球面正压大气的波谱分析

本文对球面上有基流的正压大气小扰动进行了波谱分析。结果表明，此时存在三支波动：一支涡旋波和一对重力惯性波。实际大气中在扰动尺度不过分小的情况下，当基流的角速度为常数时，这三支波动均为离散谱；而当基流角速度有切变时，则涡旋波有连续谱存在，而重力惯性波则仅有离散谱。重力惯性波的频率远大于涡旋波的频率，前者是快波，后者是慢波，两者频率能明显区分。     

球面-Rossby波的波谱分析和计算

用正压涡度方程分析了球面-Rossby波的波谱特征,给出了连续谱出现的条件和范围,计算出了球面-Rossby波的特征结构。结果表明:球面-Rossby波在基流角速度存在切变时可出现连续谱,其波谱是由离散谱和连续谱共同组成,连续谱和离散谱的谱函数不同,离散谱的谱函数表现为在子午圈上不同节点的波动,而连续谱的谱的谱函数表现为在子午圈上的某个纬度上出现了跳跃。     

PIV EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF FLOW STRUCTURE IN RECTANGULAR CHANNEL WITH TRANSVERSELY PLACED SPIRAL COIL INSERT

The flow field in a rectangular channel with a transversely placed spiral coil insert is investigated by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements in both transverse and longitudinal sections. The experimental results show that multi-longitudinal vortices are induced downstream of the spiral coil and are distributed as a symmetrical vortex array along the horizontal central line of the transverse section. Along the mainstream, due to the spiral motion of the longitudinal vortices, the velocity fluctuates in a manner of the damped sinusoidal curve and the velocity component in the wall normal direction is improved in the channel. Compared with the flow field in a smooth channel it is found that the movement of the longitudinal vortices can cause a continuous disturbance near the channel walls and thus enhances the fluid velocity in the near wall region, which consequently leads to the reduction of the velocity gradient and a more uniform velocity distribution. With the increase of the Reynolds number, the induced longitudinal vortices gain strength and become straighter and closer to the channel walls, thus the turbulence intensity is further enhanced in this area.     

直埋式蜗壳结构动力响应特性真机测试分析研究

水电站直埋式蜗壳的钢衬和外围混凝土完全联合承载,蜗壳内部的静动态内水压力很大的比例可以外传至外围混凝土结构,从而引起蜗壳结构较大的振动反应。采用数学统计和Welch法的功率谱估计分析方法,针对机组升负荷运行时蜗壳振动测试信号进行分析处理。结果表明,在升负荷运行时,尾水管脉动压力为主要水力振源;蜗壳内部脉动压力、蜗壳外围加速度与尾水管脉动压力变化趋势基本相同;同时揭示了直埋式蜗壳脉动压力振动能量的衰减、传递规律。可为直埋式蜗壳的机组与厂房的振动评估及动力反馈分析提供可靠的依据。     

EXPLICIT SIMULATION ON THE TRACK AND INTENSITY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE WINNIE （1997）

1. INTRODUCTION The Tropical Cyclone (TC) is a localized vortex characterized by strong multiscale interactions. Its horizontal extent is typically several hundred to a thousand kilometers, but the energy responsible for the whole system is mainly release…     

基于熵产理论的水轮机尾水管涡带研究

为了研究水泵水轮机部分负荷工况尾水管涡带产生的原因和压力脉动特性,本文以模型水泵水轮机为研究对象,对内部流动进行了全流道三维数值模拟并采用熵产理论进行了分析。计算结果分析表明:数值模拟与实验值吻合较好;固定导叶和蜗壳内的总熵产很小,而转轮和尾水管内较大,在小流量工况叶片压力面产生的流动分离会导致高熵产率分布区域的出现,并且会随着流量的进一步减小而扩大;在部分负荷出现了粗壮型和纤细形两种涡带,均呈现螺旋形,涡带的形成与叶片出口环量偏离零环量有很大关系;涡带的出现会在尾水管内形成漩涡,阻塞尾水管通道,涡带跟随转轮同方向旋转,但是转速更低,因此尾水管出现幅值较大的低频压力脉动。     

Milestones of Research on the Physical Limnology of the Great Lakes

Two important themes of research on the physical limnology of the Great Lakes during the past 20 years have been: (1) the controlling influence of bottom topography on circulation and (2) the boundary layer character of circulation. The first is highlighted by the generation of topographic gyres by wind and by the propagation of vortex wave modes; the second by the distinct current-climatology of the coastal boundary layer and the spectacular upwelling and downwelling events occurring there. Both themes developed as advances in theoretical insight could be quantitatively coupled to observational evidence, the latter arising predominantly from the International Field Year on the Great Lakes.     

LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL VORTICAL STRUCTURES FOR AN IMPINGING TRANSVERSE JET IN THE NEAR REGION

The three-dimensional vortical structures for an impinging transverse jet in the near region were numerically investigated by means of Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). The LES results reproduced the skewed jet shear layer vortices close to the jet nozzle and the scarf vortex in the near-wall zone, in good agreement with the experimental observations. Different vortical modes in the skewed jet shear layer close to the jet nozzle were identified depending upon the velocity ratio between jet and crossflow, namely changing from an approximately axisymmetric mode to a helical one with the velocity ratios varying from 20 to 8. Moreover, the scarf vortex wrapped around the impinging jet in the near-wall zone showed distinct asymmetry with regard to its bilateral spiral legs within the near region. And the entrainment of the ambient crossflow fluids by the scarf vortex in the near-wall zone was appreciably influenced by its asymmetry and in a large part occurred on the surface of the spiral roller structures in the course of spreading downstream.     

摆动柔性鳍尾涡流场的实验测试与分析

利用数字式粒子图像测速系统(DPIV)开展了摆动柔性鳍的尾流场测?分析了尾涡结构的演变过程.柔性尾鳍在一个摆动周期内产生两个反向卡门涡对.本文给出了沿涡对连线及其垂直方向上的速度分布,计算了涡对的速度环量,并初步构建出柔性尾鳍流场中的三维涡环模型.     

大气湍流的Hilbert-Huang变换分析

该文首先介绍了N.E Huang最近提出的Hilbert-Huang变换方法。该方法包括经验模态分解和Hilbert谱分析两个部分.然后使用该方法分析了某一观测站测量得到的大气三维风速。结果表明，经验模态分解得到的主要含能模态物理意义清晰,相应的瞬时频率存在着明显的波内频率调制，这说明大尺度的相干结构控制着大气运动，同时这些相干结构在空间演化过程中存在着变形、耗散以及破碎等非线性作用。同时还发现Hilbert边际谱在更低的频率附近结束惯性子区并进入耗散区。     

Physical and numerical modeling of swirling flow in a scroll vortex intake

Scroll vortex intakes are hydraulic structures commonly used in water supply, drainage and sewerage systems. Water flows into the intake via an eccentric approach channel and a vortex chamber imparts swirl to the flow, leading to a stable air core vortex along the dropshaft. Although much effort has been devoted to investigate the scroll vortex flow, yet the understanding on its hydraulic characteristics is still far from complete due to a lack of detailed velocity field measurements. This paper presents the first comprehensive measurement of the three-dimensional (3D) flow field of a scroll vortex intake using non-intrusive Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA). A validated 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model with the Volume-Of-Fluid (VOF) method is developed for interpreting the measurement. It is found that the vortex flow in the scroll chamber resembles a free vortex and the circulation is approximately equal to that at the chamber inlet, with a thin bottom boundary layer. The vortex flow at the bellmouth outlet possesses a circulation constant smaller than that in the chamber, and its vertical velocity component is approximately constant across the flow thickness.     

随机波浪作用下底部层流边界层剪应力谱的研究

本文在随机波浪底部剪应力的研究中引入了波浪谱的概念。根据浅水波的特点，将波浪谱作为输入谱，通过传递函数确定作为输出谱的随机波浪作用下的底部剪应力谱。本研究中研制了一套底部剪应力测量仪。对于层流边界层得到了底部剪应力谱的理论解，并得到了实验的检验。     

EXPERIMENT ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF 3-D VORTEX RING BEHIND A FLEXIBLE OSCILLATING CAUDAL FIN

A test for the wake vortex of a flexible oscillating caudal fin is carried out with Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV), and the variation of vortex distance and the vorticity in the range of oscillating frequency from 0.704 Hz to 1.17 Hz are analyzed. It is found that with the increase of the oscillating frequency, the vortex distance decreases and the peak of the vorticity increases, When the Strouhal number is smaller than 0.49, a larger thrust component is obtained. The distribution of the velocity circulation and the vortex distance in the different spanwise section of the caudal fin are given, and then the dimension of the vortex ring is determined. The radius of the vortex ring is 79.3 mm and the average velocity circulation is 28152.9 mm²/s at the oscillating frequency of 0.835 Hz. The model of 3-D vortex ring chain of flexible oscillating caudal fin is constructed based on the information of wake vortex field. Finally, an effective analysis method is provided for establishing the relationship of oscillating parameters for the caudal fin and the wake structure and the intrinsic mechanism of efficient fish swimming is investigated.     

