大黄鱼脱脂鱼卵营养成分分析及评价

采用常规营养物质测定方法测定了大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)脱脂鱼卵的营养成分及氨基酸含量。结果表明:大黄鱼脱脂鱼卵中粗蛋白含量为85.1%,粗脂肪含量为2.4%,粗灰分含量为4.0%,水分含量为8.3%(干重基础);氨基酸比值系数分为73,必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的44.0%,含硫氨基酸蛋氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸;矿物质含量丰富,其中钙含量最高,达250 mg/g。研究结果说明大黄鱼鱼卵具有较高的营养价值,属于优质的蛋白源,有较大的开发利用价值。     

超临界萃取鱼卵鱼油及其脂肪酸组成的研究

为提高大黄鱼副产物的综合利用率,丰富海洋鱼油来源。以大黄鱼鱼卵为原料,采用超临界CO2流体法萃取鱼卵鱼油,对影响萃取率的因素进行了研究,包括萃取时间、萃取温度和萃取压力,并通过正交设计优化萃取工艺。在此基础上,采用气相色谱-质谱法对鱼卵鱼油脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明,超临界CO2流体萃取鱼卵鱼油的最佳条件为:萃取时间90 min、萃取温度45℃、萃取压力30 MPa,在此条件下,萃取率为86.12%;对鱼油脂肪酸组成的分析显示,鱼卵鱼油中含有丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸,ω-3 PUFA占总脂肪20.91%,其中EPA和DHA之和达到19.40%。     

大黄鱼鱼卵油微胶囊制备工艺及其性质表征

为实现大黄鱼鱼卵油高值化利用,本研究以大黄鱼鱼卵油为芯材,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠复配麦芽糊精为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制备大黄鱼鱼卵油微胶囊。在单因素实验基础上,以大黄鱼鱼卵油包埋率为指标,通过响应面法优化大黄鱼鱼卵油微胶囊的制备工艺;进一步对最优条件下所得的大黄鱼鱼卵油微胶囊的水分含量、溶解性、堆积密度、休止角及微观结构进行了表征。结果表明:在辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠/麦芽糊精复配比为1:1、固形物含量为20%、芯壁比为1:1.5、进风温度为80℃时,大黄鱼鱼卵油微胶囊包埋率可达到97.87%;在此条件下得到的大黄鱼鱼卵油微胶囊水分含量为1.1%、溶解性为47.56%、堆积密度为0.718 g/cm3、休止角为32.47°,微观结构表征显示其颗粒细小均匀、近球形、表面致密、无裂缝。研究结果可为大黄鱼鱼卵油的高值化利用提供理论指导。     

大黄鱼卵鱼露的发酵工艺

以大黄鱼鱼卵发酵鱼露为研究对象,分析其在发酵过程中接曲量、加盐量、温度等条件对鱼露pH、总酸、氨基酸态氮、挥发性盐基氮、脂肪、硫代巴比妥酸等理化指标的影响,并分析了发酵第30 d时氨基酸的含量.结果表明:在大黄鱼鱼卵鱼露发酵过程中,pH整体上呈波动现象,且总酸含量的变化与其一致;氨基酸态氮含量在发酵过程中呈上升趋势,且...     

响应面法优化乙醇提取大黄鱼鱼卵油工艺的研究

为了提高大黄鱼副产物鱼卵的综合利用率,对乙醇提取大黄鱼鱼卵油工艺进行优化,并对制备所得大黄鱼鱼卵油进行脂肪酸组成分析。通过单因素试验研究料液比、提取温度和提取时间对鱼卵油得率的影响,根据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,采用响应面法优化工艺条件。结果表明,乙醇提取大黄鱼鱼卵油的最优工艺条件为:料液比1∶14,提取温度55℃,提取时间5. 8 h。在最优条件下,大黄鱼鱼卵油的平均得率为(30. 23±0. 03)%。大黄鱼鱼卵油富含多不饱和脂肪酸,其中DHA和EPA总含量高达(21. 9±0. 83)%。     

