一种多级图形调用方法

本文提出了一种实用多级图形调用方法，它主要是对一张地图图在屏幕上显示不清楚时，把地图图形分成若干个小图，分级调用。其特点是图形自动放大，显示清楚，图形不变形，可用鼠标器，键盘定点选图，及定区域自地选图，并可对一定条件下不规则图形进行处理。     

数字地图局部自动生成与半自动编辑

数字地图的局部自动生成与半自动编辑系统由道路编辑模块和房屋编辑模块构成。文章详细描述了各模块中的半自动提取功能的算法，其中道路提取采用了滚球法，房屋提取采用的是基于几何关系的算法。所有半自动提取算法都在图形的基础上操作的，能保证有较好的通用性，不仅可用于纸面地图生成数字地图的开发过程，而且适用于从航空图像开发数字地图等用途。数字地图半自动编辑器已可作为一个独立的系统，在人机交互状态下自动／半自动生成数字道路地图和数字房屋地图。     

基于图形整体拓扑结构的地图线对象矢量化

地图自动矢量化是地理信息系统（GIS）发展的迫切需要。本文从图形整体拓扑特征出发,引入节点域的概念,并介绍了一种二值化扫描地图图像中线对象的整体矢量化方法。     

基于SVG标准的WebGIS地图应用研究

利用SVG标准技术解决了基于WebGIS重大危险源系统的地图显示问题。提出基于SVG的地图符号描述模型,重点描述点、线、面3种类型对象,通过它们来显示地图中的实体对象,并应用XML的特点实现了数字地图空间数据的存储方法,使空间数据与属性数据直接建立了有效联系。     

基于图形整体拓扑结构的地图线对象矢量化

地图自动矢量化是地理信息系统(GIS)发展的迫切需要。本文从图形整体拓扑特征出发,引入节点域的概念,并介绍了一种二值化扫描地图图像中线对象的整体矢量化方法。     

航盛车载卫星智能导航系统HS-M0001

车辆所在位置定位功能、兴趣点查询功能 目的地（或）经由地查询和导引功能 附近设施查询功能、自动纠偏功能 地图比例尺放大缩小功能、地图平面及乌瞰立体视觉功能 用户常去地址储存功能、导引时车道指引功能 导引过程中变道或转弯时局部放大功能 语音导引功能、地图画面背景昼、夜显示功能 以标识显示附近设施、地图画面各方位无级移动     

基于SVG显示模型的WebGIS的设计与研究

论文研究了以SVG为地图表现的基于B/S结构的WebGIS,针对当前SVG应用仅停留在数据显示转换的层次上,根据SVG的特征和显示模型,提出了基于SVG显示模型对象的扩展逻辑模型,使用模型数据映射的方法来实现地图的生成。同时,为适应大数据量和动态请求提出了一个交互控制策略,并设计实现了原型系统。     

结合网格保刚性的多目的地地图布局优化方法

针对当前多目的地地图生成方法存在布局优化和时间复杂度过高的问题,提出了一种基于保刚性变形的多目的地地图自动生成方法.首先用户选择感兴趣的多个目的地,系统自动选择出与用户指定的目的地最相关的道路网信息,生成上下文区域和关注区域的Delaunay三角网格;然后通过对关注区域凸包点的操作来调整道路细节信息的显示比例,并于每一次凸包点调整后在上下文区域的三角网格作保刚性处理,使得该区域的道路拓扑结构尽量保持不变;同时保证该区域路网的细节清晰地显示.在若干OpenStreetMap地图上的实验结果表明,该方法能快速生成多目的地地图,生成的地图在保持输入地图总体拓扑结构的同时,也优化了地图上目的地区域道路的布局;使得用户可以在有限显示空间内能够浏览地图的全局信息和详细的局部地图信息.     

激光切割图形显示和校验研究

研究了激光切割图形显示和校验方法，编程人员通过图形显示，将所编辑的ＮＣ代码映射的直观的图形，并与用户要求的零件轮廓比较，从而纠正编程错误及工艺不合理，通过图形校验功能可以自动求出零件轮廓是否经过了预计保护区，在避开顶针保护区的情况下，可以在编程人员的授权下自动修改ＮＣ代码，全部软件用Ｃ语言开发，已成功地用于激光切割系统中。     

基于DirectX地图编辑器的研究与设计

游戏开发引擎中地图编辑器的设计对于能否快捷、高效地实现高质量游戏地图至关重要.程序在.NET环境下设计,应用DirectX技术实现了游戏的地图编辑器.本文主要介绍了DirectX技术,详细论述了游戏地图编辑器主界面的设计及动画等技术的实现,并且对遮挡及半透效果的实现方法进行改进,设计了组合对象的复制、粘贴、移动技术.     

