GC-MS法检测肉制品中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)同时测定肉制品中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)。样品经乙腈提取后,气相色谱-质谱分析,选择离子扫描(SIM)。该方法能有效分离16种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物,其相关系数为0.995 1~0.999 6,检出限为0.01~0.03 mg/kg,平均加标回收率为73.23%~111.96%,RSD为1.18%~7.59%。采用该方法对火腿肠和培根中邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂进行检测,实际样品中检出DIBP、DBP和DEHP,可满足目前肉制品中邻苯二甲酸酯的检测要求。     

烟台市售塑料包装食用油中塑化剂监测及迁移分析

为了解烟台市售塑料包装食用油中塑化剂的污染水平,并初步预测随贮存时间延长塑化剂迁移含量的变化程度,选择烟台市商场、超市和农贸市场销售的塑料包装食用油样品20个,依据GB/T 21911—2008《食品中邻苯二甲酸酯的测定》,利用GC-MS对DEHP、DBP等16种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质进行检测。常温(20~26℃)下每周检测1次,连续检测样品12周。结果表明:样品中共检测出DIBP、DBP、DEHP和DINP 4种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质,最大值为0.430~4.020 mg/kg,DEHP检出率最高,为70.00%;样品中DEHP、DBP和DIBP的迁移含量随贮存时间延长逐渐增加,其中DIBP迁移含量与贮存时间呈现出对数曲线型变化;DEHP和DBP呈现出类似抛物线型变化;常温下,市售塑料包装食用油中塑化剂随着贮存时间的延长逐渐迁移,需进一步延长贮存时间评估潜在的迁移危害性及其影响因素。     

超低温冷冻除脂-气相色谱串联质谱法检测食用植物油中21种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了超低温冷冻除脂-气相色谱串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测食用植物油中21种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的新方法。样品用乙腈提取,经超低温(-80℃)冷冻10 min除脂,再经减压浓缩,以正己烷复溶,采用GC-MS/MS多反应监测模式进行测定。结果表明,在考察浓度范围(1~1000 ng/mL)内21种PAEs均呈现良好线性,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.10~8.52 μg/kg,定量限为0.32~28.40 μg/kg,加标回收率为74.31%~116.62%,相对标准偏差为1.21%~17.82%。对市售7类19个油样的抽样检测,显示邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸(2-丁氧基)乙酯(DBEP)、邻苯二甲酸二正庚酯(DHP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DNOP)共9种PAEs被检出,其中DMP、DBP、DBEP、DHP和DEHP检出率均大于90%,含量范围为105.57~2156.76 μg/kg。该方法操作简便,成本低,可用于食用植物油中PAEs的有效测定。     

GPC-GC-MS/MS测定植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物北大核心CSCD

建立了植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）净化-气相色谱三重四级杆串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）分析方法。样品经凝胶渗透色谱净化,用气相色谱三重四级杆串联质谱分析测定。邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物标准溶液在0.2~5.0μg/m L质量浓度范围内各组分线性关系较好,相关系数（r）在0.992 1以上;检出限（S=3N）为0.2~0.5μg/kg;添加水平为1.0、1.5、2.0mg/kg时,平均回收率为73.5%~93.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.1%~5.3%。结果表明,该方法操作简单、灵敏、准确,可用于植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的检测。     

GPC-GC-MS/MS测定植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

建立了植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化-气相色谱三重四级杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经凝胶渗透色谱净化,用气相色谱三重四级杆串联质谱分析测定。邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物标准溶液在0.2~5.0μg/m L质量浓度范围内各组分线性关系较好,相关系数(r)在0.992 1以上;检出限(S=3N)为0.2~0.5μg/kg;添加水平为1.0、1.5、2.0mg/kg时,平均回收率为73.5%~93.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.1%~5.3%。结果表明,该方法操作简单、灵敏、准确,可用于植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的检测。     