大黄鱼鱼卵蛋白组分提取及其功能特性研究

试验采用Osborne方法提取了大黄鱼脱脂鱼卵中的水溶蛋白、盐溶蛋白、醇溶蛋白和碱溶蛋白,并对其进行功能性质评价,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法进一步研究了各蛋白组分的亚基组成与分子量分布。结果表明:水溶蛋白是大黄鱼脱脂鱼卵蛋白的主要组分,占脱脂鱼卵总蛋白含量的44.6%。碱溶蛋白持水性,醇溶蛋白持油性较好,水溶蛋白的溶解性较好,水溶蛋白和碱溶蛋白的起泡性较好,4种蛋白在碱性条件下乳化性均较好。     

大黄鱼鱼卵腌制工艺的优化

为研究大黄鱼鱼卵的最佳腌制工艺,通过单因素实验考察食盐种类、食盐添加量、腌制时间以及腌制温度对大黄鱼鱼卵腌制过程中氯化物含量、挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）含量、水分含量、菌落总数、色泽以及质构特性的影响,并进行了感官评价。在此基础上,以感官评价及菌落总数为响应值,通过响应面法优化了大黄鱼鱼卵腌制工艺。结果显示,细盐腌制的鱼卵TVB-N含量和菌落总数均低于粗盐腌制的鱼卵;在食盐添加量为10%时,L*值最高,有较好的感官品质;腌制温度5 ℃时,硬度及咀嚼性适宜,菌落总数符合相关标准;腌制55 d时,菌落总数较低,感官评价分数最高。得到的大黄鱼鱼卵腌制最佳工艺为:食盐添加量10.69%、腌制温度5.0 ℃、腌制时间55.51 d。在此条件下,腌制大黄鱼鱼卵感官评分为82.50分,菌落总数为5.32 lg CFU/g。获得的鱼卵腌制品具有良好的食用品质。     

响应面法优化大黄鱼鱼卵油的酶法提取工艺

为有效提取大黄鱼鱼卵油,本研究在不同酶提取大黄鱼鱼卵油的基础上,筛选出碱性蛋白酶为最佳提取蛋白酶后,考察不同单因素对碱性蛋白酶法提取大黄鱼鱼卵油的影响,并采用响应面法对酶法提取大黄鱼鱼卵油工艺进行了优化。结果表明:酶法提取大黄鱼鱼卵油的最佳工艺为温度58.9℃、时间2.1 h、pH12.0,在此条件下大黄鱼鱼卵油提取率高达86.29%±0.04%。研究结果为大黄鱼鱼卵的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

大黄鱼脱脂鱼卵蛋白粉品质分析及其营养评价

将大黄鱼脱脂鱼卵蛋白粉与C牌蛋白粉进行对照,测定鱼卵蛋白粉和C牌蛋白粉的溶解度、堆积密度、分散时间和白度,以此对两种蛋白粉进行品质分析比较。分别测定两种蛋白粉的氨基酸组成和含量,并对其进行分析比较。分别计算出鱼卵蛋白粉和C牌蛋白粉的氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)和必须氨基酸指数(EAAI),以此为指标对鱼卵蛋白粉和C牌蛋白粉进行营养评价。结果表明蛋白质含量高达76.26%,脂肪含量低至1.84%,证明它是一种优良的高蛋白、低脂肪的蛋白粉产品。     

大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂/麦芽糊精-虾青素微胶囊性质表征及其体外消化特性研究

为探究大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂/麦芽糊精包埋虾青素微胶囊性质，采用喷雾干燥技术制备了大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂/麦芽糊精-虾青素微胶囊，通过测定微胶囊的水分含量、过氧化值、酸价、虾青素包埋率及溶解度等指标，结合场发射扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、热稳定性分析考察了微胶囊的理化性质并进行体外模拟消化研究。结果表明，大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂/麦芽糊精-虾青素微胶囊包埋率高达(90.12±2.01)%,外观呈近球状，表面致密，无明显裂纹，大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂/麦芽糊精-虾青素可形成稳定的微胶囊，并能够在体外模拟消化液中实现缓慢释放。研究结果可为开发大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂作为微胶囊新型壁材提供理论依据。     

