结核分枝杆菌DNA疫苗的免疫原性和保护效率的比较研究

对结核分枝杆菌两种DNA单价疫苗的免疫应答和保护效果进行了评价和比较。将结核分枝杆菌抗原蛋白。MPT70(22kDa)和PstS-3(40kDa)克隆到原核表达载体pET22b中,酶切和测序鉴定正确后转化入E．coli BL21(DE3)PLysS宿主菌株内中,通过诱导表达纯化获得目的蛋白用于DNA疫苗效价鉴定。用真核表达载体pJW4303构建了MPT70,PstS-3(包括信号肽的全基因)两种重组真核质粒(DNA疫苗),进行了酶切鉴定和序列分析,确定含有正确的读码框。用上述DNA疫苗分别肌注免疫小鼠,三免小鼠后21天MPT70和PstS-3抗体均达到为1：12800,三免后21天小鼠的脾脏细胞诱导产生较高水平的MPT70和PstS-3特异性的细胞因子γ-干扰素,浓度分别为16872．82pg／ml和11460．98pg／ml.三次免疫后经静脉强毒攻击,两组DNA疫苗免疫鼠的肺脏和脾脏的载菌数均比阴性对照组少,表明这两种疫苗都能诱导机体产生细胞免疫和体液免疫应答,而且以前者为主。综合各项指标发现,DNA疫苗MPT70要优于PstS-3。     

CpG序列和猪白细胞介素-6基因转染表达对猪囊尾蚴基因疫苗免疫影响的研究

以猪囊尾蚴VTS76抗原基因和质粒VPIL-6、pUC18-CpG免疫接种小鼠，检测了小鼠的体液及细胞免疫反应，结果发现，VPIL-6或pUC-CpG与VTS76共同免疫小鼠的特异性抗体滴度，IgG含量，淋巴细胞白细胞介素-2诱生活性、脾细胞增殖反应和血液免疫细胞数量显著高于VTS76免疫组和对照组，证明VPIL-6和CpG序列能显著增强动物对DNA疫苗的细胞和体液免疫反应，可作为高效的基因免疫增强剂。     

脂质体包裹猪白细胞介素6基因对猪带绦虫抗原基因免疫小鼠的影响

比较研究了BALb/c小鼠分别肌肉注射猪带绦虫抗原基因VTS76、猪白细胞介素6（VPIL－6）联合VTS76及其阳离子脂质体包裹质粒等5个处理的免疫效应。结果表明，VTS76联合VPIL－6共注射小鼠的IgG含量和抗体滴度，脾细胞增殖反应和IL－2诱生活性以及免疫细胞数量，均比注射VTS76的显著增强。经阳离子脂质体包裹的VTS76＋VPIL－6在减少质粒用量80％时，免疫应答水平仍显著高于脂质体包裹VTS76，且明显高于VTS76＋VPIL－6，证明VPIL－6能显著增强基因疫苗（VTS76）免疫小鼠的免疫应答。     

CpG序列及阳离子脂质体对猪带绦虫抗原基因免疫应答的影响

本实验将猪带绦虫抗原基因VTS76分别与pUC18质粒，重组pUC18-CpG质粒联合及阳离子脂质体包装后免疫小鼠，结果表明：pUC18和pUC18-CpG能显著提高免疫小鼠总IgG和特异性抗体水平，增加小鼠免疫细胞数量，增强淋巴细胞增殖活性及白细胞介素－2的诱生活性，其中，pUC18-CpG的免疫增强效果更显著，阳离子脂质体包裹具有减少质粒用量，提高免疫应答水平的作用。     

重组鲈鱼生长激素的酶联免疫测定方法

建立了重组鲈鱼生长激素（jspGH0的间接ELISA，以jspGH的小鼠多克隆抗体作为一抗，HRP羊抗鼠IgG作为二抗，在抗体及酶标二抗的稀释液中加入4％PEG，从而提高检测灵敏度至40ng/ml，抗原浓度在40－1000ng/ml范围内与OD450nm值成线性关系。此法较简便，灵敏，可用于检测基因工程菌发酵液中的jspGH含量。     

