Zn-β-磷酸钙/Ti生物复合材料组织及性能

采用化学沉淀法制备掺杂Zn的β-磷酸钙（β-TCP）粉末,Zn-β-TCP与Ti粉以3∶7（质量比）混合均匀经真空烧结得到Zn-β-TCP/Ti生物复合材料。结合金相观察、SEM、XRD等进行微观组织和表面形貌观察、物相分析,并进行显微硬度、摩粒磨损、单轴压缩和体外生物活性测试。结果表明：Zn-β-TCP粉体中粒径（D₅₀）集中在1~20 μm。β-TCP/Ti生物复合材料成分为TiO₂、Ti、β-TCP和CaTiO₃,Zn-β-TCP/Ti复合材料成分为TiO₂、Ti、β-TCP、CaTiO₃和ZnO,Zn²⁺固溶到β-TCP晶格使衍射峰偏移,掺杂10mol% Zn的偏移角度最大。β-TCP结晶度随Zn掺杂量的增大而降低。β-TCP/Ti复合材料的TiO₂相弥散分布在网状β-TCP相中,Zn摩尔分数为10mol%时,Zn-β-TCP/Ti复合材料的孔隙孔径在200~300 μm,满足工程支架材料的要求,且硬度最高为HV 346.2,磨损率最低为0.051 mgmm^-2,抗压强度在130~180 MPa之间,弹性模量最大为8.021 GPa,Zn的加入提高了β-TCP/Ti复合材料的力学性能。类骨磷灰石的积累随在模拟体液中浸泡时间的延长而增多,Zn-β-TCP/Ti生物复合材料具有良好的生物活性。     

放电等离子体烧结制备Mg85Zn6Y9颗粒增强Mg-9Al-1Zn复合材料组织与力学性能

采用高能球磨法和放电等离子体烧结（SPS）技术,以包含100%长周期堆垛有序结构（LPSO）相Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉镁合金为原料,通过将其球磨成纳米晶颗粒后与Mg-9Al-1Zn（AZ91）镁合金雾化颗粒进行机械混合,并在350℃烧结温度下成功制备出不同质量分数（0~30wt%）的LPSO相Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉颗粒增强AZ91复合材料（Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉/AZ91）。采用光学显微镜（OM）、SEM及TEM对Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉/AZ91复合材料的微观组织结构进行表征;采用XRD分析其固溶处理前后的相转变;与此同时对复合材料进行显微硬度与压缩试验,综合研究其微观组织与力学性能的关系。相关结果表明,Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉颗粒经3 h高能球磨后颗粒尺寸显著减小,硬度随晶粒细化而提升。Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉增强颗粒主要分布在AZ91基体颗粒边界处,随着Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉质量分数的增加,增强相颗粒有相互结合成连续网格状趋势。增强颗粒与基体界面处未见明显过渡层,基体界面处的β相经400℃×24 h固溶处理后进入基体,部分增强颗粒亦转变为Mg相。本实验条件下制备的最佳性能的20wt% Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉/AZ91复合材料经固溶处理后的室温屈服强度从200 MPa转变为230 MPa,屈服强度均较未添加Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉的AZ91镁合金有较大的提高。     

原位合成Mg2Sip/Al复合材料的组织及性能研究

采用熔体直接反应法成功制备了Mg2Sip/Al复合材料,研究了Mg2Si颗粒含量及530℃固溶6h+173℃时效5h热处理对复合材料组织和性能的影响,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等分析了复合材料的物相和显微组织,并测试了其力学性能。结果表明,随着Mg2Si颗粒含量的增加,在一定范围内,铸态复合材料基体的晶粒尺寸随之变小;热处理后Mg2Si颗粒名义含量4%(质量分数)的复合材料析出的二次相颗粒较名义含量5%(质量分数)的复合材料更多,二次相颗粒平均尺寸均约为4μm,且颗粒名义含量4%(质量分数)的复合材料热处理后抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到280MPa和9%,较热处理前分别提高了24.44%和63.64%     

原位ZrB2p/Al复合材料的制备及其力学性能研究

以Al-10%(质量分数)Zr和Al-3%(质量分数)B合金为原料,在高能超声作用下采用熔体直接反应法成功地制备了ZrB2p/Al复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等分析了复合材料的物相和显微组织,并测试了其力学性能。结果表明,经过高能超声处理后,复合材料中的ZrB2颗粒尺寸更小,分布也更均匀。复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到94、81MPa和14.5%,较未施加高能超声场的复合材料分别提高了10.6%、15.7%和16.0%。     

