高温应变时效对P92钢高温低周疲劳性能的影响

分别在应力与应变控制下对P92钢进行550℃高温低周疲劳试验,研究该钢在不同应变幅(0.2％～1.0％)和应力幅(280～350 MPa)下的疲劳行为;对P92钢进行不同预拉伸应变(0～4％)和温度(250～350℃)下的应变时效处理后,研究该钢的高温拉伸与低周疲劳性能.结果表明:在应变控制下,P92钢的应变与疲劳寿命关系符合Manson-Coffin方程,在低应变幅(低于0.7％)下P92钢出现先循环硬化后循环软化现象;在应力控制下,应变与疲劳寿命关系不遵循Manson-Coffin方程,高应力幅(350 MPa)下P92钢出现先循环硬化后循环软化现象;应变时效处理可提高P92钢的屈服强度,且高温拉伸曲线出现Portevin-Le Chatelier屈服效应;应变时效处理后P92钢在应力控制下的应变与寿命关系不遵循Manson-Coffin方程,且其低周疲劳寿命大幅降低.     

核级管道不锈钢316LN的低周疲劳特性研究

在室温下,对核级管道不锈钢材料316LN试样进行了不同应变幅的低周疲劳试验研究,得到了316LN试样的循环应力-应变响应特征及低周疲劳寿命曲线。基于疲劳过程中、不同应变幅水平下,循环应力-应变迟滞回线的试验结果,分析了应力峰值、谷值和循环弹性模量随疲劳循环数的变化规律,研究了316LN试样的疲劳特性和疲劳寿命曲线特征,并与ASME疲劳设计曲线进行了对比。试验结果表明,试样初始循环表现出循环硬化,随后表现出循环软化直至失效;初始前10%疲劳寿命期内循环弹性模量缓慢下降,然后几乎保持不变,在达到80%～90%寿命后开始下降; Basquin和Manson-Coffin公式可以很好地描述0. 2%～0. 7%应变幅范围内的应变-疲劳寿命曲线。     

保持时间对FGH95粉末盘材料热/机械疲劳行为与寿命的影响

对粉末冶金盘材料FGH95合金进行了应变比为-1.0的同相位三角波和同相位梯形波,350℃(?)600℃热/机械疲劳试验研究。试验结果表明:在相同应变幅下,同相位三角波载荷情况下的热/机械疲劳寿命比同相位梯形波载荷情况下的热/机械疲劳寿命长。研究了在两种载荷情况下材料的热/机械疲劳循环应力响应行为。试样断口的微观分析表明:在热/机械疲劳过程中,同时存在疲劳、蠕变和氧化损伤;在同相位三角波载荷下,穿晶 沿晶断裂为疲劳断裂的主要特征;在同相位梯形波载荷下,裂纹主要为沿晶萌生与扩展。这是导致在同相位梯形波载荷下疲劳寿命缩短的主要原因。     

304不锈钢应变强化疲劳寿命的试验研究

不锈钢应变强化压力容器广泛应用到液态气体的储存和运输,研究应变强化不锈钢材料的疲劳寿命对保证该类结构的安全运行具有重要的意义。分别对室温下304不锈钢未预应变强化、10%预应变强化和15%预应变强化三类材料进行了应变控制下的低周疲劳寿命测试,应变幅值变化范围为±0.3%到±0.7%。从试验结果中获得了三种情况下材料的疲劳特性和疲劳S-N曲线,并与ASME BPVC VIII-2等标准进行了对比,发现采用预应变强化疲劳寿命设计曲线进行评价可以提高结构的设计疲劳寿命。     

不同温度下15CrMoR循环塑性实验研究及低周疲劳寿命预测

在20℃,200℃,300℃和400℃下对15CrMoR进行了循环塑性行为和棘轮效应—疲劳交互作用的实验研究。不同温度下全寿命内循环塑性实验表明,非对称循环加载的大部分时段棘轮应变率基本保持稳定,后期接近失效阶段才急速增大。各温度下棘轮应变随平均应力、应力幅的增大而增大。低周疲劳寿命受平均应力和应力幅的共同影响,但应力幅的影响更大。与Coffin-Manson模型及Morrow修正模型相比,各温度下MSRS模型对材料疲劳寿命的预测更为准确。采用含温度参数的MSRS模型可较方便地预测不同温度下材料的疲劳寿命。     

