季铵盐壳聚糖纳米荧光探针的制备及细胞渗入研究

将异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)接枝到N,N,N-三甲基壳聚糖盐酸盐(TMC)的侧基上,制备了荧光标记的壳聚糖衍生物TMC-g-FITC.其水溶液与羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)水溶液经凝聚复合,制备了TMC-g-FITC/CMC纳米粒子荧光探针.用激光散射仪和透射电镜表征了该纳米荧光探针的粒径、粒径分布、Zeta电位值和形态结构.结果表明,纳米粒子的粒径在150～360nm范围,粒径分布约为0.10,Zeta电荷值为正值.用MTT法检测了其细胞毒性,发现纳米粒子对细胞的抑制作用较弱,在实验浓度下细胞的抑制率均低于7%.通过激光共聚焦显微镜研究了TMC-g-FITC/CMC纳米粒子荧光探针对HepG2细胞的渗透和迁移过程:纳米粒子先是在细胞周围富集,然后逐渐渗入细胞的内部,最后直至进入细胞核.     

利用均匀磁场提高聚乙烯亚胺-Fe3O4纳米颗粒复合物的磁转染效果

首次研究了不同均匀度磁场对磁转染效果的影响。测定了单边Halbach磁体和商品化96孔磁板的磁场均匀度。以化学共沉淀法制备聚乙烯亚胺(Polyethyleneimine,PEI)修饰的四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4)纳米颗粒(PEI-Fe_3O_4),并用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、原子力显微镜、琼脂糖凝胶电泳等对其形貌、组成、DNA结合能力等进行表征。用倒置荧光显微镜、流式细胞术观察不同均匀度磁场下人肾上皮细胞(HEK293)对带有绿色荧光蛋白报告基因(GFP)的质粒pDNA(pAdTrackOK)的表达效果,并采用TEM观察PEI-Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒进入细胞的过程。结果显示,所选取的两种磁场均匀度相差约100倍。制备的PEI-Fe_3O_4纳米复合物具有超顺磁性,对质粒pDNA(pAdTrack-OK)有较好的复合能力,其最佳结合氮磷比为0.5;流式细胞术显示转染效率为PEI-Fe_3O_4-pDNA+均匀磁场组(77.75%±0.07%)PEI-Fe_3O_4-pDNA+不均匀磁场组(30.65%±0.49%)PEI-Fe_3O_4-pDNA不加磁场组(7.90%±0.56%)(p0.05);PEI-Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒能有效被细胞吞噬,且对细胞形态的影响不大。结果表明,当磁场强度一定时,磁场均匀度越高,磁转染效率越高,单边Halbach磁体与磁转染结合可以作为一种提高转染效率的新手段,也可以进一步应用在基因治疗中。     

聚乙烯亚胺改性的双介孔氧化硅基因载体构建

为了开发一种新型的非病毒无机基因载体, 采用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTMS)和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)对嵌入型双介孔氧化硅球(EDMSNs)进行改性, 分别得到EDMSNs-NH₂和EDMSNs-PEI, 并比较了两种载体结合和保护pCMV-EGFP-N1质粒(pDNA)的能力及细胞转染性能。利用透射电镜、动态光散射及氮气吸附-脱附实验对材料的颗粒形态, 动力学粒径, Zeta电位及孔结构参数进行表征。结果显示, EDMSNs-NH₂和EDMSNs-PEI均表现出明显的双介孔结构, 形貌为规整的球形且平均动力学粒径分别为343.2和338.9 nm, 表面电位分别为+18和+43 mV。琼脂糖凝胶电泳、CCK-8法及荧光显微镜结果表明, EDMSNs-PEI对pDNA的担载量为8%, 远高于EDMSNs- NH₂(1%)。与PEI和lipofectamine2000相比, EDMSNs-PEI载体展示出更低的细胞毒性。EDMSNs-PEI/pDNA质量比为33 : 1时, EDMSNs-PEI/pDNA对293T细胞的转染效率在72 h达到最大值。因此, 与EDMSNs-NH₂相比, EDMSNs-PEI具有更高的正电位及pDNA担载量, 可作为一类有前景的非病毒无机类基因载体用于重大疾病如恶性胶质瘤的治疗。     