泥鳅鱼籽营养成分及油脂的脂肪酸组成分析

以泥鳅鱼籽为原料,对其基本营养成分进行测定。采用正己烷-异丙醇提取法得到鱼籽油,对鱼籽油的理化指标及脂肪酸组成进行了测定,并与泥鳅鱼肉、鲫鱼籽、鲟鱼籽、林蛙卵以及母乳的油脂进行比较。结果表明：泥鳅鱼籽的营养成分为水分含量64.69%、蛋白质含量24.49%、脂肪含量5.62%、灰分含量1.56%;泥鳅鱼籽油理化指标为密度0.901 4 g/mL、折光率1.463 8、碘值105 g I/100 g、皂化值134 mg KOH/g;气相色谱-质谱联用分析可知,泥鳅鱼籽中不饱和脂肪酸含量为71.30%,其中油酸和亚油酸含量较高,分别为28.02%和24.51%。通过与泥鳅鱼肉、鲫鱼籽、鲟鱼籽、林蛙卵以及母乳的油脂比较,发现泥鳅鱼籽和母乳的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸比例基本一致,非常接近健康食用油黄金比例1∶1∶1,而且泥鳅鱼籽的主要脂肪酸组成和母乳的基本相同,具有较高的开发和利用价值。     

4种来源大黄鱼营养成分的比较分析

目的 比较4个不同产地大黄鱼(福建宁德养殖、浙江温州养殖、浙江舟山养殖和舟山自然海域野生)的营养组成。方法 采用国标分析方法对4个产地大黄鱼背部肌肉中的一般营养成分(水分、灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪)、矿物元素、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行定量和差异比较分析。结果 4种产地大黄鱼肌肉中,水分、灰分和粗蛋白质含量无显著性差别(P＞0.05),野生大黄鱼脂肪含量明显最低(P＜0.05),福建宁德养殖大黄鱼脂肪含量显著性最高(P＜0.05)。舟山野生大黄鱼中Mg、K,Se,Asp,Glu,Lys,∑EAA,∑TAA,∑FAA和∑BAA均含量均显著高于其它3种产地(P<0.05),Zn含量最高且明显高于福建宁德与浙江温州两产地(P<0.05),而Cu含量明显低于温州和舟山养殖大黄鱼(P<0.05)。除温州养殖大黄鱼略低外,其它3个产地大黄鱼的∑EAA/∑TAA和∑EAA/∑NEAA分别在40.73%~41.13%和68.72%~69.80%,符合优质蛋白源条件。C16:0、C18:1n9c、C22:6n3和C20:5n3是大黄鱼肌肉中最为丰富的脂肪酸,福建宁德养殖大黄鱼中FA、SFA和UFA含量均显著高于其它3种产地,舟山野生大黄鱼中ΣPUFA/ΣUFA占比高达78.6%,特别是EPA和DHA的总含量明显高于养殖大黄鱼。结论 不同产地环境及养殖方式会导致大黄鱼的营养成分有所差异。野生大黄鱼在低脂肪、有益矿物元素、鲜味氨基酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量上较养殖大黄鱼有明显优势,但养殖鱼类可以显著提高蛋白质及脂肪酸含量,均具有较高的食用与营养保健价值。     

Lipids and fatty acids of a whitefish (Coregonus albula) flesh and roe

The total lipids of whitefish flesh and roe averaged 3.0 and 9.8% fresh weight, respectively. Although neutral lipids dominated in both tissues the polar lipid content of fresh roe was unexceptionally high (2.5%). The fatty acid patterns of the total lipids from flesh and roe and of neutral lipids were similar to each other. Polyenoic acids constituted about half of the total fatty acids and monoenoic and saturated components existed in equal amounts. The calculated iodine values for the total lipids from flesh and roe indicated a slightly higher degree of unsaturation for roe fatty acids. The polar lipids were enriched in polyenoic and saturated fatty acids. Similarities in the composition and content of fatty acids from flesh and roe suggest that storage problems, apparent as a rancidity of roe products, may result from the high content of polar lipids readily hydrolysed during storage.     

