Ti60合金在650～750℃高温下的氧化行为

研究了Ti60合金(Ti-5．6A1-4．8Sn-2．0Zr-1．0Mo-0．85Nd-0．34Si)在650～750℃下的高温氧化行为；采用恒温或循环氧化增重方法、氧化速度常数、活度等理论计算研究了合金氧化的热力学和动力学规律；用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法，研究氧化膜的表面形貌和结构；采用俄歇电子能谱(AES)分析元素沿深度方向的分布，研究元素在氧化过程中的扩散行为。研究结果表明：Ti60合金在650℃和700℃有较好的抗氧化性能，其循环氧化动力学曲线基本上符合抛物线规律；在750℃，氧化严重，其循环氧化动力学曲线近似符合抛物线一直线规律。氧化层由金红石结构的TiO2氧化物和少量的Al2O3组成。氧化表面形貌为网篮状组织，这是由于α相和β相的成分和结构不同，界面扩散和体扩散差异导致的氧化程度不同所造成的。稀土第二相处氧化严重，表面裂纹大多产生于稀土第二相颗粒。     

Cr在Ti-Al-Cr合金抗高温氧化过程中的作用研究

研究了Ti-50Al,Ti-50Al-15Cr.Ti-45Al-15Cr和Ti-67Al-8Cr(原子分数%)合金在900-1000℃下的高温氧化性能.结果表明:Ti-50Al-15Cr,Ti-45Al-15Cr和Ti-67Al-8Cr均表现出优良的抗氧化性能,氧化后表面主要是α-Al2O3及少量的TiO2组成.Ti-50Al-15Cr,Ti-67Al-8Cr和Ti-45Al-15Cr合金良好的抗高温氧化性能归于Cr在合金抗氧化过程中起到了吸氧效应的作用.另外发现对于Ti-50Al-15Cr和Ti-67Al-8Cr均发生了950℃时的氧化增重比1000℃时的氧化增重大,这是由于Cr的加入使Ti的活性降低的缘故.     

Ti_3Al+11Nb合金的氧化及Nb的作用

用光学金相、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、电子探针等方法对Ti3Al+11Nb合金经高温氧化后的表面状况、断口形貌、显微组织、氧化层结构、元素在氧化层中的分布等氧化特征进行分析,并讨论了Nb对该合金抗氧化性能的影响。     

Co对Ti45Al-8Nb-0.3Y合金组织结构和高温抗氧化性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用真空电弧非自耗熔炼方法制备Ti45Al-8Nb-0.3Y-m Co(m=0,0.5,1,2,原子分数/%,下同)合金,研究合金的组织和高温抗氧化性能。结果表明:Co能够明显细化TiAl-Nb合金组织,但对合金中α_(2)+γ片层组织的形成具有较强烈的抑制作用,并且会促进富Co的B_(2)相析出。Ti45Al-8Nb-0.3Y-mCo合金在1000℃空气中氧化100 h后形成的氧化膜均主要由较为疏松的TiO_(2)和Al_(2)O_(3)混合组成,且TiAl-Nb-0.3Y合金的氧化增重随Co含量增加而增大,但氧化膜的抗剥落能力随Co含量增加而明显提高;添加Co能够在一定程度上降低氧化膜的内应力,对提高其抗剥落性能有益,但引起的粗大B_(2)相析出削弱了合金的高温抗氧化性能。     

定向凝固Ti-(43-48)Al-2Cr-2Nb合金的显微组织和性能

研究了Al含量对冷坩埚定向凝固Ti-(43-48)Al-2Cr-2Nb合金的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Ti-(43-48)Al-2Cr-2Nb合金的定向凝固组织主要由α₂相和γ相组成,随着Al含量的提高α₂相逐渐减少而γ相含量提高,且其显微组织片层由以平行片层和45°片层为主的混合片层向垂直混合片层转变;Al含量(48%,原子分数)较高的Ti-(43-48)Al-2Cr-2Nb合金其片层取向与应力方向垂直,具有较高的抗压强度和较低的塑性;Al含量(45%,原子分数)适中的合金其片层取向与应力方向平行,具有较高的强度、室温延伸率和综合性能。     

Nb含量及相结构对TiNb二元合金系腐蚀性能的影响

对不同Nb含量的Ti-Nb合金(25w%～45 w%Nb)及经过不同热处理的Ti～25Nb合金,用XRD分析其相组成,同时在对3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀性能进行测试.着重考察Nb含量及相结构对Ti-Nb合金腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,Ti-Nb合金系表现出较宽的钝化区域和较小的钝化电流密度,因而具有良好的抗腐蚀性能;随着Nb含量的增加,该合金的钝化电流密度先减小后增加,其中Ti-35Nb表现出最佳的抗腐蚀性能;合金的相结构对合金的电化学腐蚀有一定的影响,单相马氏体α"组织较两相组织具有更优越的抗腐蚀性能.     

