基于FIDIA系统的高速铣NURBS插补技术研究

分析FIDIA控制系统采样插补特性,建立曲线加工的直线插补几何模型和NURBS插补几何模型,推导曲线、曲面加工的理论刀轨残留误差。结合公司高速设备特点与当前加工模式分析,NURBS插补对高速铣加工具有良好的适应性,提出进一步提高生产效率的可行方案。编写基于FIDIA控制系统的后处理程序,结合UG软件及其二次开发实现NURBS插补的生产应用。     

自由曲面加工中NURBS曲线的插补实现

针对复杂型面零件的高精度曲面加工,传统上应用直线、圆弧和螺旋线等插补。由于曲面轮廓离散成大量微段直线或圆弧来加工,这不仅使编程复杂、代码量膨胀,而且不可避免地带来逼近误差,影响零件的加工精度、表面粗糙度和生产效率。提出一种NURBS曲线的实时插补算法,它基于NURBS曲线的参数表示法来求出优化的曲线参数,实现了NURBS曲线高速、高精度加工的插补控制。试验的结果表明,这种插补方法是有效的。     

基于NURBS曲线插补方法的数控加工品质探究

数控加工是机械制造行业非常重要的加工方式,适合加工一些形状不规则、精度要求高的工件,特别是曲面形状的零部件,传统的数控加工方式主要采用直线圆弧插补的方式进行,但是这种方式存在程序复杂、增降速频繁、表面粗糙等问题,为此,提出了采用NURBS曲线插补方法进行曲面零件的加工,并通过实践验证有效证明了NURBS曲线插补方法能够有效的提高零件加工精度与表面质量。     

高速加工路径的空间曲线插补研究

当今自由曲面在高速加工中参数样条插补、NURBS插补等,涉及到很多相关的算法。插补的几种方法进行了简单介绍,分析了它们的应用特点。在高速加工中精度的要求,而且还缩短了插补计算的时间。口工中,经常使用到空间曲线插补方法。空间曲线的插补方法有很多,如直线插补、其中,三次参数样条和NURBS曲线是广泛应用的插补曲线。这篇论文对空间曲线特别针对NURBS插补的应用特点进行研究,NURBS插补不仅保证空间自由曲线     

基于NURBS插补的整体叶轮数控加工

在对比分析NURBS曲线插补技术和传统数控机床采用的插补方法特点的基础上,说明了NURBS曲线插补技术在曲面加工方面的优越性.进而对整体叶轮的叶片采用非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）进行曲线、曲面拟合,对整体叶轮数控加工工艺进行了规划,实现了NURBS插补方式的整体叶轮数控加工。     

基于STEP-NC的NURBS曲线插补技术研究

文章详细讨论了旧的数控编程接口标准ISO6983的缺点,研究了基于新数控编程接口标准STEP-NC的数控系统中的NURBS插补技术.详细讨论了NURBS插补算法,并进行了误差分析.STEP-NC数控系统能够直接处理由NURBS表示的几何信息和加工工艺信息,通过采用STEP-NC新数控编程接口,确保零件的NURBS曲线曲面几何信息和加工信息完整的输入到数控系统.NURBS插补程序量少,速度快,精度高,有利于提高生产率和改善产品质量.NURBS插补技术的研究为进一步研究STEP-NC数控系统奠定了基础.     

NURBS插补技术在复杂曲面数控加工中的应用

分析了NURBS(Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline)曲线直接插补技术相对于传统数控系统中采用的直线或圆弧逼近对NURBS曲线数控编程的优越性;探讨采用NURBS曲线插补技术的CNC机床曲线曲面的加工方法以及实际应用中需要进一步解决的问题。     

NURBS曲线插补在数控加工中的应用研究

进给速度的变化是机床产生振动和影响加工质量的重要原因之一。为了有效降低进给速率的变化率,从而达到抑制机床振动,提高加工效率和质量的目的。提出基于NURBS曲线插补方法对数控程序进行后处理,通过合理选择基函数、控制点、权因子等参数来实现拟合精度及进给速度的优化。以花瓣曲面零件作为数控加工对象,开展了NURBS曲线插补与直线圆弧插补方式的数控加工仿真与切削加工对比试验分析。结果表明,NURBS曲线插补加工方式具有减少数控加工时间,提高数控加工精度与表面质量,提升机床动态性能的优势。     