超超临界汽轮机高中压转子钢高温低周疲劳性能研究

采用应变控制对超超临界汽轮机12％Cr转子钢进行高温低周疲劳试验,并对试验结果进行了讨论.拟合了循环应力-应变曲线和应变-寿命曲线,得到该材料的室温低周疲劳特性参数,包括Ramberg-Osgood参数和Manson-Coffin参数,推测出该材料的转变寿命.对转子不同位置(外缘,芯部)进行取样分析,探讨其低周疲劳性能差异,并对不同应变幅控制下的应力、寿命变化进行了深入研究.     

P92钢的高温低周疲劳行为及寿命预测

采用RPL50型动蠕变试验机对P92钢进行630℃和不同应变幅下的低周疲劳试验,研究了P92钢的高温低周疲劳行为;基于塑性应变能密度与硬度、应力幅和低周疲劳寿命的关系,采用基于能量的硬度法对其低周疲劳寿命进行预测,并与试验结果进行对比。结果表明:P92钢是一种循环软化材料,其初始归一化应力幅随应变幅的增加而增加,且不同应变幅下的归一化应力幅均随循环周次的增加而降低;随着应变幅的增加,弹性应变幅保持稳定,塑性应变幅近似线性增加,软化率也相应增加,并最终稳定在0.3左右;硬度与应变幅满足良好的线性关系;基于能量的硬度法可以较准确地预测P92钢在630℃时的高温低周疲劳寿命,计算得到的预测寿命均位于试验寿命的±1.5倍标准偏差内。     

30Cr2MoV汽轮机转子钢的低循环疲劳特性

本文主要研究了30Cr2MoV 转子钢在不同温度下应变控制的恒幅低循环疲劳特性,测定了表征材料低循环疲劳特性的各基本参量。给出了材料的真应变和循环寿命;虚拟应力和循环寿命以及循环条件下的应力—应变关系,并对影响低循环疲劳寿命的因素进行了分析,从而为使用该材料的调峰机组汽轮机转子的疲劳设计和寿命管理提供重要依据.     

TP347H的高温蠕变-疲劳交互规律

对TP347H不锈钢进在550℃下纯疲劳及550℃下的蠕变-疲劳交互下的微观组织演化及疲劳寿命变化进行研究。断口的扫描电镜形貌表明在蠕变-疲劳交互下存在高温动态回复,使得蠕变-疲劳断口未形成二次裂纹与解理面,而在纯疲劳下存在较多二次裂纹与解理面;透射电镜形貌表明在蠕变疲劳交互下金属内部局部会形成清晰的位错墙和位错胞结构,错增殖密度相对于纯疲劳也大大降低,此时材料的循环软化特征明显,因此蠕变-疲劳交互会导致材料的疲劳寿命显著降低。对不同应变幅下TP347H的蠕变-疲劳寿命试验证明不同应变幅下TP347不锈钢的蠕变-疲劳循环寿命相对于纯疲劳条件下都有降低,降低的程度随应变幅的增加而增大。     

应变强化022Cr17Ni12Mo2奥氏体不锈钢室温低周疲劳性能研究

采用MTS809伺服液压试验机、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪,研究了应变强化022Cr17Ni12Mo2奥氏体不锈钢的室温低周疲劳性能。研究结果表明：与固溶处理（ST）试样相比,应变强化（PSS）试样显示了较低的全应变疲劳寿命。除预应变4%试样在应变幅0.25%以及预应变8%试样在应变幅0.25%,0.5%表现了连续的软化,ST与PSS试样在整个循环中显示了初始循环硬化的应力响应。ST和PSS试样的裂纹萌生、扩展模式均为穿晶扩展。采用Manson―Coffin方程对各试样的低周疲劳寿命进行了预测。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.