应力波小波域谱分析的岩土介质损伤诊断

将小波分析理论与岩土介质损伤诊断相结合，提出了解析小波域能量密度谱、实小波域模谱和实小波域模极大谱三谱相辅的应力波小波域谱分析岩土介质损伤诊断的思路。在对Cmorlet和DoG小波及其变换性质分析后，将两小波联合，进而发展了新颖而有效的岩土介质损伤诊断技术，应用于地下水泥土连续墙的损伤诊断结果表明，该方法有效可行。     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF EFFECT OF WAVE AROUND SINGLE BREAK-WATER WITH THE SWAN MODEL

A new version of the Stimulating Wave Nearshore(SWAN)model(version 40.51)was used to stimulate the evolution of directional irregular wave near a single breakwater and the Wen spectrum was adopted as an input spectrum.The wave diffraction effect of irregular wave,which is the main improvement compared with the previous SWAN versions,was tested with the experimental data of single breakwater collected in the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering(SLCOE)at Dalian University of Technology(DUT)and the stimulated results of Wu Yan and JONSWAP spectrum as input data,respectively.By comparing the results in four cases,it is seen that the results stimulated by the SWAN model with the JONSWAP or Wen spectra are better than those with Wu's spectrum,and the results simulated with the Wen spectrum is little larger than those with the JONSWAP spectrum and more closely approximated to the measured data compared to the results with the JONSWAP spectrum.It is then concluded that the new SWAN model with the Wen spectrum can be well used to stimulate wave diffraction around a single breakwater.     

A NUMERICAL STUDY ON VORTEX RINGS WITH SWIRL

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不同施工工艺下桥桩极限承载力仿真研究

为研究正循环成孔、螺旋钻成孔两种施工工艺下桥桩极限承载力,通过对现场静载荷试验进行有限元数值模拟,确定桩基极限承载力及桩侧摩阻力分布,将理论计算值、试验实测值及模拟计算值对比分析。分析结果表明,桩-土界面引入无厚度Goodman摩擦单元,并考虑地应力平衡,能较好模拟桩土真实状态;正循环成孔桩初期的极限承载力较螺旋钻成孔桩小,经过桩周土较长时间的固结,其极限承载力接近于螺旋钻成孔极限承载力;采用螺旋钻成孔的情况下,古土壤和老黄土极限侧摩阻力推荐值为75 kPa。     

基于超声波透射法的碾压混凝土凝结过程监测研究

碾压混凝土大坝的坝体结构具有成层性的结构特点,因此合理确定新拌碾压混凝土的凝结状态对于大坝施工质量的控制具有重要意义。应用超声波透射法可以实现对于水泥材料凝结过程的连续监测,可以更加科学地分析材料的凝结状态。本文对新拌碾压混凝土的凝结过程开展超声波透射试验研究,设计利用超声波透射法研究新拌碾压混凝土凝结过程的监测系统,改进了超声波透射法试验装置,使之更加适合碾压混凝土材料的试验; 利用小波阈值降噪方法对试验接收到的超声波信号进行了降噪处理,选取适合试验信号的小波基和阈值计算方法,提高了超声波参数提取的准确性; 分析新拌碾压混凝土中超声波波速的发展规律,提出根据波速以及波速变化率曲线特征点确定碾压混凝土凝结时间的方法; 对不同粉煤灰含量的碾压混凝土试验结果表明,超声波波速对粉煤灰掺量的变化非常敏感,高粉煤灰掺量的拌和物中超声波波速值低于低粉煤灰掺量的对应值; 对超声波频谱演化规律进行分析,总结碾压混凝土凝结过程中各阶段的频谱特征,提出了基于超声波频谱分析的碾压混凝土凝结状态的快速判断方法。     

HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF VERTICAL VORTEX AT HYDRAULIC INTAKES

The trace of vertical vortex flow at hydraulic intakes is of the shape of spiral lines,which was observed in the presented experiments with the tracer technique. It represents the fluid particles flow spirally from the water surface to the underwater and rotate around the vortex-axis multi-cycle. This process is similar to the movement of screw. To describe the multi-circle spiral characteristics under the axisymmetric condition,the vertical vortex would change not only in the radial direction but also in the axial direction. The improved formulae for three velocity components for the vertical vortex flow were deduced by using the method of separation of variables in this article. In the improved formulae,the velocity components are the functions of the radial and axial coordinates,so the multi-circle spiral flow of vertical vortex could be simulated. The calculated and measured results for the vertical vortex flow were compared and the causes of errors were analyzed.     

波浪对蘑菇头式取水口吸气漩涡流态影响的试验研究

滨海蘑菇头式取水口进口流态受波浪影响明显,但波浪作用下的取水口吸气漩涡规律尚缺乏系统研究,如何防止进水口前产生有害吸气漩涡是进水口设计中急需解决的问题。以某滨海电厂取水口为例,采用物理模型试验方法,研究了波浪作用下的取水蘑菇头进水流态和吸气漩涡特征,分析了波浪影响下取水口防进气所需的最小淹没深度。试验结果表明,波浪会抑制取水口周缘形成稳定的吸气漩涡。取水蘑菇头在淹没深度不足时会随着波浪周期产生间歇式吸气,但进气量要比持续波谷水位时小。在预防有害吸气漩涡方面,波浪的存在可降低临界淹没深度值,设计实践中可对淹没深度规范公式(Gordon公式)加以修正使用,而修正系数的取值应根据波浪要素和取水口结构形式确定。研究结果可为类似工程设计提供参考。