PEG改性聚乳酸嵌段共聚物降解性能研究

辛酸亚锡催化下开环聚合制备聚乳酸(DL-PLA)-聚乙二醇(PEG)-聚乳酸三嵌段共聚物.用GPC、DSC、1 H-NMR、质量损失、静态接触角等方法在pH=7.4磷酸盐缓冲液中,37℃下研究了分子量Mn=400、1000和4000的PEG改性DL-PLA的降解行为.结果表明,PEG嵌段增强了共聚物的亲水性,降低了共聚物Tg,加速了共聚物降解,随着PEG分子量增加及两端DL-PLA链段增长,共聚物分子量下降速率加快.由研究结果得出,共聚物降解期间DL-PLA链段中的酯键随机断裂,PEG两端DL-PLA链段逐渐变短;降解后期DL-PLA链段进一步变短,并有短链DL-PLA均聚物产生,当PEG两端DL-PLA链段足够短时,共聚物在介质中溶解.     

聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸的合成与性能表征

以外消旋乳酸(D,L-LA)和不同数均分子量(Mn)的聚乙二醇(PEG)为原料,通过熔融缩聚法,合成了系列聚乳酸聚乙二醇(PLEG)。最佳工艺条件为:以(Sn(Oct)2)为催化剂,m(Sn(Oct)2)为0.8%,n(PEG)∶n(D,L-LA)=1∶600,聚合温度170℃,压力0.096 MPa条件下,反应8h。用特性粘度测试、FT-IR、XRD、接触角等对其进行表征,实验结果表明系列PLEG中PLEG-800接触角为63°,表明其亲水性能最好;PEG-800和乳酸共聚合成的PLEG的粘均分子量最大,可达48997,与PDLLA相比,结晶度有较大提高,亲水性得到改善。     

氧化亚锡催化直接熔融聚合法合成生物降解材料聚乳酸-聚乙二醇

以氧化亚锡为催化剂,直接以外消旋乳酸(D,L-LA)单体为原料,使英与数均相对分子质量为1000的聚乙二醇(PEG)(mLA/mPEG=9)共聚,通过直接熔融共聚法合成了生物降解材料聚乳酸-聚乙二醇(PLEG),在最佳工艺条件下,即催化剂氧化亚锡用量mC/mLA=0.005、熔融共聚温度165℃、70Pa时熔融聚合15h,PLEG特性黏数[η]最高可达0.40dL/g,GPC测定其Mw为41700,分散度Mw/Mn=1.54.     

星形聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以不同臂数和分子量的星型聚乙二醇(sPEG)和L-丙交酯为原料,采用开环聚合法合成了以星型聚乙二醇为内部嵌段、聚L-乳酸为外部嵌段的多臂星形聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(sPEG-b-PLLA)。研究了sPEG的臂数、分子量及L-丙交酯/sPEG投料比等参数对产物结构与性能的影响。并分别用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、差示扫描量热(DSC)对产物进行了表征,证实所合成的嵌段共聚物具有预期的结构。结果表明,sPEG-b-PLLA为结晶性聚合物,且表现出与PLLA相似的晶型,随着PLLA链段的增加,产物的结晶度也呈增大的趋势;与PLLA相比,sPEG-b-PLLA的接触角随着PEG链段的增多而增大,表明其亲水性明显改善。     

聚乳酸-聚乙二醇的熔融共聚及结构表征

从L-乳酸缩聚得到预聚物,系统地研究了数均分子量200～2000的聚乙二醇(PEG)与乳酸预聚物的直接熔融共聚,采用对甲苯磺酸/氯化亚锡/辛酸亚锡三元催化体系,通过乳酸预聚物与PEG熔融共聚,制备了重均分子量均在两万以上、分子量分布较窄的左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)-PEG共聚物。利用傅里叶变换远红外、氢核磁表征证明了共聚产物主要为PLLA-PEG结构;差示扫描量热分析表明,共聚物相比均聚物PLLA,玻璃化转变温度Tg、熔点Tm、结晶度Xc均降低;旋光分析表明,共聚物中L-乳酸的旋光度降低,聚合过程存在一定的消旋化;应力流变仪分析表明共聚物韧性有所提高。     

端氨基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物的合成及表征

以聚乙二醇为原料,采用四步反应,合成了二碳酸二叔丁酯单保护的氨基聚乙二醇(BOC-PEG-NH2);并以DOe-PEG-NH2为引发剂,引发丙交酯开环聚合,得到了叔丁氧基酰胺基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(BOC-PEG-PLA).在三氟乙酸二氯甲烷溶液中,脱去保护基团,得到了端氨基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(NH2-PEG-PLA).采用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、紫外光度仪(UV)表征各聚合物的结构,由凝胶色谱仪(GPC)测定嵌段共聚物的分子量以及分子量分布.结果表明:合成的氨基引发在无催化剂条件下能够引发丙交酯开环聚合,制得分子量高、分子量分布窄的双亲性共聚物.通过三氟乙酸脱保护得到了端氨基聚乙二醇-一聚乳酸(NH2-PEG-PLA),且对分子量没有影响.     