超声原位Mg2Si/AM60复合材料显微组织及力学性能的研究

采用熔体直接反应法与超声处理相结合制备原位Mg2Si/AM60复合材料,研究超声工艺对复合材料中第二相的形貌、分布、数量以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着超声处理时间的延长和功率的增加,复合材料中的半连续网状Mg17Al12细化成颗粒状,粗大的中国汉字状Mg2Si破碎成细小的中国汉字状、纤维状、颗粒状,其力学性能逐渐升高,但超声处理时间超过60s后,组织恶化,力学性能降低。超声处理时间 为60s、功 率 为600W制 备 的 复 合 材 料 中 的Mg17Al12、Mg2Si主要呈颗粒状且均匀分布,Mg17Al12的析出受到显著的抑制,其抗拉强度和伸长率较未超声时的178.24MPa、3.56%分别提高了10.4%、48.3%,达到196.75MPa、5.28%。     

镁-羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合材料的制备及表征

为改善羟基磷灰石(HA)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料降解后产生的局部酸性环境,提出Mg-HA/PLA复合材料的新体系,采用溶液共混法结合注塑工艺获得Mg-HA/PLA复合材料。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析复合材料的显微相貌及物相组成,电子拉伸试验机测试复合材料的力学性能,模拟体液浸泡分析其降解特性。结果表明,采用溶液共混结合注塑工艺可以制备该复合材料;HA与Mg在PLA基体中未出现明显的团聚;HA、Mg与PLA三者保持各自物相;与5%(质量分数)HA/PLA复合材料相比,1.5%(质量分数)Mg添加对5%(质量分数)HA/PLA复合材料的力学性能影响不明显;Mg-HA/PLA复合材料浸泡4周后的pH值为7.41,而HA/PLA复合材料则为6.95。     

SPS制备TiNi增强镁合金复合材料的微观结构及力学性能

以AZ31镁合金为基体,TiNi形状记忆合金丝为增强体,利用放电等离子烧结法（SPS）制备了TiNi/Mg复合材料,用OM、SEM、EDS对其微观形貌进行表征,并用XRD及DSC研究TiNi丝的相变,同时对该复合材料进行准静态拉伸实验,对其室温及高温力学性能进行研究。结果表明,所制备的TiNi/Mg复合材料中界面处存在Mg、Ti、Ni元素的互扩散现象,并形成宽度约为2 μm的互扩散层;所制备的TiNi/Mg复合材料的高温力学性能高于室温,其中其屈服强度、抗拉强度及弹性模量在100℃时（分别为157 MPa,292 MPa,22 GPa）较室温分别提高了12%、33%和29%,150℃时（分别为143 MPa,251 MPa,20 GPa）较室温分别提高了2%、14%和18%。     

Al-Ti体系原位合成Al_3Ti/ADC12复合材料

在超声场下,以Al-Ti为反应体系,采用熔体直接反应法原位合成Al_3Ti/ADC12复合材料。研究Ti加入量、超声时间以及功率对复合材料的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着超声功率的逐渐增加,Al3Ti颗粒尺寸变得愈加细小,分布也变得更为均匀;并且Ti的加入能够细化基体组织中的α-Al相,使其由原来的粗大树枝状逐渐转变为细小枝晶状、蔷薇状甚至近球状。然而,随着超声时间的增加,超声效果会出现先加强后减弱的趋势。Al_3Ti/ADC12复合材料的力学性能变化趋势与其组织变化趋势相一致,当Ti添加量为3%(质量分数)、超声功率为1.5kW、超声频率为20kHz、超声时间为6min时,其综合性能较好,抗拉强度达到247.34MPa,伸长率达到2.31%,比未施加超声的复合材料分别提高了21.3%和50.0%。     

