凝胶淀粉的制备与应用研究

采用玉米凝胶淀粉的中试产品，作果冻胶凝剂，冰淇淋、发酵乳酸饮料等的增稠稳定剂。试验表明：玉米凝胶淀粉具有良好的凝胶性能，可替代明胶、羧甲基纤维素钠等作胶凝剂和增稠稳定剂。     

马铃薯凝胶淀粉的理化特性研究

通过与玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉相比较,系统研究了马铃薯凝胶淀粉的理化特性,包括:粘度的测定;热糊与冷糊的稳定性;不同pH值及电解质(NaCl)和非电解质(蔗糖)存在下的粘度曲线;凝胶强度;冻融稳定性. 结果表明:马铃薯凝胶淀粉比天然淀粉具有优良的热糊与冷糊的稳定性,电解质(NaCl)和非电解质(蔗糖)的存在,对马铃薯凝胶淀粉的热糊与冷糊的稳定性基本上无影响,凝胶强度高,冻融稳定性好,尤其是耐酸性能强,可作为凝胶剂而广泛应用于各种食品加工体系。     

酯化交联淀粉反应及性质的研究(Ⅲ)——糊性质和应用

与木薯原淀粉作比较 ,测定了不同取代度、交联度的酯化交联淀粉糊的流变性、透明度、凝沉性和冻融稳定性的变化规律 ,并且试验其在酱油中的增稠效果     

羧甲基籼米淀粉的理化性质及其在冰淇淋中的应用

以实验室制备得到的羧甲基籼米淀粉(DS=0.49)为原料,对其主要的性质作了详细的研究包括溶解度、膨胀度、冻融稳定性、动态流变性、静态流变性及质构特性。同时,以膨胀率,融化度和感官评价为指标,研究了其作为增稠稳定剂在冰淇淋的应用效果。结果表明,羧甲基化后的籼米淀粉的溶解度、膨胀度均有明显提高,冻融稳定性也明显改善。由静态流变曲线可知,羧甲基淀粉具有更高的表观黏度及凝胶稳定性;动态流变曲线表明,羧甲基淀粉的糊化温度降低,抗老化能力提高。质构数据说明羧甲基淀粉的凝胶强度较低。在冰淇淋制备中添加羧甲基籼米淀粉作为增稠稳定剂,能显著改善冰淇淋的品质特性,添加量在0.3%时得到的冰淇淋膨胀率大于90%,具有较好的抗融化能力,外观和口感较好。     

蕉藕淀粉与薯类淀粉特性对比研究

为探索蕉藕淀粉应用范围,选取木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、红薯淀粉等薯类淀粉为对照,对蕉藕淀粉与常见薯类淀粉的组成、吸水(油)率、溶解度、膨胀度、透明度、凝沉性、凝胶强度、冻融稳定性及黏度等特性进行了对比分析。结果显示:蕉藕淀粉与常见薯类淀粉特性相比除吸水性差异不显著外,吸油率、溶解度、膨胀度、透明度、凝沉性、凝胶强度、冻融稳定性及黏度变化均存在显著差异,可利用蕉藕淀粉直链淀粉含量高、透明度好、凝胶强度高等特性,开发新型淀粉食品和增稠稳定剂。     

磷酸二酯交联淀粉的研究

采用正交设计试验方法,三偏磷酸钠和磷酰氯为交联剂,研制磷酸二酯交联淀粉,获得最佳工艺条件,可以工业化生产。水解物用作果冻胶凝剂和豆乳增稠穗定剂,试验表明凝胶剂强度强,稳定性好,使用简便,是易分散于冷水的速溶凝胶淀粉。     