聚乳酸/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能和流变性能

制备了聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乳酸-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物(PLA-PEG)插层的钠基蒙脱土、有机蒙脱土(OMMT)两类复合助剂。X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明,经过处理的蒙脱土层间距增大;通过熔融共混法将复合助剂与聚乳酸(PLA)共混制备PLA/MMT复合材料,研究了PLA/MMT复合材料的力学性能,动态流变性能。结果表明,复合助剂的加入可以提高聚乳酸的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度以及聚乳酸的复数黏度、储能模量和耗能模量。     

聚乳酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸/聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)交联共聚物膜的制备与性能

在制备聚乳酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸(PLA-PEG-PLA)嵌段共聚物的基础上,以丙烯酸酯封端制备了PLA-PEG-PLA大分子单体。PLA-PEG-PLA大分子单体作为交联剂与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)单体经光聚合制备了系列PLA-PEGPLA/PVP交联共聚物膜。核磁共振测试结果表明了大分子单体的成功合成;随着NVP投料量的增加,交联共聚物膜的亲水性增强,水解降解性加快,而储能模量(E’)及玻璃化转变温度(Tg)下降;NVP与PLA-PEG-PLA大分子单体的投料量由0.25/1.68(质量比)增至1.55/1.68时,共聚膜的拉伸强度由32.7 MPa降为17.1 MPa,而断裂伸长率由82%增至387%,说明共聚物膜的韧性较好。     

两亲性嵌段共聚物聚乳酸-聚亮氨酸-聚乙二醇的合成及性能研究

具有温度敏感的生物水凝胶因可根据温度变化发生相变而受到人们重视。采用直接熔融聚合法,先以外消旋乳酸(D,L-LA)和L-亮氨酸(Leu)为原料,辛酸亚锡为催化剂,合成了聚乳酸-聚亮氨酸;再以一定比例将上述两组分共聚物与一定分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)混合,在辛酸亚锡为催化剂的情况下熔融聚合制备聚乳酸-聚亮氨酸-聚乙二醇三组分嵌段共聚物。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振波谱仪(1 H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)对两组分和三组分共聚物进行了系统表征,所得三组分共聚物的一定浓度的水溶液在20～35℃时具有溶胶-凝胶转变特性,能够满足该生物友好材料在药物缓释领域中的应用。     

以聚乳酸-b-聚乙二醇-b-聚乳酸二丙烯酸酯为交联剂的pH响应型水凝胶的制备及药物控制释放研究

采用开环聚合的方法合成了两种不同分子量的聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物二醇,用丙烯酸酯封端后得到大分子交联剂聚乳酸-b-聚乙二醇-b-聚乳酸二丙烯酸酯(PELAMA)。它们与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)、丙烯酸(AA)及光引发剂混合后由紫外光引发聚合生成了可生物降解的水凝胶聚乙二醇聚乳酸二丙烯酸酯-丙烯酸-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PELAMA-AN)。并对PELAMA-AN进行了表征。研究结果表明:PELAMA-AN在pH=7.4、pH=1.2的条件下,溶胀率分别为1000%~2000%、400%~500%,盐酸阿霉素释放10h的累积释放率分别为20%~40%、50%~60%,并且可以随着pH的变化反复切换。PELAMA-AN具有应用于口服药物载体的潜力。     

Fabrication of hydrophilic paclitaxel-loaded PLA-PEG-PLA microparticles via SEDS process

In this work, chemically bonded poly(D, L-lactide)-polyethylene glycol-poly(D, L-lactide) (PLA-PEG-PLA) triblock copolymers with various PEG contents and PLA homopolymer were synthesized via melt polymerization, and were confirmed by FTIR and ¹H-NMR results. The molecular weight and polydispersity of the synthesized PLA and PLA-PEG-PLA copolymers were investigated by gel permeation chromatography. Hydrophilicity of the copolymers was identified by contact angle measurement. PLA-PEG-PLA and PLA microparticles loaded with and without PTX were then produced via solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical CO₂ (SEDS) process. The effect of the PEG content on the particle size distribution, morphology, drug load, and encapsulation efficiency of the fabricated microparticles was also studied. Results indicate that PLA and PLA-PEG-PLA microparticles all exhibit sphere-like shape with smooth surface, when PEG content is relatively low. The produced microparticles have narrow particle size distributions and small particle sizes. The drug load and encapsulation efficiency of the produced microparticles decreases with higher PEG content in the copolymer matrix. Moreover, high hydrophilicity is found when PEG is chemically attached to originally hydrophobic PLA, providing the produced drug-loaded microparticles with high hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and prolonged circulation time, which are considered of vital importance for vessel-circulating drug delivery system.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel biodegradable pentablock copolymers from L‐lactide,p‐dioxanone and poly (ethylene glycol)