多元合金化强化TiN复合镀层的研究进展

多元合金化是提高TiN镀层的有效途径之一,也是目前研究的热点.本研究综述了多元合金强化TiN复合镀层的最新进展,详述了Ti(CxN1-x),(Ti,Al)N,(Ti,Nb)N,Ti-Si-N,Ti-B-N,Ti-C3N4复合镀层的工艺、结构和性能,指出了今后TiN镀层的研究方向.     

微弧氧化处理对钛铌合金力学及摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用微弧氧化的方法于磷酸盐电解液中在二元β型TiNbx(x=5,10,15,20,25)合金表面制备了微弧氧化涂层。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征各合金表面微弧氧化涂层的物相组成和微观形貌。采用纳米压痕仪、球-盘摩擦磨损实验仪分析了微弧氧化处理对钛铌合金力学性能、耐磨性的影响。结果表明,通过微弧氧化处理可以有效的在各基体表面制备出氧化涂层,表面微孔数目及大小无明显差别,拥有相似的致密度,氧化涂层主要由TiO₂相组成。随着基体Nb含量的增加,各基体表面微弧氧化涂层的硬度值与弹性模量表现出相同的变化趋势,Ti-15Nb合金表面微弧氧化涂层的硬度值和弹性模量值最大。经过微弧氧化处理后,Ti-5Nb和Ti-15Nb表面摩擦系数与基体相近,并无减摩效果;Ti-10Nb、Ti-20Nb和Ti-25Nb表面摩擦系数下降了55%以上,主要磨损机制由磨粒磨损变为粘着磨损,改善了合金的耐磨性能。     

Al含量对(Ti,Al)N涂层结构性能的影响

(Ti，A1)N是20世纪80年代末期在TiN基础上发展起来的一种新型多元涂层材料。由于加入Al元素，(Ti，Al)N不但硬度、耐磨性优于TiN，而且大大改善了涂层的抗高温氧化性能。综述了Al元素在(Ti，Al)N涂层中的作用机理，以及Al含量对(Ti，Al)N涂层的晶体结构、抗高温氧化、硬度和耐磨性的影响。指出当Ti和Al的比例近似为1：1时，(Ti，Al)N涂层将获得优越的综合使用性能。     

元素粉末法制备TiAl金属间化合物的研究进展

元素粉末冶金因具有成本低、制备的合金组织均匀细小等优点而受到广泛关注。简要介绍了元素粉末法制备TiAl合金的研究进展,主要从反应机理、致密化行为和力学性能等方面进行综述。研究表明,Ti与Al元素的反应由扩散控制,借助TiAl3和TiAl2等中间相最终得到Ti3Al和TiAl相共存的反应产物。在高Nb–TiAl合金的Ti–Al–Nb三元系中,Nb元素主要通过形成中间产物——Nb–Al化合物最终均匀分布在基体相中。从原料和工艺两个角度总结了元素粉末法制备TiAl合金过程中影响致密化的因素,介绍了提高元素粉末法制备TiAl合金的热加工和力学性能的方法,总结了近年来元素粉末法制备TiAl合金的力学性能研究成果。目前来看,元素粉末法制备的TiAl合金力学性能已达到变形合金的水平。     

Ceramic-ceramic. composites II

The growth mechanisms of the oxide scales of Ti-50Al and Ti-45Al-8Nb (at%) alloys at 900°C in air were investigated. The results revealed that the oxidation of γ-TiAl alloys during experiments was divided into four stages. The Ti-50Al alloy showed severe spallation after 3 h of oxidation. Nb addition to γ-TiAl alloys could improve the oxidation resistance effectively. The oxide scale growth was much slower and every oxide layer was more chemically uniform and homogeneous with Nb addition. The Ti-45Al-8Nb alloy showed no spallation even after 100 h of oxidation.     