马铃薯淀粉及其7种变性淀粉糊液特性的比较研究

通过对马铃薯淀粉(PS)及其7种变性淀粉(醋酸酯淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、磷酸酯双淀粉、乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯、氧化淀粉、氧化羟丙基淀粉)在糊化温度、峰值黏度、热稳定性、凝胶性、抗剪切、耐酸性、冻融稳定性和透明度等性能差异的研究,探讨了不同改性方式对马铃薯淀粉糊特性的影响。结果表明:⑴羟丙基和醋酸酯改性均可降低马铃薯淀粉的糊化温度,提高淀粉峰值黏度,增加糊液透明度和冻融稳定性,但淀粉糊的热稳定性和凝胶性差;⑵交联改性提高了马铃薯淀粉的糊化温度和凝胶性,增强了糊液热稳定性和耐酸性,但透明度降低;⑶氧化处理降低了马铃薯淀粉的糊化温度和峰值黏度,提高淀粉糊透明度;(4)双重改性处理的复合变性淀粉同时兼有二种单一变性淀粉的共同特性,其中:氧化羟丙基淀粉的透明度最好,羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯的冻融稳定性最好。     

酸改性淀粉流变特性及凝胶化性质的研究

本文比较研究了几种不同原淀粉及改性淀粉的流变特性及凝胶化性质，包括：淀粉糊性质的研究，温度、浓度、PH对淀粉糊表观粘度的影响，淀粉凝胶强度及凝胺质构的研究等。结果表明：酸踟性淀粉具有低粘度、高浓度下稳定的凝肢性、并具有良好的咀嚼性和弹性，可以在食品工业中广泛应用的一种良好的食品胶凝剂。     

甘薯淀粉磷酸酯凝胶特性及结构初步分析

研究了甘薯淀粉磷酸酯的凝胶特性,初步探讨了质量浓度、pH、电解质及非电解质等因素对甘薯淀粉磷酸酯凝胶强度的影响,揭示甘薯淀粉磷酸酯糊的凝胶特性。并利用红外光谱和X射线衍射对甘薯淀粉磷酸酯结构进行初步分析,为食品工业中利用甘薯淀粉磷酸酯替代或部分替代食品工业中价格较高的胶凝剂提供依据。     

变性淀粉生产方法及在食品中的应用

变性淀粉比原粉淀粉具有更好的增稠性，稳定性，胶凝性，耐剪切性等。本文介绍了一些化学变性淀粉的生产方法及食品用变性淀粉的性能要求和应用情况。     

Starch Conversion During Extrusion as Affected by Added Gelatin

Waxy maize starch was modified by twin-screw extrusion cooking in the presence and absence of gelatin. X-ray diffraction, microscopy, rheology, and differential scanning calorimetry studies showed that, at constant specific mechanical energy and extruder heater temperatures, the degree of starch conversion decreased with increasing levels of gelatin. It was hypothesized that during extrusion cooking, the gelatin acts as a lubricant, protecting the starch from being converted since more mechanical energy would be dissipated in the gelatin phase than the starch phase.     

Starch‐biopolymer interactions—a review

Abstract

This report presents an overview of the interactions between native starch and other biopolymers used in the food industry. Therefore it is appropriate here to describe some of the important major properties of starch that may be affected by the presence of other food biopolymers. Thus, the molecular organization and the gelatinization and retrogradation process of native starch will be discussed as well as the role of minor components (protein and lipid) in starch. The interaction between starch and proteins (particularly gelatin) and starch and polysaccharide hydrocolloids will be considered, and pro‐tein‐polysaccharide interactions mainly involving gelatin in the presence of other hydrocolloids will also be briefly reviewed.     

淀粉衍生物在冰淇淋中的应用研究

本文对淀粉衍生物替代明胶作为冰淇淋稳定剂进行了探讨。实验证明,凡具有良好冻融稳定性和粘度稳定性的淀粉衍生物均可用于冰淇淋生产。     

A Novel Thermoreversible Gelling Product Made by Enzymatic Modification of Starch

Amylomaltases or D‐enzyme (4‐α‐glucanotransferases; E.C. 2.4.1.25) are carbohydrate‐active enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucan units from one α‐glucan to another in a disproportionation reaction. These enzymes are involved in starch metabolism in plants or maltose/glycogen metabolism in many microorganisms. The amylomaltase of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB8 was overproduced in Escherichia coli, partially purified and used to modify potato starch. The action of amylomaltase caused the disappearance of amylose and the broadening of the side‐chain length distribution in amylopectin, which resulted in a product with both shorter and longer side chains than in the parent starch. Amylomaltase‐treated potato starch showed thermoreversible gelation at concentrations of 3% (w/v) or more, thus making it comparable to gelatin. Because of its animal origin, gelatin is not accepted by several consumer groups. Therefore, the amylomaltase‐treated potato starch might be a good plant‐derived substitute for gelatin.     

