复合材料低速冲击损伤超声红外热波检测能力评估

为评估超声红外热成像对复合材料低速冲击损伤的检测能力,提出了评估流程和评估标准。设计并制作了复合材料层合板,分别采用超声红外热成像和超声C扫描两种方法对不同冲击能量下的冲击损伤进行了检测研究,以超声C扫描结果作为参照,对比分析了超声红外热成像的检测结果并对损伤大小进行了定量识别。结果表明:超声红外热成像不仅能够对冲击损伤进行准确的定位,还能有效地检测出冲击引起的纤维断裂、基体开裂和分层等具体的损伤形式,检测速度快,非常适合用于在线检测;与超声C扫描相比,超声热成像方法对冲击损伤大小的识别误差小于6%,检测精度较高,满足检测要求。     

层合复合材料板的低速冲击损伤及剩余压缩强度研究

针对复合材料层合板的冲击及冲击后的压缩破坏过程提出了一种全程分析方法。该方法应用三维逐渐累积损伤理论和分析技术,对层合板的冲击以及冲击后含损伤的层合板在压缩载荷下损伤扩展的全过程进行分析,分析中没有对冲击后层合板的损伤状态做人为假设,而是把冲击后层合板的预测损伤直接用于剩余压缩强度研究,从而不仅提高了最终失效载荷的预测精度,而且避免了为获得冲击后损伤状态参数所进行的大量试验,同时开发了模拟程序,该程序可以预测任意铺层角度、铺层厚度的层合板受外物冲击以及冲击后的损伤状态及在压缩载荷下的逐渐损伤破坏过程和最终失效载荷。通过与已有文献结果进行比较,验证了方法及程序的正确性。     

玻璃纤维层合板低能量冲击试验研究

为研究玻璃纤维层合板抗冲击性能,利用落锤冲击实验机,以两种不同能量,对两种预制裂纹的玻璃纤维复合材料层合板进行低能量冲击;对实验中的冲击载荷、能量、位移和速度进行采集;对冲击损伤进行力学分析和对比;并对损伤形貌进行了SEM观察。结果显示:在相同能量冲击下,预制裂纹层合板冲击后的损伤程度与预制裂纹的大小和面积成线性关系;在不同能量冲击下,复合材料层合板具有不同的破坏结构,其主要损伤为基体开裂和层间分离。     

复合材料冲击损伤高分辨率超声成像检测与损伤行为分析

冲击损伤是复合材料结构易产生的一种危害性缺陷,针对碳纤维复合材料层压结构特点,分析脉冲超声波在复合材料中的反射特性,当能减小入射声波脉冲的时域占宽,提高其品质,可显著改善超声检测表面盲区和纵向分辨率。利用入射声波在冲击损伤区形成的反射信号及其渡越时间可确定冲击损伤的深度和大小。研究采用高分辨率脉冲超声B扫描和层深C扫描(T扫描)成像方法,可揭示复合材料内部冲击损伤及其大小与沿厚度方向的分布特征,进行复合材料冲击损伤量化评估与损伤行为可视化分析。试验结果表明,在入射脉冲单周脉冲特性条件下,当来自复合材料缺陷的回波信号的渡越时间达到入射声波脉冲时域占宽的一半左右时,即可清晰地提取到时域可分辨的缺陷回波信号,使超声检测表面盲区和纵向分辨率达到单个复合材料预浸料铺层的厚度,约0.13 mm。利用超声断面B扫描成像,可以形象地再现复合材料中冲击损伤的断面分布与扩展情况以及损伤的深度等确切信息。采用超声T扫描成像,则可以直观地再现冲击损伤在复合材料铺层方向的分布及其损伤区域(面积)等定量信息。二者的结合则为揭示复合材料冲击损伤的3D分布及其特征提供一种超声成像检测量化评估和损伤行为可视化分析方法。     

基于应变损伤模型的复合材料层合板低速冲击数值模拟

提出了一种基于应变的复合材料损伤模型,考虑了复合材料冲击过程中出现的面内纤维断裂与压缩,基体开裂与挤裂。在使用Abaqus软件进行数值模拟计算时,自编的用户子程序VUMAT和Cohe-sive模型分别实现了复合材料面板的损伤和层间分层。通过对层合板在不同能量下的低速冲击的有限元模拟发现,模拟得到的分层损伤形状和面积、冲头最大挠度、接触力和凹坑深度都与试验结果吻合较好。     