Modification of Microstructure for Improved Oxidation Resistance in γ-Based Ti-Al-X Alloys

The effect of microstructural refinement on the oxidation behavior of γ + laves Ti-45Al-15Cr and γ + σ Ti-40Al-27Nb was investigated. A fine, uniform γ + laves microstructure in Ti-45Al-15Cr resulted in protective alumina scale formation over most of the sample surface at 800°C and 1000°C in air. In contrast, the oxidation resistance of this same alloy was severely degraded by a coarse γ + laves microstructure. The oxidation behavior of Ti-40Al-27Nb at 1200°C in air was poor. Refinement of the γ + σ microstructure in this alloy was not effective in improving oxidation resistance. The mechanistic reasons for these effects, and the implications for improved oxidation resistance through microstructural refinement are discussed.     

Corrosion behavior of a low modulus β-Ti-45%Nb alloy for use in medical implants

The corrosion and electrochemical behavior of a low stiffness β -Ti-45wt.%Nb (Ti45Nb) was studied in solutions that resemble body environment, as compared to Ti6Al4V and Ti-55wt.%Ni (Ti55Ni, Nitinol) alloys currently used in surgical implants. In Ringers' solution, Ti45Nb alloy exhibited an excellent corrosion resistance, comparable to that of Ti6Al4V and much better than that of Nitinol. In acidic environments, β -Ti45Nb remained passive under conditions where active dissolution was observed for both Ti6Al4V and Nitinol alloys. The results warrant further corrosion and biocompatibility studies of β -Ti45Nb alloy to establish its suitability as implant material.     

PIRAC Ti nitride coated Ti–6Al–4V head against UHMWPE acetabular cup–hip wear simulator study

Wear behaviour of TiN(titanium nitride)-coated Ti and Ti-6AI-4V alloy against UHMW polyethylene was studied in hip simulation test. Ti alloys possess an excellent combination of mechanical properties and biocompatibility, however, they suffer from inadequate wear resistance. Thus, their use as articulating components of total joint replacements requires surface hardening, e.g. by TiN. Thirty-two millimetre diameter cp-Ti and Ti-6AI-4V femoral heads were coated with several micrometre thick TiN layers employing an original PIRAC nitriding method based on interaction of Ti alloy substrate with highly reactive monatomic nitrogen. The heads were tested against UHMWPE cups at 37 degrees C in Ringer's solution or in distilled water. Simulator tests were performed at peak pressures of 1.5 and 2.0 MPa in a constant rotation mode at the frequency of 1.5 Hz. The wear of UHMWPE was estimated by weight loss, and the worn metallic and polyethylene surfaces were examined in SEM. The wear rate of UHMWPE cups articulating against PIRAC coated Ti and Ti-6AI-4V after up to 4 x 10(6) cycles was significantly lower than that of UHMWPE articulating against 316L stainless steel. No delamination of TiN coatings was observed after 4 x 10(6) cycles. These results suggest that TiN PIRAC coating on Ti-6AI-4V heads could minimise the wear of total hip replacements without compromising the mechanical properties of the femoral component.     

Protective Effect of the Sputtered TiAlCrAg Coating on the High-Temperature Oxidation and Hot Corrosion Resistance of Ti-Al-Nb Alloy

The effect of a sputtered Ti-48AI-8Cr-2Ag (at. pct) coating on the oxidation resistance of the cast Ti-46.5AI-5Nb (at. pct) alloy was investigated in air at 1000-1100℃. Hot corrosion in molten 75 wt pct Na2SO4+25 wt pct K2SO4 was investigated at 900℃. The scale on the cast TiAINb tends to spall in air, while the scale on coating is very adherent. The sputtered Ti-48AI-8Cr-2Ag coating remarkably improved high temperature oxidation resistance of the cast Ti-46.5AI-5Nb alloy because of the formation of an adherent Al2O3 scale. Due to the inward diffusion of Cr, Kirkendall voids were found at the coating/substrate interface. TiAICrAg coating provided excellent hot corrosion resistance for TiAINb alloy in molten 75 wt pct Na2SO4+25 wt pct K2S04 at 900℃ due to the formation of a continuous Al2O3 scale.     