ABCBA type pentablock copolymers, in which the A, B and C blocks are poly (p‐Dioxanone) (PPDO), poly (L‐Lactide) (PLLA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), respectively, were synthesized via a two‐step ring‐opening polymerization in bulk using stannous octoate as the catalyst. PLA‐b‐PEG‐b‐PLA Triblock copolymer was synthesized at first and then p‐Dioxanone monomers as the other blocks were added to it. In the first step, poly ethylene glycol and, in the second step, triblock copolymer acts as the macro initiator. The obtained copolymers were identified by ?1&/sup;H&/I;, ?13&/sup;CNMR&/I; and IR&/I; spectroscopy. The intrinsic viscosity of copolymers was measured in chloroform/phenol (3/1 v/w) solution. The thermal properties, such as melting point, melting enthalpy and crystallinity, were studied. From the results of differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis, it was observed that the PPDO blocks show similar crystallization behavior like homopolymer and also melting temperature of two PPDO end blocks raise with an increase in DON content in copolymer.     

新型药物载体材料——端羟基聚(丙交酯-co-对二氧环己酮)的合成与表征

聚乳酸(PLA)作为药物载体材料存在因疏水性强而导致的药物释放速率难控以及在循环系统中停留时间短等问题.研究表明,在PLA中引入乙醇酸(GA)可提高材料降解速率,引入聚乙二醇(PEG)则可延长共聚物在循环系统中的停留时间.研究以丙交酯(LA)和对二氧环己酮(PDO)为主要原料,在辛酸亚锡-乙二醇共引发体系的存在下,通过熔融开环聚合制备出了端羟基聚(丙交酯-co-对二氧环己酮)(HO-P(LA-co-PDO)-OH).这种同时具有PLA、GA和EG结构单元的大分子二醇可望成为一种降解速率可控、在循环系统中停留时间可调的新型药物载体材料.采用DSC、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和GPC-MALLs等对其结构和热学性能进行了表征.分子量检测结果表明,HO-P(LA-co-PDO)-OH的分子量随原料中PDO/LA摩尔比的减小而增大.     

Hydrolytic and enzymatic degradations of physically crosslinked hydrogels prepared from PLA/PEO/PLA triblock copolymers

Degradable copolymers were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of lactide in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), using CaH₂ as a biocompatible initiator. The resulting PLA/PEO/PLA triblock copolymers were dissolved in a biocompatible solvent, namely tetraglycol. Physically crosslinked hydrogels were then prepared by introducing small amounts of water into the thus obtained solutions. Hydrolytic degradation of the highly swollen hydrogels was realized in 0.13 M pH=7.4 phosphate buffer, while the enzymatic degradation was carried out in 0.05 M pH=8.6 Tris buffer containing a PLA-degrading enzyme, proteinase K. In both cases, degradation was initially very fast with dramatic weight loss. The LA/EO ratio of the remaining material increased rapidly, in agreement with the release of PEO-rich segments. In a second phase, the degradation rate slowed down. The presence of proteinase K strongly accelerated the degradation rate of the hydrogels, indicating that the enzyme was able to penetrate inside and attack the PLA domains which constituted nanometric nodes in the gel network.     

熔融缩聚合成聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物及其性能研究

采用羧基封端乳酸预聚物与聚乙二醇熔融缩聚合成了聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物,并用GPC、FTIR、1H-NMR等方法表征了预聚物与共聚物,结果表明,预聚物的羧基封端率高于95%,预聚物的相对分子质量可由投料比(物质的量比)控制.热分析结果表明,共聚物中聚乳酸链段呈无规分布,而聚乙二醇链段能够形成结晶微区.力学性能测试结果表明,共聚物的断裂伸长率达371%,有望在聚乳酸韧性改性方面得到应用.     

