攀枝花产海绵钛氢化脱氢动力学

通过压力组成等温曲线测试仪(PCT)测试了工业海绵钛在400~600℃温度下的吸放氢特性。应用反应速率分析方法计算了实验温度下的反应速率常数,并通过阿伦尼乌斯方程计算出实验条件下海绵钛吸放氢表观活化能。经过完全活化后,海绵钛吸氢表观活化能为(34.42±0.02)kJ/mol,氢化钛粉的脱氢表观活化能为(29.93±0.01)kJ/mol。这个结果表明,氢原子在金属相间的扩散速率是控制海绵钛氢化与脱氢反应的主要因素。     

表面有阳极氧化层的氘化钛热解吸动力学研究

应用反应速率分析方法,测定了氘化钛和表面有阳极氧化层的氘化钛在恒容体系和600～800℃范围内的热解吸反应速率常数,得到氘化钛和阳极氧化的氘化钛热解吸氘的活化能分别为(24.9±1.0)kJ/mol和(38.5±1.2)kJ/mol;氘化钛表面氧化层越厚,表观活化能越大;实验表明氘化钛表面阳极氧化层具有阻氘性能.     

酚醛树脂-双马来酰亚胺体系的固化动力学

采用非等温DSC法探讨了酚醛树脂与双马来酰亚胺体系的固化反应,在30 ℃～400 ℃范围内以不同升温速率(5 ℃/min、10 ℃/min、15 ℃/min、20 ℃/min)进行动态固化行为分析.应用Kissinger、Crane和Ozawa法求得了固化反应的表观活化能、固化反应级数、凝胶温度和固化温度等动力学参数.结果表明,固化体系的平均表观活化能为109 kJ/mol,反应级数为0.94,凝胶温度Tgel为79.68 ℃,固化温度Tcure为121.93 ℃,表观活化能E是固化度α的增函数.     

真空碳热还原钛精矿中铁的等温动力学北大核心CSCD

采用等温动力学研究的方法在1100~1300℃下对攀枝花钛精矿真空碳热还原中铁的动力学进行了研究。研究结果表明:还原温度的升高和保温时间的延长,能促进钛精矿中Fe3O4的还原以及铁的聚集长大;钛精矿中的铁在1100~1250℃保温的前期即0~30 min时,还原反应受界面化学反应控制,反应的表观活化能为207.92 kJ/mol;在1100~1200℃保温的后期即30~90min时,还原反应受内扩散控制,反应的表观活化能为521.47 kJ/mol。     

真空碳热还原钛精矿中铁的等温动力学

采用等温动力学研究的方法在1100～1300℃下对攀枝花钛精矿真空碳热还原中铁的动力学进行了研究。研究结果表明:还原温度的升高和保温时间的延长,能促进钛精矿中Fe_3O_4的还原以及铁的聚集长大;钛精矿中的铁在1100～1250℃保温的前期即0～30 min时,还原反应受界面化学反应控制,反应的表观活化能为207.92 kJ/mol;在1100～1200℃保温的后期即30～90min时,还原反应受内扩散控制,反应的表观活化能为521.47 kJ/mol。     

储氢材料67Mg29C3Ni1Al的放氢动力学研究

采用氢气反应球磨法,将煤基微晶碳及少量Ni和Al添加到镁粉中在1MPa氢气中球磨3h制得储氢材料67Mg29C3Ni1Al.放氢测试结果表明,温度越高,放氢速度越快,放氢量越大,数据拟舍得出放氢反应为表观一级反应.根据阿伦尼乌斯方程计算得出,在300～350℃范围内,放氢反应表观活化能为(138.0±6)kJ/mol.与储氢材料70Mg30C及纯MgH2相比,微晶碳和催化剂Ni、Al缩短了储氢材料的放氢时间,加快了放氢速度,提高了放氢量,降低了表观活化能,放氢动力学性能得到了改善.     

苯并噁嗪-酚醛-环氧豆油三元聚合体系的热分解行为研究

通过热重分析法研究了苯并噁嗪-酚醛-环氧豆油(BA-NP-ESO)三元聚合体系在不同升温速率下的热分解动力学。利用Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)法求取了三元聚合体系热分解过程的表观活化能,当分解率在0.3～0.9范围内时,反应属于同一机理,两种方法求得的活化能分别为241.1kJ/mol和253.7kJ/mol。运用Coats-Redfern法和Achar法对非等温动力学数据进行分析,得到热分解反应的机理函数,其热分解反应为四级反应,符合随机成核和随后生长机理,两种方法求得的表观活化能分别为250.21kJ/mol和266.96kJ/mol,与KAS和FWO法的结果较为一致。     

碳助磨制备纳米镁铝储氢合金的结构及储氢性能研究

以改性无烟煤为助磨剂,在氢气气氛下球磨制备了具有纳米结构的镁铝合金储氢材料,通过SEM,XRD,TPD等手段对比研究了球磨吸氢材料及静态再吸氢材料的晶相结构及放氢动力学性能.结果表明:改性无烟煤具有良好的助磨作用,经5.5h球磨,材料平均粒度可达74nm;镁铝合金经反应球磨后,其中的Mg转化成了β-MgH2和γ-MgH2,放氢峰温低于300℃;静态再吸氢后,MgH2全部以β-MgH2存在,且晶体粒度增长60％,Mg17Al12分解为单质Mg和Al,其中单质Al使储氢材料放氢活化能降低,用Kissinger方程计算出球磨储氢和再吸氢材料的放氢一级表观活化能分别为107.3kJ/mol和67.1kJ/mol.     

烟煤粘结纳米镁基储氢材料的制备及吸放氢性能

以Mg、烟煤和碳化无烟煤为原料,经H2反应球磨、热处理制备了烟煤粘结的纳米镁基储氢材料,研究了储氢材料结构及吸放氢性能,并计算了材料的吸氢动力学参数。结果表明,在600℃热处理时材料中的Mg容易与煤中的C发生反应生成Mg2C3;添加15%(质量分数)烟煤,经500℃热处理能有效粘结纳米Mg颗粒,且未见Mg2C3生成。储氢材料的吸氢速率随温度升高而增大,在2MPa H2下吸氢量在350℃达到最大值,约3.77%(质量分数),在400℃时吸氢量略有下降。根据Arrhenius公式得出储氢材料在300~350℃下吸氢的一级反应表观活化能为56.6kJ/mol H2。用TPD测定了储氢材料的放氢温度,表明材料在250℃开始放氢,388℃时达到放氢高峰。储氢材料中的C可结合少量H,该类H在加热时会以CH4等烃的形式释放出来。     

热分析在PVA纤维预处理中的应用

用差热、热重法对原丝的热性能及由不同预处理方法所引起的PVA纤维的热行为变化进行了研究;并通过模拟脱水条件,用不同升温速率,求出了经不同预处理纤维的脱水反应活化能。结果表明,PVA原丝在230℃有一软化点,三种预处理都不同程度地影响了原丝的热效应变化;纤维在180～340℃主要为脱水反应;原丝及经脱水剂、O_3和O_3综合脱水剂处理的纤维,其脱水反应的表观活化能分别为:164.3kJ/mol,92.9kJ/mol,130.5kJ/mol和117.6kJ/mol。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.