气相色谱串联质谱法测定植物油中的邻苯二甲酸酯

采用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法研究植物油中16种邻苯二甲酸酯的测定方法。样品以涡旋提取,以乙腈为提取溶剂,通过Qu ECh ERS方法净化。结果表明,该方法在20~2 000μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好;相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于9.8%(n=6);0.05,0.1和0.5 mg/kg加标水平下的回收率为80.1%~98.0%;16种邻苯二甲酸酯的检出限为1~100μg/kg。     

婴幼儿奶粉中邻苯二甲酸酯的迁移残留分析

建立婴幼儿奶粉中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的气相色谱质谱检测方法。样品经正己烷振荡萃取,4℃(3 000 r/min)离心后用气相色谱质谱法检测。在本实验条件下,奶粉中十五种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物质量浓度在0~8.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,最低检出限0.018~0.45 mg/kg,相对标准偏差2.93%~10.23%。该方法能同时检测婴幼儿奶粉中十五种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物,简单易操作,回收率及精密度均能达到分析要求,结果较满意。     

菜籽油及其塑料油桶中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂含量检测分析

采用SPE–GC/MS法对市售33份菜籽油及其塑料油桶的16种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂(PAEs)含量进行了检测,并对结果进行了对比分析。PAEs在菜籽油和油桶中的检出率分别为100%和45.5%,共检出DMP、DIBP、DBP、DEHP和DNOP 5种PAEs,菜籽油和油桶中PAEs的检出浓度没有比例关系,但油桶中各PAEs的最大检出浓度均高于菜籽油。依据GB 9685–2008,菜籽油PAEs的超标率分别为DBP 51.5%、DEHP 12.1%,油桶PAEs的超标率分别为DMP 3.03%、DIBP 24.2%、DBP 21.2%和DEHP 42.4%。     

白酒中邻苯二甲酸酯检测方法的优化

本实验利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),采用特征选择离子监测扫描模式(SIM),以碎片的丰度比定性,标准样品定量离子内标法定量,并对国标GB 5009.271—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中邻苯二甲酸酯的测定》中内标法的前处理方法进行比对,最终选择适合的前处理方法,对白酒中邻苯二甲酸酯含量进行检测。本实验选择DBP、DEHP等16种邻苯二甲酸酯进行分析研究,简化后的检测方法的回收率在81.75%~118.55%之间,精密度在0.53%~3.84%之间。在0.0~2.0μg/mL浓度范围内,标准曲线线性良好,各相关系数r均在0.9990以上。本实验的方法具有良好的重复性、回收率,且操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,适用于白酒中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的分析,为白酒塑化剂的检测提供了简便方法,对白酒行业健康发展及维护白酒食品的安全具有一定的促进作用。     

2013年内蒙古地区市售植物油中3种邻苯二甲酸酯含量调查分析

目的 了解内蒙古地区市售植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalates esters, PAEs)类物质的污染情况,为加强食品安全监督管理提供依据。方法 2013年期间,在内蒙古地区各大型超市、农贸市场和食品商店等流通领域抽取不同品牌的桶装植物油共150份。采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)测定了植物油样本中3种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(Dinonylphthalate,DINP、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(dibutyl phthalate, DBP)和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基已基)酯(bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,DEHP))的浓度。结果 在采集的150份样品中,共有46份样品检测出邻苯二甲酸酯类物质DBP与DEHP,总检出率为30.67%,其中,DBP和DEHP的检出率分别为18.67%和20.00%,最高检出浓度分别为46.50 mg/kg和0.85 mg/kg,DBP检出超标样品15份,超标率为10.00%; DINP在所有样本中没有检出。结论 在2013年期间,内蒙古地区市售植物油中3种PAEs的总体检出率不高,但是个别样本中DBP的检出值较高。邻苯二甲酸酯类属于环境激素类,被我国卫生行政部们列入可能违法添加的非食用物质和易滥用的食品添加剂名单,因此,应加强植物油生产过程的监管及食品包装材料对植物油的污染,定期开展监测工作。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.