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LARGE YELLOW CROAKER (PSEUDOSCIAENA CROCEA) CULTURED IN CHINA

The biochemical composition of dorsal muscle from large yellow croaker ( Pseudosciaena crocea ) cultured in China was studied. The comparison was made between the fish fed raw fish (RF) and commercial feed (CF). Two-year-old fish cultured in floating net cages were sampled for analysis. Moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents were determined. Amino acid composition was determined by an automatic amino acid analyzer. Fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography. The analysis results showed that fish in the CF group had lower levels of crude fat content and essential amino acids content ( P <  0.05). The percentages of total saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher, while the corresponding total polyunsaturated fatty acids content was significantly lower in the CF group. In the two groups, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid content and the ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids were found to be generally high.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Large yellow croaker ( Pseudosciaena crocea ) is popularly cultured in China. It is mainly reared with raw fish and commercial feed. This study examined the biochemical composition of fillets from large yellow croaker. It was found that the fish species possess high nutritive value, which is very beneficial for human nutrition and health. This article also explored the effects of diets on flesh quality, which can be useful in the seafood production and feed industry.     

Analysis of lipid classes and the fatty acid composition of the salted fish roe food products,Ikura, Tarako,Tobiko and Kazunoko

This study was designed to clarify the content of lipid classes and the fatty acid composition of total lipids (TL), sterol esters (SE), triacylglycerols (TG), phospholipids (PL), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) of the Japanese fish roe products, Ikura, Tarako, Tobiko and Kazunoko. The TL, total cholesterol, TG, and PL content of Ikura were higher than those of Tarako, Tobiko and Kazunoko. Kazunoko had the lowest cholesterol content among these roe products. PC was the main component in the PL class of each fish roe product. The main fatty acids of all roe products were 16:0, 18:1n−9, 20:5n−3, and 22:6n−3. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n−3) was rich in the TL, SE, TG, PL, PC and PE fractions of all roe products. In particulars the 22:6n−3 percentage of PC and PE fractions in Tobiko were higher than those of Ikura, Tarako and Kazunoko. These results indicate that the lipid from fish roe products may be a useful food source for maintaining human health.     

鲣鱼鱼卵成分分析及其活性糖蛋白提取工艺优化

摘 要: 目的 分析鲣鱼鱼卵营养成分组成，优化鲣鱼鱼卵糖蛋白(Katsuwonus pelamis roe glycoprotein, TGP)制备工艺，并考察其对MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖活性的影响。方法 采用食品安全国家标准方法测定鲣鱼鱼卵基本营养成分及其氨基酸、脂肪酸和胆固醇含量；以糖蛋白得率为评价指标，采用单因素实验结合响应面法研究优化TGP制备工艺；应用细胞毒性检测试剂盒(cell counting kit-8, CCK-8)检测TGP对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖活性的影响。结果 鲣鱼鱼卵中水分含量(72.79±0.33) g/100 g，蛋白质含量(21.09±0.03) g/100 g，脂肪含量(3.91±0.06) g/100 g，灰分含量(1.5±0.01) g/100 g，总糖含量(0.50±0.01) g/100 g。鱼卵中氨基酸总量(727.38±8.77) mg/g，其中必需氨基酸占39.42%，鲜味氨基酸占30.68%，且谷氨酸含量最高(84.61±0.98) mg/g。鱼卵中含有17种脂肪酸，其中二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)含量合计占脂肪酸总量的41.63%；胆固醇含量(119.50±0.50) mg/100 g。优化后TGP制备条件为：NaCl 0.5 mol/L、料液比1:15 (g:mL)、提取时间5 h、超声时间42 min，该工艺下TGP得率为71.26 mg/g。TGP具有较好的促MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖活性。结论 本研究测定了鲣鱼鱼卵主要营养组成，优化了具有促成骨细胞增殖活性的鱼卵糖蛋白制备工艺，为鲣鱼加工副产物的综合开发利用提供了较好的理论支撑。     

Combination effect of herring roe lipids and proteins on plasma lipids and abdominal fat weight of mouse

ABSTRACT:  Dietary effects of herring roe lipids (HR-L) and proteins (HR-P) on plasma lipids and abdominal fat pad weight were determined. The main lipid class of HR-L was phospholipids (74%) and the main fatty acids were palmitic acid (16:0, 25.8%), DHA (22:6n-3, 21.6%), EPA (20:5n-3, 14.4%), and oleic acid (18:1n-9, 13.2%). A little increase in total cholesterol level was observed in plasma lipids of mouse fed with HR-L, although HR-L contained 9% cholesterol. This would be due to the lowering effect of EPA and DHA contained in HR-L on plasma cholesterol. Replacement of a part of dietary protein (5%) to HR-P reduced abdominal fat pad weight, but not significantly. On the other hand, combination of HR-P and HR-L significantly reduced the fat pad weight of the mouse as compared with the control. A significant effect of HR-P + HR-L was also observed in the reducing plasma lipid levels.     

