检测茶叶中23种农药残留

建立了Qu ECh ERS样品前处理-液相色谱串联质谱法同时检测茶叶中23种农药残留的分析方法。样品经Qu ECh ERS方法进行前处理,采用液相色谱分离、多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,基质曲线外标法定量。23种农药的定量限(LOQ)为0.09μg/kg~10μg/kg,多菌灵和杀螟硫磷线性范围为5.0 ng/m L~80 ng/m L,其他农药线性范围为2.0 ng/m L~40 ng/m L,线性相关系数均大于0.992 5。多菌灵和杀螟硫磷在20、40、80μg/kg 3个添加水平、其他21种农药在10、20、40μg/kg 3个添加水平范围内的回收率为67%~115%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%~14.8%。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高,适合于茶叶中23种农药残留的定量及确证分析。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定桑叶中64种农药残留

目的建立Qu ECh ERS结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定桑叶中64种农药残留的方法。方法样品经乙腈提取,应用Qu ECh ERS方法进行净化处理。使用Cortecs T3 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.7μm)色谱柱,用含0.1%(V/V)甲酸溶液(A)和甲醇(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾电离(electrospray ionization,ESI)和多离子检测模式(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)进行检测,基质外标法定量。结果 64种农药在0.001~0.050 mg/L范围内线性良好,线性相关系数均大于0.999。在1~10μg/kg添加浓度范围内,回收率为78.0%~94.9%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~5.5%。结论该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,可用于桑叶中农药残留的高通量筛查。     

QuEChERS前处理技术与在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱质谱联用法测定蔬菜水果中20种农药残留

目的建立在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱质谱(online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry,GPC-GC/MS)联用法测定蔬菜、水果中有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯类20种农药残留的分析方法。方法蔬菜、水果中有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯类20种农药残留经过乙腈与Qu ECh ERS试剂包提取、净化、浓缩,经在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱质谱仪分析测定,选择离子模式定量。结果 GPC-GC/MS系统中的GPC弥补了Qu ECh ERS方法净化干扰物质不彻底的问题,从而降低分析背景,改善峰形,提高分析结果的准确性和相关质谱图匹配性。在0.01 mg/kg加标情况下,3种样品(芹菜、桔子和韭菜)除桔子和韭菜中甲胺磷、敌敌畏和氧化乐果由于基质的影响而回收率偏低外,其他均在80%~120%,3种样品平行样的相对标准偏差均在15%以下,并且该方法与传统的固相萃取小柱净化法进行加标比对,回收率无明显差异。结论 Qu ECh ERS方法和GPC-GC/MS联合使用分析蔬菜水果中的农药残留,达到了快速、简单、便宜、有效、可靠和安全的目的。     

离子液体分散液液微萃取氨基甲酸酯类农药

建立一种快速简便的超声辅助离子液体-分散液液微萃取(UA-IL-DLLEX)-高效液相色谱荧光法(HPLC-FD),分析蔬菜中速灭威、克百威、甲萘威、异丙威4种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留。考察系列影响萃取率的参数,包括萃取剂和分散剂的种类及其体积、样品p H、盐浓度、超声萃取时间。优化的萃取条件:200μL离子液体(IL,[C_6MIm][PF_6])为萃取剂,100μL四氢呋喃(THF)为分散剂,样品pH为7.0,不加盐,超声萃取5 min。在此条件下,方法的线性范围为0.02~1.0μg/m L,相关系数大于0.999,检出限(S/N=3)为0.006 3~0.018 mg/kg,3种阴性蔬菜中3个水平0.167,0.033和0.066 mg/kg的加标回收率为83.2%~110%,6次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%~5.1%。该方法应用于肇庆地区20种蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留检测,所有蔬菜样品中均未检出速灭威、甲萘威和异丙威,6种蔬菜样品检出克百威浓度为0.017~0.22 mg/kg。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.