Functionalized surfaces of polylactide modified by Langmuir–Blodgett films of amphiphilic block copolymers

To modify the surface of poly(L-lactide) (PLA) supports, we have investigated the feasibility to deposit on the PLA surface Langmuir–Blodgett films of amphiphilic block copolymers based on poly(L-lactide). AB and ABA block copolymers were prepared with PLA as the A block and either poly(ethylene oxide), -methoxy--hydroxy poly(ethylene oxide), -carboxy--hydroxy poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(L-aspartic acid) as the B blocks. Films with phase-separated hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks in a bilayer brush structure were prepared by compression of the copolymer Langmuir films on the water/air interface. The interfacial behavior of the monolayers and the effect of the copolymer composition on the phase separation was followed by measurements of the surface-pressure/area isotherms using a Langmuir trough and by contact angle measurement of deposited Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films. The phase separation of the hydrophilic and PLA blocks is more effective in diblock AB copolymers compared with triblock ABA copolymers. The presence of ionic groups in the hydrophilic chains facilitates penetration of hydrophilic segments into the water subphase. Dynamic contact angle measurements were used to study the stability of the LB-films transferred on the PLA support and the changes in the surface properties upon incubation of surfaces in water.     

Behaviors of keratinocytes and fibroblasts on films of PLA50–PEO–PLA50 triblock copolymers with various PLA segment lengths

The growth of human primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts on PLA–PEO–PLA copolymer films was investigated as an intermediate stage of a strategy aimed at making implantable dermo-epidermal substitutes. Four PLA–PEO–PLA triblock copolymers with the same PEO block and different dl-lactic acid/ethylene oxide molar ratios (LA/EO) (0.8, 1.4, 1.8 and 2), were synthesized and characterized by ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. The films made of these copolymers were more hydrophilic than PLA₅₀ and than tissue culture polystyrene controls according to contact angles with water. Proliferation and adhesion of human skin cells were evaluated by MTT assay and by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of PEO in the triblock copolymers influenced cell adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts, whereas keratinocyte adhesion and proliferation were not affected. These features emphasize the interest of PLA–PEO–PLA triblock copolymers to serve as better compounds than the racemic PLA previously investigated to make supports for human skin primary cells and scaffolds for skin engineering.     

PBS-PEG生物降解聚酯共聚物的合成与性能

使用丁二酸、丁二醇和聚乙二醇为原料,通过一步投料法进行熔融缩聚,制备了一系列聚丁二酸丁二醇酯-聚乙二醇(PBS-PEG)聚酯共聚物。采用核磁共振(1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)、偏光显微镜(PLM)和接触角分析仪等表征手段对共聚物的结构和性能进行研究。研究结果发现,聚酯共聚物中,随着PEG链段含量的增加,共聚物的衍射峰强度逐渐降低;同时,随PEG含量增加,共聚物亲水性明显改善;此外,PBS-PEG聚酯共聚物在80℃等温结晶过程中可形成环带球晶形态。     

In vitro macrophage uptake and in vivo biodistribution of PLA–PEG nanoparticles loaded with hemoglobin as blood substitutes: effect of PEG content

The aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of PEG content in copolymer on physicochemical properties, in vitro macrophage uptake, in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hemoglobin (Hb)-loaded nanoparticles (HbP) used as blood substitutes. The HbP were prepared from PLA and PLA–PEG copolymer of varying PEG contents (5, 10, and 20 wt%) by a modified w/o/w method and characterized with regard to their morphology, size, surface charge, drug loading, surface hydrophilicity, and PEG coating efficiency. The in vitro macrophage uptake, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution following intravenous administration in mice of HbP labeled with 6-coumarin, were evaluated. The HbP prepared were all in the range of 100–200 nm with highest encapsulation efficiency 87.89%, surface charge −10 to −33 mV, static contact angle from 54.25° to 68.27°, and PEG coating efficiency higher than 80%. Compared with PLA HbP, PEGylation could notably avoid the macrophage uptake of HbP, in particular when the PEG content was 10 wt%, a minimum uptake (6.76%) was achieved after 1 h cultivation. In vivo, besides plasma, the major cumulative organ was the liver. All PLA–PEG HbP exhibited dramatically prolonged blood circulation and reduced liver accumulation, compared with the corresponding PLA HbP. The PEG content in copolymer affected significantly the survival time in blood. Optimum PEG coating (10 wt%) appeared to exist leading to the most prolonged blood circulation of PLA–PEG HbP, with a half-life of 34.3 h, much longer than that obtained by others (24.2 h). These results demonstrated that PEG 10 wt% modified PLA HbP with suitable size, surface charge, and surface hydrophilicity, has a promising potential as long-circulating oxygen carriers with desirable biocompatibility and biofunctionality.