几种不同改性剂对稻草/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯复合材料性能的影响

以稻草纤维及丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）为原料,分别以活性炭、Al₂O₃、SiO₂和硅烷偶联剂为增强改性剂,通过混炼-模压工艺制备了改性剂-稻草/ABS复合材料,对比研究了几种不同增强改性剂的增强效果及其增强机制。结果表明：硅烷偶联剂对稻草/ABS复合材料的增强效果较差,活性炭、Al₂O₃和SiO₂对稻草/ABS复合材料的增强均优于硅烷偶联剂,其中Al₂O₃的增强效果最佳。当Al₂O₃的添加量（Al₂O₃∶ABS质量比）为5%时,Al₂O₃-稻草/ABS复合材料的拉伸、弯曲及冲击强度分别达到最大值27.719 MPa、61.05 MPa和26.53 kJ/m²;当无机物添加量（无机物∶ABS质量比）为5%时,复合材料的耐水性能表现为：5% Al₂O₃ > 5%活性炭 > 5% SiO₂ > 未添加,与复合材料的力学性能梯度相符;改性剂-稻草/ABS复合材料的流变性能则表现为：5%活性炭 > 5% Al₂O₃ > 5% SiO₂ > 未添加。     

碳纳米管和石墨烯纳米片复合增强AZ91镁基复合材料组织与力学性能

目的 解决纳米碳材料在镁基体中分散难的瓶颈问题,制备出力学性能优异的镁合金复合材料。方法 采用超声工艺将质量分数为3.0%的碳纳米管插入到质量分数为0.5%的石墨烯纳米片的片层之间,添加到AZ91镁合金基体中,借助粉末冶金技术+热挤压工艺制备了0.5%GNS+3.0%CNTs复合增强的镁基复合材料。采用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察和分析了复合材料的显微组织和界面结合。测试了复合材料的力学性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的拉伸断口形貌。结果 复合材料的屈服强度、伸长率和显微硬度分别为（274±5.0）MPa,（8.4±0.2）%,HV（90.5±1.8）,与基体合金相比,分别提高了63.1%,20.0%,20.1%。结论 GNS+CNTs的加入有效细化了基体合金的晶粒组织,且与镁基体形成了较好的界面结合,促使细晶强化、应力转移强化等各种强化机制的共同作用,使复合材料力学性能显著提高。     

Microstructure,mechanical property and corrosion behavior of co-continuous β-TCP/MgCa composite manufactured by suction casting

The co-continuous β-TCP/MgCa composite was fabricated by infiltrating MgCa alloy into porous β-TCP using suction casting technique. The microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion behaviors of the composite have been evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical testing, electrochemical and immersion tests. It was shown that the composite structure was compact and the interfacial combination between MgCa alloy and β-TCP scaffold was very well. The composite had an ultimate compressive strength of (147 ± 13) MPa, which was near with the natural bone (2–180 MPa) and about 1000-fold higher than that of the original porous β-TCP scaffold, but it still retained over half of the strength of the MgCa bulk alloy. The electrochemical and immersion tests indicated that the corrosion resistance of the composite was better than that of the MgCa bulk alloy, and the corrosion rate of the MgCa matrix alloy was quicker than that of the porous scaffold for the composite. The corrosion products of the composite surface were mainly Mg(OH)₂, hydroxyapatite (HA) and Ca₃(PO₄)₂.     

热处理对网状结构TiB_W/Ti60复合材料组织与性能的影响

使用大尺寸球形Ti60钛合金粉与细小TiB2粉,通过低能球磨与反应热压烧结,成功制备了增强相呈网状分布的TiB晶须增强Ti60合金基(TiB_W/Ti60)复合材料。对TiB_W/Ti60复合材料进行热处理,以改善其组织结构与力学性能。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,TiB_W/Ti60复合材料基体中初生α相(密排六方相)含量减少,相应地转变β组织(α′(马氏体)+残留β相(体心立方相))含量增加,TiB_W/Ti60复合材料的抗拉强度升高,塑性降低;经过1 100℃/1h固溶处理之后,TiB_W/Ti60复合材料的室温抗拉强度为1 470 MPa,延伸率为1.9%。经过时效处理后,转变β组织中的α′相分解成细小α+β相。经过1 100℃/1h固溶+600℃/8h时效处理后TiB_W/Ti60复合材料的硬度达到HV538,抗拉强度达到1 552 MPa,延伸率为1.5%,经过1 000℃/1h固溶+600℃/8h时效处理,其抗拉强度达到1 460 MPa,延伸率为2.2%。     

Microstructure,mechanical property and corrosion behavior of interpenetrating (HA + β-TCP)/MgCa composite fabricated by suction casting