新型并联机床数控系统插补算法的研究

提出一种用于新型并联机床的粗、精插补策略和算法 ,粗插补采用直接对加工曲面进行插补的方法。以NURBS曲线为例 ,运用合理计算方法推导出粗插补计算公式 ,并对粗、精插补进行了误差分析。插补实例结果表明 ,该插补算法具有恒速进给、加工表面轮廓误差易于控制等特点     

基于误差控制的NURBS曲线预估-校正实时插补技术的研究

针对传统直线逼近曲线插补方法引起进给速度不恒定而导致加工精度变差的问题,提出了一种基于误差控制的NURBS曲线预估-校正实时插补方法,并通过仿真分析了在NURBS曲线实时插补中,影响插补精度的参数以及影响的程度.     

A bisection method for the milling of NURBS mapping projection curves by CNC machines

The concept of non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) mapping projection curves (NURBS-MPCs) is proposed in this work. A NURBS-MPC is a projection curve on a NURBS surface of a NURBS curve. The bisection method is used to interpolate NURBS-MPCs. Using an assigned chord, the interpolation of a NURBS-MPC can be obtained easily, and the milling precision of the NURBS-MPC can be controlled effectively. Based on the NURBS theory, the bisection method, and the parametric programming method, an online NURBS software package (NURBS-SP) for FANUC 0i-MB/MC/MD CNC system and an offline NURBS toolbox (NURBS-T) for Matlab have been developed. Using an example of a planar NURBS curve, a NURBS-MPC is created on a NURBS surface. The simulation and milling of the NURBS-MPC show that the bisection method is feasible and effective. The online NURBS-SP endows the NURBS interpolation function for those CNC systems only equipped with linear interpolation (G01) and circular interpolation (G02/G03) and extends the interpolation functions and machining capability of low-middle level three-axis milling machines. The interactive application of the NURBS-T and NURBS-SP can accomplish the design, simulation, and milling for NURBS-MPCs. This feature makes them to have broad application prospects in CNC machining industry.     

基于STEP-NC的NURBS曲面插补技术的研究

为提高曲面的加工效率和精度,提出了一种基于STEP—NC的非均匀有理B样条曲面加工方法。基于STEP—NC的数控系统能够直接处理包括完整的非均匀有理B样条曲面几何信息和1力Ⅱ工工艺信息的STEP—NC程序。详细讨论了非均匀有理B样条曲面插补算法的实现,并通过仿真试验,验证了该方法的有效性。     

The design of a NURBS pre-interpolator for five-axis machining

A non-uniform, rational B-spline (NURBS) interpolator has great advantages for free-form surface machining compared to the conventional linear/circular interpolator. However, the existing NURBS interpolators can only handle the NURBS trajectory given in a customized NURBS G code. Also, it is limited to three-axis applications. In this paper, a NURBS pre-interpolator with three function options is proposed for a computer numerical control (CNC) system so that the NURBS interpolator can be thoroughly applied for five-axis machining. The first function is called the NURBS converter function, which is used to convert a series of linear/circular segments exactly into a NURBS curve. The second function is the NURBS smoother function, by which, a series of linear segments are fitted to a NURBS curve. The third option provides two kinds of NURBS G codes definition, by which, the NURBS trajectory with five axes can be represented directly. Upon using the three options of the NURBS pre-interpolator, a unified NURBS curve can be obtained for further interpolation. Two actual machining cases are conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed pre-interpolator.     

复杂自由曲面曲率分布特征对数控铣削性能的影响

针对复杂自由曲面的数控铣削性能难预测的问题,提出曲面曲率分布特征值,用于评价数控加工效率和加工精度。在构建的刀位面上策划等间距行走的刀位轨迹,建立刀位轨迹长度和刀具间的最大残余高度作为加工效率和加工精度的评价指标,分析曲面曲率分布特征值对加工效率和加工精度的影响。试验结果证明该自由曲面数控加工模式的有效性。分析发现,随着曲面曲率分布特征值增大,刀位轨迹长度和最大残余高度同时增加,导致加工效率和加工精度同时下降。此外,在曲面曲率分布特征值小于0.5 mm–1时,加工效率降低幅度不超过7 %,但加工精度却下降6～7倍。因此,曲面曲率分布特征值可用于评价和预测复杂自由曲面的数控铣削性能。     

5-axis double-flank CNC machining of spiral bevel gears via custom-shaped milling tools — Part I: Modeling and simulation