Fe3O4纳米粒子与细胞的相互作用研究

研究10 nm粒径的表面未修饰Fe3O4纳米粒子在体外对人正常肝细胞HL-7702及人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的生长影响.通过倒置显微镜、透射电镜(TEM)观察加入Fe3O4纳米粒子后肝癌细胞和正常肝细胞的形态变化及磁性纳米粒子在细胞内分布状态.用CCK-8测定加入磁性纳米粒子培养后细胞增殖能力的变化.倒置显微镜、透...     

新型纳米基因载体(PEI/Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4)的制备、表征及体外实验

采用改良的化学共沉淀法制备锰锌铁氧体磁性纳米粒子,聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)对其进行表面修饰.利用XRD、EDS、TEM、SEM、FTIR、XPS、UV-vis、Zeta电位仪、电泳仪、荧光显微镜等手段对其形貌、物象、成份、表面包覆功能团、元素组成、表面电位、磁响应性、DNA结合保护、体外释放及转染能力进行表征.体外加热实验验证其升温恒温能力.XRD及EDS确认已成功制备锰锌铁氧体磁性纳米粒子.修饰后的磁性纳米粒子具有良好的分散性、磁响应性及升温恒温能力.红外光谱及XPS分析验证了PEI在磁性纳米粒子表面的吸附.修饰后磁性纳米粒子的等电点由pH=7.0移至pH=11.0.具有良好的DNA结合保护转染能力.有利于其在生物医学领域的应用.     

光照条件下亚甲基蓝改性的MWCNTs负载纳米Au对甲醇的电催化

将紫外光照射条件下亚甲基蓝功能化的多壁碳纳米管(f1-MWCNTs)作为Au纳米粒子的载体,Au纳米粒子通过光化学还原法制备获得后,负载于f1-MWCNTs表面。傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱(FTIR)表明,f1-MWCNTs表面存在C—N基团和N—H基团,为Au纳米粒子的负载提供了活性位点。透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射谱(XRD)表明,Au纳米粒子粒径约4.5nm左右,具有面心立方晶体结构,Au纳米粒子在f1-MWCNTs表面分散性良好。电化学实验结果表明,光照条件下改性碳纳米管所制备的催化剂(Au/f1-MWCNTs)对甲醇具有优异的催化性能,其质量电流密度是未经光照改性的碳纳米管负载Au纳米粒子催化剂(Au/f0-MWCNTs)的1.56倍。     

Pd-Ag合金纳米粒子合成及其催化性能研究

采用W/O微乳液法合成Pd-Ag合金纳米粒子并结合微乳浸渍工艺制备了负载型Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3催化剂。利用紫外-可见分光光度计和透射电子显微镜对合成的Pd-Ag合金纳米粒子进行表征,并考察了对乙炔加氢反应的催化性能。结果表明,在聚氧乙烯(4)月桂醚(Brij30)/正辛烷/水微乳液体系中加入聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP),对生成的纳米粒子起到二次保护作用,Pd与Ag以合金纳米粒子形式稳定存在且粒径大小均一,粒径在1～2nm,可随PVP以薄膜形态负载并分散在Al_2O_3表面。当PVP相对分子质量为8000～10000,cPVP8:c(Pd+Ag)=0.1时,合成的Pd-Ag合金纳米粒子数量最多,粒径最小,制备的Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3催化剂具有良好的乙炔加氢活性和选择性。     

Au@HZIF催化剂制备及其CO_2催化加氢性能

采用传统浸渍法与纳米粒子封装法,将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)保护的金纳米粒子负载到杂化沸石咪唑酯骨架材料(HZIF)上,通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和N2物理吸附脱附等手段对负载前后的样品进行了表征,并研究了该催化剂对CO_2氢化反应在不同条件下的催化效率。结果表明:纳米粒子封装法所制备的Au@HZIF材料具有较好的催化性能与稳定性,并具有一定的再生性能。     