Ti35Nb7Zr-xHA生物复合材料的微观组织与性能研究

为了改善Ti-Nb-Zr合金的生物活性,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了不同羟基磷灰石(HA)含量的Ti35Nb7Zr-xHA(x=0、5、10、20(质量分数,%))生物复合材料,研究了HA含量对复合材料微观组织、力学性能及体外生物活性的影响。结果表明,复合材料主要由β-Ti、α-Ti、HA及陶瓷相(Ti_xP_y、CaTiO_3、Ti_2O、CaO)组成;HA含量增加会导致β-Ti减少而α-Ti和陶瓷相明显增多;与Ti-35Nb-7Zr合金(E:45GPa,σ:1 736 MPa)相比,HA含量为5%和10%时,复合材料的抗压强度分别为1 662MPa和1 593MPa,弹性模量分别为48GPa和49GPa,综合力学性能与Ti-35Nb-7Zr合金接近,展现出良好的力学性能,而过高的HA含量(20%)会导致复合材料弹性模量明显升高(E:55GPa)、抗压强度急剧下降(σ:958 MPa),复合材料的力学性能降低;体外生物活性实验表明,加入10%HA的复合材料在人工模拟体液(SBF)中浸泡7d后表面生成了大量的类骨磷灰石层,与Ti-35Nb-7Zr合金相比,其显示出更优异的体外生物活性。     

铌硅化物基超高温合金Si-Y2O3共渗涂层的组织及其高温抗氧化性能

采用Si-Y₂O₃包埋共渗工艺在铌硅化物基超高温合金表面制备Y改性的硅化物涂层, 研究其在1250℃的恒温氧化性能. 采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)与X射线衍射(XRD)分析Si-Y₂O₃共渗涂层氧化前后的物相组成和组织变化. 结果表明：涂层具有明显分层的结构, 由外至内依次为(Nb,X)Si₂(X表示Ti, Hf和Cr)外层和(Nb,X)₅Si₃过渡层, 在过渡层与基体之间有不连续分布的细小(Cr,Al)₂(Nb,Ti)块状沉淀. EDS分析表明, 涂层中的Y分布是不均匀的, (Cr,Al)₂(Nb,Ti)相的Y含量为0.94at%左右, 而(Nb,X)Si₂和(Nb,X)₅Si₃相的Y含量为0.46at%～0.57at%. 经1250℃分别氧化5, 10, 20, 50和100h后, Si-Y₂O₃共渗涂层保持其原始的相组成, 并在其表面形成以TiO₂、 SiO₂和Cr₂O₃组成的致密混合氧化膜, 且与基体结合良好.     

In situ surface oxidation of Ti-44Al-11Nb alloy at room temperature

The in situ surface oxidation of polycrystalline Ti-44Al-11Nb (compositions are in atomic %) alloy was studied at room temperature in an ultrahigh vacuum (66.6 to 80.0 nPa). The native oxide of Ti-44Al-11Nb was removed by sputtering the surface using 2.8 kV argon ions and then high-purity oxygen was carefully dosed onto the aluminide surface. After each oxygen dosing the surface species, metallic states and oxidized states, were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After analyzing the binding energy shifts and the concentration of oxidized species, aluminum oxidized first, then titanium followed by niobium. A reaction sequence model, incorporating the rate-determining step of a dissociative adsorption of oxygen, shows to be consistent with the initial oxidation rate of the Ti-44Al-11Nb intermetallic.     

XPS characterization of surface modified titanium alloys for use as biomaterials

Three different Ti alloys of biomedical interest have been studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine their surface chemical composition in both as-received condition and after oxidation at 750 °C in air for different times. Compositions of the investigated alloys were, in wt.%, Ti-7Nb-6Al, Ti-13Nb-13Zr and Ti-15Zr-4Nb. XPS analyses showed a behaviour of the Ti-7Nb-6Al alloy different from that of the two TiNbZr alloys, evidencing the role of the chemical composition of the alloys on the oxidation mechanisms. The oxidation process generates an aluminium-oxide rich surface on the Ti-7Nb-6Al, while in the case of the TiNbZr alloys a titanium-oxide rich layer is formed. The effect of the heat treatment on the contribution of the minority elements at the surface is also discussed.