地图中道路的自动识别与重建

本文针对地图中具有一定宽度的道路的识别,提出一种双边信息判断方法,它有跟踪准确、有效地填补间隙、正确穿越交叉点和桥梁,且不需要对地图作去噪声和细化等预处理,因而具有识别速度快的优点。采用该方法,对1∶50,000实际地图进行处理,获得了满意的结果。     

Directional mathematical morphology and reformalized Houghtransformation for the analysis of topographic maps

One of the most difficult and important problems encountered in the automatic digitizing of graphical topographic maps is the identification and separate digitizing of different kinds of features. Essentially, in topographic maps, there are two kinds of geometric features: linear features, such as roads and railways that have an arbitrary length, and symbols, which indicate a type of building or area of land usage or even numerical information. These two types of features are extracted and recognized by using methods based on multiangled parallelism (MAP). The MAP operation method performs parallel calculation on directional feature planes. The linear features are extracted using erosion-dilation operations on the directional feature planes, and the symbols are extracted using a reformalized and parallel version of the generalized Hough transformation on the same directional planes, which is called the MAP matching method. The methods have been applied to a 1/25000 scale map     

地图信息的分层提取

提出了一种分层提取彩色地图信息的方法。首先根据一般地图中区域要素的结构和颜色特点，利用统计的方法实现区域规范化，这一步基本上不需要人工干预；然后采用模板匹配方法提取地图中的标识，这些识别出来的标识一方面作为一层信息被提取出来，另一方面对后面的道路的提取有着重要的作用；提取道路时，充分利用它们的颜色特征和连通特性，结合前面提取出来的标识以及地图中的其它要素对道路进行连接、修补处理。试验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Knowledge Based Pipeline Network Classification and Recognition Method of Maps

Map recognition is an essential data input means of Geographic Information System (GIS). How to solve the problems in the procedure, such as recognition of maps with crisscross pipeline networks, classification of buildings and roads, and processing of connected text, is a critical step for GIS keeping high-speed development. In this paper, a new recognition method of pipeline maps is presented, and some common patterns of pipeline connection and component labels are established. Through pattern matching, pipelines and component labels are recognized and peeled off from maps. After this approach, maps simply consist of buildings and roads, which are recognized and classified with fuzzy classification method. In addition, the Double Sides Scan (DSS) technique is also described, through which the effect of connected text can be eliminated.     

一种基于道路知识的矢量地图数据校正方法

准确完整的交通矢量地图是车辆导航、路径寻优等应用工作的良好基础.为了解决交通矢量地图的错误数据信息问题,在分析城市道路分布特点的基础上,提出了一种基于道路知识的矢量地图数据校正方法.将矢量数据信息中普遍存在的错误进行分类,通过对城市道路设计规范和城市道路相关知识的归纳,抽取出对各种类型错误的判定规则和校正算法,为矢量地图的校正提供了一种较新的思路.实验结果表明,该算法能够快速有效的检测和校正矢量地图数据信息中存在的各类问题,能够保证矢量地图拓扑的准确性和完整性.     

Infrastructure and Economic Efficiency in Italian Regions

Using the stochastic frontier approach based on Farrel's index to measure technical and allocative efficiency, we investigate the level of productive efficiency in Italian regions for the period 1970–1994. We found a 31% of technical inefficiency and about 21% of allocative inefficiency. The analysis is extended to measure the impact of public capital puzzle on regional productivity. The results show that infrastructure play an important role and that railways and maritime capital have an higher degree of effectiveness than the provision of roads.     

Benefit of the future SPOT-5 and of data fusion to urban roads mapping

This article deals with the contribution of both the future SPOT-5 (which will produce images with the same bands as the existing SPOT 1-3 ones but with an improved spatial resolution) and a sensor fusion method to urban mapping. The ARSIS concept (in French: Amelioration de la Resolution Spatiale par Injection de Structures ) is used for sensor fusion. It allows the improvement of spatial resolution of the multi-band images, while preserving spectral information, by use of the high frequencies of panchromatic images. A well-proven method for urban mapping is then applied to all multi-spectral images available in the context of the study. A photo-interpretation of the latter confirms the benefit of fine image resolutions to urban roads mapping, in the limit of the sensor studied here. Then, when comparing the roads surface at all resolutions with reference extracted from accurate maps of the city, we demonstrate quantitatively that the finer the resolution, the more accurate the cartography.     

Character string recognition on maps, a rotation-invariant recognition method

We describe a method for automated reading of character strings occurring on scanned topographic maps. This method takes into account the oriented strings that are frequent on maps. We describe the whole application but we emphasize the connected components analysis module and, especially, its rotation-invariant recognition aspect. Results seem good enough for industrial application with our kind of maps (i.e. regular base map for France).     

Drawing road networks with focus regions

Mobile users of maps typically need detailed information about their surroundings plus some context information about remote places. In order to avoid that the map partly gets too dense, cartographers have designed mapping functions that enlarge a user-defined focus region--such functions are sometimes called fish-eye projections. The extra map space occupied by the enlarged focus region is compensated by distorting other parts of the map. We argue that, in a map showing a network of roads relevant to the user, distortion should preferably take place in those areas where the network is sparse. Therefore, we do not apply a predefined mapping function. Instead, we consider the road network as a graph whose edges are the road segments. We compute a new spatial mapping with a graph-based optimization approach, minimizing the square sum of distortions at edges. Our optimization method is based on a convex quadratic program (CQP); CQPs can be solved in polynomial time. Important requirements on the output map are expressed as linear inequalities. In particular, we show how to forbid edge crossings. We have implemented our method in a prototype tool. For instances of different sizes, our method generated output maps that were far less distorted than those generated with a predefined fish-eye projection. Future work is needed to automate the selection of roads relevant to the user. Furthermore, we aim at fast heuristics for application in real-time systems.     

彩色公路地图的道路自动提取

首先采用模板匹配、特征抽取等方法提取城市和道路的标识，这些标识对后面的道路的提取有着重要的作用；然后根据道路的等级，在颜色基础上利用道路的特征分层提取道路图层；最后对道路进行细化，依据城市与道路，各种道路间的关系以及道路的特征建立一系列的判据，检查道路的合理性，并产生相应的策略对道路进行反馈处理，实现道路的全自动提取．实验结果表明了该方法的有效性．