氨基修饰磁性氧化铁纳米粒子的制备

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为溶剂,高温热分解乙酰丙酮铁(Fe(acac)3)合成了磁性氧化铁纳米粒子。为改善氧化铁纳米粒子表面性能和生物应用潜能,分别用N,N二甲基甲酰胺和聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)进行表面修饰,在氧化铁纳米粒子表面接枝-NH2活性官能团。分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、动态光散射(DSL)对样品进行了表征测试。XRD和TEM结果表明高温热分解法合成的纳米粒子平均粒径为10nm,具有较好的结晶性和单分散性;FT-IR、DSL粒径和表面电位测试结果表明氨基官能团成功修饰在氧化铁纳米粒子表面,同时使氧化铁纳米粒子在水溶液中的稳定性增强。     

碳纳米管/石墨烯负载PtRu催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化

以碳纳米管(CNT)和石墨烯(GNS)混合材料作为载体,采用微波还原法将PtRu纳米粒子负载到混合载体表面,制备了PtRu/CNT-GNS纳米催化剂。透射电镜(TEM)结果显示,PtRu纳米粒子均匀地分散在混合载体表面,粒径分布范围较窄,平均粒径约为2.17nm。电化学测试结果表明,与单一碳载体负载的催化剂PtRu/CNT相比,PtRu/CNT-GNS呈现出更高的甲醇氧化活性和更好的抗中毒能力。     

Synthesis and properties of N, N, N ′-tris-(2-ethoxy-naphthalenen-1-yl)??? N, N, N ′ triphenylbenzene 1, 3, 5-triamine for dye sensitized solar cell

New starburst ethoxy naphthylamine is synthesized using multi-step organic reactions. The synthesized compound is characterized using UV-Visible, FT?CIR and NMR spectrometric techniques. The thermal and electrochemical property of the compound was studied using DSC and cyclic voltammetry. Using this compound and a natural dye, organic dye sensitized solid state solar cell was fabricated and the performance analysed.     

Electrosynthesis and properties of N,N dimethylaniline

Poly-N,N-dimethylaniline was prepared by electrochemical polymerization of the monomer on gold, platinum and tin oxide electrodes in an acid medium. The polymer was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. Poly-N,N-dimethylaniline electrodes, modified by electrodeposition of palladium particles, were prepared.     

N,N,N-三甲基-1-金刚烷基季铵盐的合成

以金刚烷胺为原料,通过艾希魏勒-克拉克反应(Eschweiler-Clarke)合成了N,N-二甲基金刚烷胺,优化反应条件为金刚烷胺∶甲酸∶甲醛的摩尔比为1∶5∶4,反应时间为18h,温度为98℃,产物收率93.4%,进而合成了N,N,N-三甲基-1-金刚烷基季铵盐,产物收率90.5%,其结构经1H-NMR,13C NMR,MS和GC-MS表征。     

橡胶硫化剂N,N''''-间苯撑双马来酰亚胺的合成

研究了以乙酸做溶剂,以马来酸酐和间苯二胺为主要原料合成间苯撑双马来酰亚胺的合成方法;通过正交试验,找出了反应的优化条件;通过熔点仪、红外光谱仪、高效液相色谱仪对合成产品进行定性和定量分析.结果表明:溶剂乙酸的用量为间苯二胺质量的3倍,反应容易操作进行;催化剂与间苯二胺的摩尔比为0.05～0.3;马来酸酐与间苯二胺的摩尔比为2.1/1,在此优化条件下产物的得率为90.2%;红外光谱图与标准图谱一致,合成产物的含量为96%.     

五羟乙基二乙烯三胺在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中对2024铝的缓蚀性能

为抑制2024铝在硫酸酸洗液中的腐蚀,以二乙烯三胺与2-溴乙醇为主要原料合成了五羟乙基二乙烯三胺(PHT),采用静态失重法、极化曲线法和电化学阻抗谱研究了PHT在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中对2024铝的缓蚀性能,通过扫描电子显微镜进行了腐蚀形貌分析,并通过腐蚀反应动力学和吸附模型探讨了其缓蚀机理.结果 表明:25℃下PHT的缓蚀效率随其浓度的增加而增大,当PHT的浓度为700 mg/L时,其缓蚀效率可达90.85％以上,具有显著的缓蚀性能.PHT的添加显著增大了腐蚀反应的表观活化能,有效抑制了腐蚀反应的进行,是一种以抑制阳极过程为主的混合型缓蚀剂.25℃下PHT在2024铝表面的吸附是物理吸附和化学吸附的混合吸附,且吸附遵循Langrnuir吸附等温模型.     

