大F数硅微透镜阵列的制作及光学性能测试研究

提出了一种补偿刻蚀法 :在经过常规光刻热熔成形和离子束刻蚀技术制成的硅微透镜阵列上再涂敷几层光刻胶 ,以降低各单元微透镜的曲率 ,然后再次进行加热固化和离子束刻蚀。扫描电子显微镜 ( SEM)显示微透镜阵列为表面极为平缓的球冠形阵列 ,表面探针测试结果显示用补偿刻蚀法制作的微透镜的 F数和 F′数分别可达到 31.62和 35.88,而常规光刻热熔法很难制作出 F数和 F′数分别超过 1.0 0和 4 .0 0的微透镜阵列。光学填充因子也由常规方法的 64.3%提高至78.5% ,并且微透镜的点扩散函数也更接近理想值     

100%填充因子的硅微透镜阵列的制作

本文成功制作出了表面光滑且具有100%填充因子的硅微阵列阵列结构。制作流程包括：旋涂光刻胶,热熔融和反应离子可是转移。首先,在硅衬底上旋涂SU-8光刻胶,并光刻显影;其次,热熔融和热处理光刻胶阵列得到光刻胶微透镜阵列;最后,反应离子刻蚀转移形成硅微透镜阵列。实验表明,通过调节反应离子刻蚀气体SF6和O2的量分别到60sccm和50sccm,就可以得到无间距的硅微透镜阵列。在此种情况下,光刻胶和硅衬底的刻蚀速率比值为1:1.44。单个微透镜底端尺寸为30.1微米,高度为3微米,焦距在15.4微米到16.6微米之间。     

一种新的微透镜阵列制作技术

介绍了一种利用光刻、等离子体刻蚀和高温热熔等工艺在PMMA材料上制作折射微透镜的新方法,该方法具有刻蚀工艺容差大、热熔后球冠形貌好、易于和CCD实现工艺集成等优点。经过对各个工艺参数的优化实验,制备出了具有良好球冠形貌的微透镜阵列,并成功与256×256内线转移CCD完成了工艺集成,集成后微透镜阵列的整体形貌和尺寸与设计值相吻合。     

硅衍射微透镜阵列的制作技术研究

介绍了二元光学方法制作多台阶衍射微透镜的设计和工艺过程;分析了台阶侧壁倾斜对衍射效率的影响;提出了一种基于软刻蚀技术的复制和集成新工艺.实际制作了8台阶硅衍射微透镜阵列,利用新工艺复制了硅衍射透镜阵列.     

软刻蚀复制技术制作聚合物微透镜阵列

介绍了利用软刻蚀紫外模塑技术制作复制聚合物折射和衍射微透镜阵列的工艺过程.实验过程和测试结果表明,聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)模具可以完好地将母版上的微透镜阵列复制到硅或玻璃材料上的光敏胶上,并可多次使用,且母版无损伤.此技术具有速度快,工艺简单的特点,可用于微透镜与图像传感器的单片集成.     

红外焦平面用面阵微透镜的氩离子束刻蚀制作

讨论了制作大面阵矩底拱面状微透镜阵列的工艺条件，给出了氩离子束刻蚀制作红外焦平面用面阵微透镜的离子束刻蚀速率的经验关系式，通过实验获得了光电材料几种常用的氩离子束刻蚀速率与氩离子束能量之间的关系曲线，用扫描电子显微镜测量了所制微透镜阵列的微结构形貌特征。     

128×128 PtSi红外焦平面用硅衍射微透镜阵列的设计与制备

通过考虑互相关联的光学和工艺参数,设计了3～5μm红外128×128硅衍射微透镜阵列.阵列中微透镜的孔径为50μm,透镜F数为f/2.5,微透镜阵列的中心距为50μm.采用多次光刻和离子束刻蚀技术在硅衬底表面制备衍射微透镜阵列.对实际的工艺过程和制备方法进行了讨论,对制备出的128×128硅衍射微透镜阵列的光学性能和表面浮雕结构进行了测量.     

用于改善PtSi红外焦平面阵列器件响应特性的长焦距GaAs微透镜阵列器件的制作研究

提出了一种新的曲率补偿法用于长焦距微透镜阵列的制作.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示微透镜阵列为表面极为平缓的方底拱形阵列,表面探针测试结果显示用曲率补偿法制作的微透镜的焦距可达到3861.70μm,而常规光刻热熔法很难制作出焦距超过200μm的相同尺寸的微透镜阵列.微透镜阵列器件与红外焦平面阵列器件在红外显微镜下对准胶合,显著改善了红外焦平面阵列器件的响应特性.     

128×128硅衍射微透镜阵列的设计与制备

通过考虑互相关联的光学和工艺参数 ,设计了 3～ 5μm红外 12 8× 12 8硅衍射微透镜阵列。阵列中微透镜的孔径为 10 0μm,透镜 F数为 f / 1.5,微透镜阵列的中心距为 10 0μm。采用多次光刻和离子束刻蚀技术在硅衬底表面制备衍射微透镜阵列。对实际的工艺过程和制备方法进行了讨论 ,对制备出的 12 8× 12 8硅衍射微透镜阵列的光学性能和表面浮雕结构进行了测量。     

128×128PtSi红外焦平耐用硅衍射微镜阵列的设计与制备

通过考虑互相关联的光学和工艺参数,设计了3～5μm红外128×128硅衍射微透镜阵列.阵列中微透镜的孔径为50μm,透镜F数为f/2.5,微透镜阵列的中心距为50μm.采用多次光刻和离子束刻蚀技术在硅衬底表面制备衍射微透镜阵列.对实际的工艺过程和制备方法进行了讨论,对制备出的128×128硅衍射微透镜阵列的光学性能和表面浮雕结构进行了测量.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.