Quality Attributes and Microbial Storage Stability of Caviar from Cultivated White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)

ABSTRACT:  Caviar was prepared from white sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus ) roe by adjusting the water phase salt (WPS) to 4.0% to 6.3% by adding food grade NaCl. Fish were obtained from 2 different farms from the Inland Northwest ( N  = 5). Salt was absorbed at a different rate and to a different extent by roe from different fish. The lipid content in the fish roe varied from 10.2% to 14.4% (w/w), with palmitic acid and oleic acid being the most abundant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids present, respectively. The caviar contained high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (35% to 37%) with docosahexanoic acid being the most abundant ω-3 long chain fatty acid. There were no significant differences in microbial storage stability for caviars from different fish stored at 3 °C. However, for caviar stored at 7 °C, there was less growth of  Listeria monocytogenes  (using a cocktail of ATCC 19114, 7644, 19113 strains) in 2 samples (2B46 and 0F05) until day 20. In 2 other samples (453F and 2519), which had lower initial microbial loads, less overall microbial growth was observed, indicating that culture and harvest practices result in compositional differences between fish, which may impact both product composition and storage stability.     

Effect of anatomical location on the composition of fatty acids in double-muscled Belgian Blue cows

Double-muscled cows of the Belgian Blue breed, ranging from ca. 680 to 880 kg live weight were slaughtered and various fat depots sampled for lipid analysis. Subcutaneous fat (SCF), intermuscular fat in m. serratus (IMF1) and m. transversalis (IMF2), kidney fat (KF) and intramuscular fat in m. longissimus thoracis (IMF3) were sampled. In IMF3 samples, polar lipids were separated from other lipid classes by thin layer chromatography. Both the proportions (w w %) and gravimetric concentrations (mg g(-1) of sample) of long-chain fatty acids were determined in total lipids of SCF, IMF1, IMF2, KF and in lipid classes of IMF3 by gas chromatography. The greatest concentration of total fatty acids was found in KF (777.6 ± 82.6 mg g(-1)), followed by SCF (721.3 ± 92.2 mg g(-1)), IMF2 (709.8 ± 72.5 mg g(-1)) and IMF1 (682.1 ± 71.6 mg g(-1)). Triacylglycerol and polar lipid fatty acid content of m. longissimus thoracis (IMF3) were respectively 8.1 ± 3.3 and 3.1 ± 0.6 mg g(-1). Fatty acid content, particularly the triacylglycerol fatty acid content in IMF3, increased (p < 0.01) with increasing carcass fat content. Polar lipid fatty acids in IMF3 contained a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (32.6 ± 4.8 %) and lower proportion of saturated fatty acids (27.4 ± 5.0%) compared to the triacylglycerol fatty acid fraction (p < 0.01), which may reflect a prerequisite for proper membrane functioning. Internal fat depots were more saturated (p < 0.01) compared to SCF. The proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids differed (p < 0.01) between IMF1 and IMF2, possibly reflecting differences in muscle activity and functioning. Oleic (C18:1) and stearic (C18:0) acids comprised more than 60% of the total fatty acids in all anatomical locations.     

大黄鱼卵分离蛋白的凝胶特性分析

本文以大黄鱼卵盐溶蛋白为原料,在85℃加热20 min后于室温下放置12 h制备大黄鱼卵分离蛋白凝胶,并对其凝胶特性进行分析,同时探究了pH对大黄鱼卵分离蛋白凝胶特性的影响.结果显示,大黄鱼卵分离蛋白成胶的最低浓度为100 mg/mL,且在pH8条件下的制备的大黄鱼卵分离蛋白凝胶具有更好的流变特性.低场核磁和扫描电镜的...