应用RVA仪分析荸荠淀粉的糊化特性

为了更好地开发利用荸荠淀粉,以荸荠淀粉为原料,采用快速黏度分析仪(RVA)分析淀粉糊化特性,研究不同淀粉质量分数和同一淀粉质量分数下pH、蔗糖、食盐、黄原胶以及明胶对荸荠淀粉糊化性质的影响。结果表明,随着淀粉质量分数的增大,荸荠淀粉的糊化温度降低,凝胶性及凝沉性增强;pH值对荸荠淀粉的热稳定性、凝胶性和抗老化能力没有明显的影响,而在酸性条件下荸荠淀粉糊的凝沉性比在碱性条件下的稍好;加入蔗糖后淀粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度均显著提高,糊化时间增长;食盐对荸荠淀粉的影响不大;加入黄原胶会影响荸荠淀粉的糊化;加入明胶后淀粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度均显著降低。     

壳聚糖木薯淀粉明胶复合可食抗菌保鲜膜性能的研究

研究了壳聚糖/木薯淀粉/明胶/甘油共混膜的机械性能、透湿性能、透气性能及共混涂膜的防腐保鲜效果。结果表明,木薯淀粉、明胶、甘油、木薯淀粉与明胶交互作用对共混膜的抗拉强度影响显著;对断裂伸长率影响显著的因素为木薯淀粉、明胶、甘油及其二次项、明胶与甘油的交互项;对共混膜透湿系数影响显著的主要因素是木薯淀粉、甘油、木薯淀粉与木薯淀粉之间的交互作用;木薯淀粉、明胶、木薯淀粉与木薯淀粉之间的交互作用对共混膜的透气系数影响也是显著的。此外,此共混涂膜具有一定的防腐作用。     

Starch-gelatin edible films: Water vapor permeability and mechanical properties as affected by plasticizers

Physical and mechanical properties of edible films based on blends of sago starch and fish gelatin plasticized with glycerol or sorbitol (25%, w/w) were investigated. Film forming solutions of different ratios of sago starch to fish gelatin (1:0, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1) were used and cast at room temperature. Amylose content of sago starch was between 32 and 34% and the protein content of the fish gelatin was found to be 81.3%. The findings of this study showed that the addition of fish gelatin in starch solutions has a significant effect (p < 0.05), resulting in films with lower tensile strength (TS) and higher water vapor permeability (WVP). On the other hand, increasing protein content (from 10.9% to 21.6%) in film samples plasticized with sorbitol showed significantly lower (p < 0.05) TS but no trend was observed in % elongation-at-break (EAB) and no differences in WVP. However, TS decreased with higher protein content in the samples when either plasticizers were used in general, but no significance differences was observed among the samples (p < 0.05) with glycerol with exception to film with high protein content (21.6%) only and no trend was observed in % EAB among samples as well. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in TS and viscosity between different formulations with sorbitol. The morphology study of the sago starch/fish gelatin films showed smoother surfaces with decreasing protein in the samples with either plasticizer. DSC scans showed that plasticizers and protein content incorporated with sago starch films reduced the glass transition temperature (T_g) and melting temperature (T_m) and the melting enthalpy (ΔH_m). In this study, observation of a single T_g is an indication of the compatibility of the sago starch and fish gelatin polymers to form films at the concentration levels used.     

变性淀粉对鲜切米粉凝胶品质的影响研究

添加变性淀粉能改善鲜切米粉的凝胶特性。从9种变性淀粉中筛选出1种能使鲜切米粉的凝胶特性明显改善的变性淀粉,并通过正交试验得到其最佳作用条件为:保湿凝胶时间30 min,变性淀粉添加量2.0%,含水量55%。