Targeted thrombolysis by using c-RGD-modified N,N,N-Trimethyl Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with lumbrokinase

Lumbrokinase (LK) has strong fibrinolytic and thrombolytic activities, but it has a short half-life, can be easily inactivated, and may cause hemorrhage as a side effect. This study develops a potential thrombolytic therapy by fabricating N,N,N-Trimethyl Chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles modified with the cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Lys peptide (c-RGD) and loaded with LK (i.e. c-RGD-LK-NPs). The binding of c-RGD to platelet membrane GPIIb/IIIa receptors is expected to enable targeted delivery of the c-RGD-conjugated TMC to the thrombus. The synthesized c-RGD-LK-NPs had a mean particle size of 232.0?nm, zeta potential of 19.8?mV, entrapment efficiency of 52.7%?±?2.5%, and loading efficiency of 17.4%?±?0.65%. Transmission electron microscopy showed that they were generally spherical. The c-RGD-LK-NPs gave a cumulative in vitro LK release of 80.6% over 8?h, and the activity of LK was close to 80%, indicating that the nanoparticles protected the activity of LK. In vitro blood clot lysis assays were carried out and in vivo thrombolysis effect was tested in Sprague-Dawley rats carotid artery thrombus model. In all cases, the c-RGD-LK-NPs showed superior performance compared with the free LK and the unmodified TMC nanoparticles loaded with LK. The c-RGD-LK-NPs reagent is expected to be potentially useful in treating thromboembolic diseases.     

Adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) on modified natural zeolite by a new bolaform N,N,N,N',N',N'-hexamethyl-1,9-nonanediammonium dibromide reagent

The demand for effective adsorbents is to increase in response to the widespread recognition of the deleterious health effects of Cr(VI)-oxyanions exposure through drinking water. In this study, Cr(VI)-oxyanions uptake from aqueous solutions by a new bolaform N,N,N,N',N',N'-hexamethyl-1,9-nonanediammonium dibromide reagent-modified natural zeolitic materials from Zahedan, Iran, was investigated using batch technique. Spectrophotometry method was used for Cr determination. The Cr(VI)-solution concentration varied between 2 and 104 mg L(-1). It was shown that the Cr(VI) uptake strongly depended on pH. The maximum removal of Cr(VI) occurred in acidic media at pH<1.5. The amounts of Cr(VI) adsorbed increased with increase in dose of both adsorbents and their contact time. Based on results an adsorption mechanism has been suggested. The adsorption data for modified zeolite using the amine was consistent with Langmuir isotherm equation and the equilibrium data was analyzed using the Langmuir isotherm.     

二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺的合成和性能

采用3种方法合成了二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺（BDM），用IR、DSC、SEM和凝胶化时间等方法表征和分析了各法合成BDM及其副产物（BPC）的结构和性能，探讨了BPC的影响。研究认为，BPC能抑制BDM的聚合和活性，对BDM性能不利，文中探索了合成BDM时减少BPC含的若干途径。     

Sol-Gel Processing of Zr(C,N,O) and Al(C,N,O) Powders

,-Diaminoparaxylene was reacted with Zr(OPr ⁿ )₄ at a molar ratio r = 2 or with Al(OBu ^s )₃ with a molar ratio r = 1.5 or 2. Characterization of the obtained hybrid organic–inorganic gels by FTIR, XRD, TGA, and ¹³C CP-MAS NMR showed that a substitution reaction occurred between the OPr ⁿ or OBu ^s groups of the alkoxides and the HN—CH₂—C₆H₄—CH₂—NH groups of the diamine. Powders derived from hybrid gels pyrolysis were also analyzed.