复合材料外物损伤规律及损伤后拉伸疲劳研究

为研究复合材料受外力冲击的规律和冲击后疲劳的特性,分别使用200 m/s、300 m/s的冲击速度、直径4 mm、3 mm的钢珠以90°和30°入射角度冲击复合材料层合板,模拟外物损伤的过程,共设计了24组冲击试验和9组疲劳试验。根据结果比对冲击速度、冲击物大小、冲击角度对冲击损伤的影响,分别对复合材料层合板损伤的长度、宽度和深度进行研究。对冲击后的层合板进行拉伸疲劳试验,根据所得到的疲劳极限,建立冲击损伤长度、宽度、深度和疲劳强度的关系。结果表明：相对于冲击角度,冲击物大小变化对层合板损伤影响更大,冲击速度的影响最小;疲劳强度与损伤长度和宽度的相关性较为明显,而与损伤深度的相关性较小。     

基于内聚单元的复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟

建立了一套有限元模型来预测复合材料正交层合板由低速冲击载荷引起的层间应力及损伤。采用连续壳单元模拟层合板的各个单层,在复合材料层合板的可能损伤区域设置内聚单元模拟面内基体裂纹和层间分层损伤的起始和扩展。引入层间摩擦力模型模拟层间压缩应力对分层损伤的抑制作用。对于正交层合板,有限元模型准确的模拟了低速冲击载荷引起的分层损伤的面积和形状。数值模拟结果也表明面内基体裂纹与层间分层存在着相互作用关系,基体裂纹影响着分层损伤预测的准确性。有限元模拟结果和试验结果的对比表明,基于内聚单元的有限元模型可以用在复合材料正交层合板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟中。     

冲击后复合材料板剩余抗拉强度影响因素分析

应用提出的全程分析方法和三维逐渐累积损伤理论,对层合板的冲击过程以及冲击后含损伤层合板在拉伸载荷下的破坏过程进行详细分析.研究不同冲击能量、不同材料的冲头、不同复合材料体系和不同铺层方式等因素对层合板冲击损伤及剩余抗拉强度的影响规律,为更有效地进行复合材料抗冲击结构设计提供一定的指导作用.     

纤维环向缠绕复合材料气瓶冲击损伤容限研究

为研究纤维缠绕复合材料层CNG气瓶冲击后损伤容限问题,采用疲劳应变比率作为损伤变量,建立疲劳累积损伤模型;对气瓶缠绕层的冲击损伤剩余强度采用开孔等效计算方法,应用Nuismer—Whitney平均应力准则,关联疲劳累积损伤函数中的最大应力与拉伸载荷下的含孔层合板剩余强度的关系,建立适用于在疲劳载荷下的含孔层合板结构剩余强度的估算方法,用于复合材料CNG气瓶冲击剩余强度的预测。结果表明,文中提出的分析模型预测结果与专家提出的复合材料气瓶冲击损伤评定标准基本吻合。     

利用超声成像分析不同复合材料层压结构冲击损伤行为

复合材料各向异性和吸能的特点,在受到外来冲击作用时容易产生损伤,呈现表里迥然不同的损伤行为和分布规律。为研究不同复合材料层压结构的冲击损伤行为,设计制备树脂传递模型工艺(Resin transfer molding, RTM)缝合和预浸料复合材料层压结构两种不同成型工艺的试样,通过冲击试验模拟复合材料在外力作用下产生的冲击损伤,采用超声反射法,通过点聚焦换能器对试样进行超声B扫描成像,揭示两种复合材料层压结构试样内部断面损伤行为及其扩展规律。试验结果表明,冲击引起的试样内部损伤比表面损伤要大得多;随着冲击能量在试样内部传递,会在不同深度铺层产生新的损伤,而且损伤分布并不仅沿层间界面扩展;冲击点附近和远离冲击点附近的内部损伤具有明显不同的分布规律;RTM缝编与预浸料复合材料结构呈现明显不同的损伤行为,其中RTM缝合复合材料结构中的纵向缝线,对冲击损伤在试样内部沿层间的扩展有显然的阻止作用。研究结果对更好地理解复合材料的损伤行为、寻找新的改进复合材料层压结构损伤行为的机制有非常重要的指导意义和帮助。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...