A new category of 5-axis flank computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining, called double-flank, is presented. Instead of using a predefined set of milling tools, we use the shape of the milling tool as a free parameter in our optimization-based approach and, for a given input free-form (NURBS) surface, compute a custom-shaped tool that admits highly-accurate machining. Aimed at curved narrow regions where the tool may have double tangential contact with the reference surface, like spiral bevel gears, the initial trajectory of the milling tool is estimated by fitting a ruled surface to the self-bisector of the reference surface. The shape of the tool and its motion then both undergo global optimization that seeks high approximation quality between the input free-form surface and its envelope approximation, fairness of the motion and the tool, and prevents overcutting. That is, our double-flank machining is meant for the semi-finishing stage and therefore the envelope of the motion is, by construction, penetration-free with the references surface. Our algorithm is validated by a commercial path-finding software and the prototype of the tool for a specific gear model is 3D printed.     

数控加工中基于自由曲面表面特性的刀具路径安排

目前CNC上的轨迹控制功能仍主要是直线和圆弧插补,因此当加工自由曲面时,大多只能采用直线或圆弧逼近算法来对曲线进行逼近处理。针对数控加工的实际需求,现在数控系统技术人员对数控机床插补器进行研究并开发出了许多曲线和曲面插补功能。基于曲线插补,在保持进给速度尽可能恒定的条件下,对刀位路径和刀位速度进行离线的曲线拟合,以便于得到用于数控加工的刀位文件。这种方法能有效解决进给速度的波动问题,并能有效压缩刀位文件。为此,提出几种算法来拟合刀位路径和刀位速度轮廓曲线。曲线和曲面插补在数控代码数据量和逼近误差方面都有较大的改善。     

Simultaneous 3D machining with real-time NURBS interpolation

Increasing demand on precision machining using computerized numerical control (CNC) machines have necessitated that the tool move not only with the smallest possible position error but also with smoothly varying feedrates in 3-dimensional (3D) space. This paper presents the simultaneous 3D machining process investigated using a retrofitted PC-NC milling machine. To achieve the simultaneous 3-axis motions, a new precision interpolation algorithm for 3D Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) curve is proposed. With this accurate and efficient algorithm for the generation of complex 3D shapes, a real-time NURBS interpolator was developed using a PC and the simultaneous 3D machining was accomplished satisfactorily.     

A Novel Method of Efficient Machining Error Compensation Based on NURBS Surface Control Points Reconstruction

A novel method to improve the efficiency of error compensation in free-form surface machining based on the Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) surface control points reconstruction is proposed in this article. With the presented method, a relatively small number of inspection points are needed to be measured for error compensation. The machined surface is obtained by reconstructing the control points of the designed surface based on the on-machine measurement data. The machining error of the surface is obtained by calculating the difference between the machined surface and the designed one. Then a compensate surface is achieved using the mirror symmetry model and surface modification method to compensate the machining error. Experimental validation for the milling of a NURBS surface shows that the machining accuracy of the surface is improved by 62.57% through use of the proposed method.     

A Study on an Open Architecture CNC System with a NURBS Interpolator for WEDM

This paper deals with the design and implementation of an open architecture CNC system for wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) with a consideration of the differences between WEDM and NC cutting machines. Work using open architecture controllers (OACs) has focused mainly on metal cutting machines. WEDM has many aspects similar to milling machines. However, there are differences in the machining processes and control strategies. To close the gap between previous general work on OAC and the WEDM specific needs, an open architecture NC model for WEDM comprised of a synchronisation kernel and an NC functional module is proposed. The proposed CNC system is applied to an existing commercial WEDM system by a retrofitting method. A precise NURBS interpolation function is implemented and sample runs are conducted with a NURBS interpolator that is added to the proposed system.     

五轴联动数控加工的刀具路径优化方法研究

为解决五轴联动加工复杂曲面过程中的刀具路径不连续问题,提出了五轴数控的刀具路径优化方法。通过五轴NC代码的坐标变换还原有效切削路径,对切削路径进行误差约束下的非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲线拟合。对旋转轴路径采用五次样条曲线进行插值,建立切削路径和旋转轴路径的参数映射关系,通过机床逆运动变换求解C2连续的平动轴路径。实验表明,经过该方法优化后,切削路径和各驱动轴运动路径具有良好的平滑性,显著提高了五轴加工曲面精度和表面质量。