鳗弧菌油乳化二价口服疫苗免疫养殖大菱鲆的免疫应答及免疫效果的研究

以鳗弧菌M3和SMP1为细菌抗原制备了油乳化二价疫苗,用饵料包埋后连续7天口服免疫大菱鲆鱼,评价鱼的免疫应答和疫苗的保护效果.结果显示,乳化疫苗在鱼后肠刺激产生的溶菌酶和抗蛋白酶活性以及抗体水平均高于未乳化疫苗(P＜0.05);并且在乳化疫苗免疫的鱼血清检测到明显升高的M3抗体效价(P＜0.05).原位杂交结果显示,乳化疫苗免疫鱼的后肠IgM的产生水平高于未乳化疫苗免疫鱼.攻毒实验显示,乳化疫苗免疫的鱼对M3和SMP1的感染分别获得100%和50%的免疫保护率,而未乳化疫苗获得的免疫保护率分别为57.9%和0%.结果表明,鳗弧菌油乳化二价口服疫苗能引起大菱鲆后肠的非特异性和特异性免疫应答并有效地抵抗鳗弧菌的感染,适合用作水产口服鱼用疫苗.     

应用全合成噬菌体抗体展示库技术实现抗膀胱癌单链抗体的定向进化

单链抗体在肿瘤治疗的临床应用中常会遇到两方面的问题，即低亲和力和鼠源性导致的免疫原性。为此，我们对鼠源抗膀胱癌单链抗体进行人源化改造，并从噬菌体抗体库中筛选具有高亲和力的人源化的单链抗体分子。运用噬菌体展示技术，成功构建了库容为10^6人源化的噬菌体抗体库，用膀胱癌细胞系膜抗原进行三轮筛选，得到了2个结合抗原活性高于起始的鼠源单链抗体的人源化抗膀胱癌单链抗体。     

小鹅瘟病毒VP3基因疫苗的构建及其诱导小鼠和鹅中和抗体的初报

PCR扩增小鹅瘟病毒（GPV）CHv株VP3基因并克隆入pMD 18-T-Simple载体,亚克隆正向插入到真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1（＋）CMV启动子下游多克隆位点,经PCR和Hind与Bandt I双酶切鉴定表明成功构建了GPVVP3基因疫苗（pcDNA3．1．GPV—VP3）。该疫苗以200μg/只肌注免疫Balb／c小鼠和鹅,同时分别设肌注PBS和pcDNA3．1（＋）作为对照,于免疫后第30、45、60、75、90、105天应用鸭胚原代成纤维细胞（DEF）进行微量中和试验检测小鼠和鹅血清抗100TCID50GPV的抗体效价。结果表明,pcDNA3．1-GPV-VP3免疫小鼠第30天可检测到抗GPV的中和抗体,抗体效价缓慢上升至90天达到高峰（平均1：135．8）后下降,105天仍高于75天;免疫鹅的中和抗体效价呈现与小鼠类似的规律,第90天达到高峰（平均1：98．5）。因此,pcDNA3．1-GPV-VV3具有良好的免疫原性,肌注免疫小鼠和鹅后能够诱发产生抗GPV的中和抗体,有进一步开展临床研究和应用的前景。     

抗牛精子sp18蛋白单链抗体基因的克隆及表达

应用重组噬菌体抗体技术,从小鼠抗牛精子sp18蛋白的A5杂交瘤细胞系中分离总RNA,构建重组噬菌体抗体库。以牛精子作为包被抗原,经过三轮“亲和吸附-洗脱-扩增”淘选后,用phage-ELISA筛选出特异性阳性克隆。取其中特异结合牛精子细胞的重组噬菌体抗体pCSA1克隆进行序列测定。将其ScFv(single chain fragment variable)因克隆到pET-30a( )上,用IPTG进行诱导表达,成功得到了抗sp18单链抗体基因蛋白。     

口蹄疫病毒二价DNA疫苗的构建及实验免疫研究

通过PCR方法从本室已构建的克隆载体pGEMT-P1-2A获得O型口蹄疫病毒主要保护性抗原VP1基因,以基因突变获得A型VP1基因。将这两种血清型的VP1基因串联后连接到真核表达载体PVAX1 PCMV启动子下游,构建成口蹄疫二价核酸疫苗pVAX1-OA。经Western blot和IFA检测,目的蛋白在HeLa细胞中获得正确表达。动物实验表明,免疫小鼠T淋巴细胞明显增殖,特异性CTL杀伤活性较对照组显著提高;血清抗体能分别与O型和A型抗原反应,抗体效价均高于空白对照组,但较灭活苗低。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.