The novel interpenetrating (HA + β-TCP)/MgCa composites were fabricated by infiltrating MgCa alloy into porous HA + β-TCP using suction casting technique. The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors of the composites have been evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical testing, electrochemical and immersion tests. It was shown that the composites had compact structure and the interfacial bonding between MgCa alloy and HA + β-TCP scaffolds was very well. The ultimate compressive strength of the composites was about 500–1000 fold higher than that of the original porous scaffolds, and it still retained quarter-half of the strength of the bulk MgCa alloy. The electrochemical and immersion tests indicated that the corrosion resistance of the composites was better than that of the MgCa matrix alloy, and the corrosion products of the composite surface were mainly Mg(OH)₂, HA and Ca₃(PO₄)₂. Meanwhile, the mechanical and corrosive properties of the (HA + β-TCP)/MgCa composites were adjustable by the choice of HA content.     

Effect of Zr on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg–10Gd–3Y magnesium alloy

The influence of Zr on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg–10Gd–3Y (wt.%) magnesium alloy was investigated. The grain size of alloys decreased with Zr content from 0% to 0.93% (wt.%). The addition of Zr greatly improved the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the elongation (EL), while slightly improved the tensile yield strength (TYS). The UTS and the EL of the alloy containing 0.93% Zr increased by 125.8 MPa and 6.96% compared with base alloy, respectively. The corrosion resistances were found to decrease with Zr content from 0% to 0.42% and then increase from 0.42% to 0.93%. The differences in the sizes and distributions of the Zr-rich particles have significant effects on the corrosion behaviors. The alloy with 0.42% Zr addition revealed the optimum combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.     

Al含量对漂珠/镁合金可溶复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用搅拌铸造法制备了不同Al含量下的漂珠（FAC）/镁合金可溶复合材料。采用金相显微镜、SEM及XRD观察分析了FAC/镁合金可溶复合材料的微观组织、溶解表面形貌及溶解产物的物相组成,采用力学性能试验机研究了复合材料的压缩性能,采用电化学工作站对复合材料进行电化学性能测试,在常温及水浴锅内进行复合材料在不同温度下的KCl溶液中的溶解试验。结果表明：该FAC/镁合金可溶复合材料主要由α-Mg基体相、β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相、Mg₂Si相和MgO相组成。随着Al含量的增加,FAC/镁合金可溶复合材料的溶解速率先变快后减慢,在80℃的3wt% KCl溶液中,含15wt% Al的FAC/镁合金复合材料溶解速率最快,为56 mg/（h·cm²）。Al-FAC/镁合金可溶复合材料的抗压强度随Al含量的增加先提高后下降,四种合金的抗压强度均大于300 MPa,最高强度达到372 MPa。     

Fabrication of biodegradable nano-sized β-TCP/Mg composite by a novel melt shearing technology

Biodegradable magnesium-matrix composites have attracted increasing interest for application in implant material fields. In this study, a new type of nano-sized β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/Mg–3Zn–Ca composite was proposed and produced using a novel melt shearing technology combined with high-pressure die casting (HPDC) process. The effect of the mixing methods on the distribution of β-TCP particles was investigated. Microstructure evolution during solidification process was analysed and the mechanical properties of the composite were also evaluated. Compared with the conventional mechanical stirring, the agglomerate phenomenon of the β-TCP particles in the matrix can be decreased by using the high shear unit and further decreased by melt shearing in the MCAST unit. The results also showed that the main constitutes in the matrix of the β-TCP/Mg–3Zn–1Ca composite are α-Mg and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phase and most of the β-TCP particles are adjacent to the eutectic Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phase around the grain boundary. The average Vickers hardness, yield strength (0.2% YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elastic modulus and elongation of as-cast of this composite are 79.0, 125.4 MPa, 150.0 MPa, 45.3 GPa and 2.85%, respectively.     

新型Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金的微观组织、力学及耐腐蚀性能

设计了新型高钙铝比Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金,通过常温拉伸、失重法、pH测定和电化学测试等方法研究了合金的常温力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了基体和腐蚀产物相结构、合金显微组织以及腐蚀形貌。研究结果表明,这种镁锂合金形成Al2Ca相包围双基体(α-Mg+β-Li)的结构,挤压后基体组织和第二相粒子均明显细化。Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金的耐腐蚀性能优于一般镁锂合金,且随着挤压比的增大进一步提升。该合金的力学性能协调了镁锂合金的优良塑性和高钙铝比镁合金的高强度,拥有较高的抗拉强度(222 MPa)和延伸率(8.3%)。