Cu-Zn合金铸件的色泽特性

研究了Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ合金铸件的色泽特性与Ｚｎ质量分数变化的规律,并与三种Ｋ金（２４Ｋ,１８Ｋ和１４Ｋ）的色度参数进行了比较。结果表明,随Ｚｎ质量分数的增加,合金表面色中的红色成分先减少然后增加,而黄色成分和明度值先增加然后减少;合金的表面色泽由铜色向金黄色、黄色、绿黄、黄、金黄色变化。通过调整Ｚｎ质量分数,可获得色泽接近１８Ｋ和１４Ｋ金表面色的合金,但不能获得色泽接近２４Ｋ金表面色的合金。     

COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF BINARY COPPER-BASE ALLOYS

The effect of Al, Zn, Sn, Mn, Si and Ni on the color characteristics of binary copper-base alloys has been researched systematically and quantitatively. The results show that all alloying elements decrease the red content of an alloy at different levels but have different effects on the yellow color. Al and Zn enhance the yellow content of an alloy, whereas Sn, Mn, Si and Ni decrease the yellow content. When the alloys with different karat gold colors are imitated, Al and Zn are the most important color mixing elements and Sn, Mn, Si and Ni can be used as auxiliary.     

微量元素对人工培育宝石级大单晶钻石颜色的影响

利用六面顶压机采用高温高压法,以FeCo40合金为触媒,高纯石墨为碳源,在一定压力及温度梯度下研究不同微量元素的添加对培育宝石级大单晶钻石颜色的影响。结果发现:随着Ti添加量的增加,培育宝石级大单晶钻石的颜色由深黄色变为浅黄色,直至无色;同时,添加微量元素B,晶体颜色由无色变成淡蓝色,直至深蓝色。      

添加Sn及热处理对Co38Ni34Al28-xSnx磁性形状记忆合金显微组织和显微硬度的影响（英文）

在Co38Ni34Al28合金体系中添加 Sn,研究Sn含量及不同的热处理温度（1373 K,1473 K,1573 K）下,保温2h对Co38Ni34Al28-xSnx（x=1,2,3）合金显微组织和硬度的影响。结果表明,添加适量的Sn使合金中γ相组织减少;在1573K保温2h后,在室温下获得部分马氏体组织;当Sn 替代 2%Al 时,其显微组织中马氏体组织的比例较高。随着Sn含量的增多和热处理温度的升高,合金的硬度也随着增大。另外,合金马氏体的逆相变温度在Sn含量为1%和2%时升高,在Sn含量为3%时反而降低。     

粉末冶金法制备Al x CuFeNiCoCr高熵合金及其性能

采用粉末冶金法制备了Al_xCuFeNiCoCr高熵合金。研究了铝含量对合金性能和组织的影响,并讨论了合金制备过程中晶粒性能的变化。结果表明,在球磨过程中合金晶粒细化,且合金晶粒尺寸随Al含量的增加而增大。在烧结过程中,合金中会产生新的晶粒,并首先吸收一定热量形成含Al的金属间化合物。在1200 ℃加热2 h后,获得具有简单晶体结构的相,证实了高熵合金的形成。根据获得的能谱,合金组成均匀,合金化程度高。然而,随着Al含量的增加,出现了少量具有高Al含量的高对比度区域。合金具有良好的高温抗氧化性能和抗电化学腐蚀性能。随着铝含量的增加,合金的高温抗氧化性能提高。当Al含量为1mol%时,自腐蚀电压为-235 mV。随着Al含量的增加,硬度也增加。结果表明,当Al含量为1mol%时,合金具有最佳综合性能。     

二元黄铜表面色的定量研究

采用CIE LAB表色系统, 用明度L*、色品a*和b*描述合金的颜色. 通过分光光度计定量地测定了Cu-Zn二元黄铜的色度参数, 探讨了L*, a*, b*和C*随Zn含量的变化规律, 给出了常用二元黄铜表面色的定量定性结果. 研究表明, Cu-Zn二元合金的色度参数a*和b*值可以通过数学公式模拟计算, 从而预计二元黄铜的表面色.     

铝黄铜仿金合金色度研究

基于CIELAB色度学知识,定量研究了Cu含量在70％时,Al和Zn的成分变化对合金的颜色值、抗变色性以及氧化性的影响.结果发现,Al的添加会导致合金表面颜色黄色的因素减弱,从而使合金表面颜色与黄金色差加大,从而提高了合金的抗变色性以及合金的硬度.另外,探讨了影响抗变色性和抗氧化性的可能因素.     

Relationship between color and composition of Cu-Mn-Zn alloys

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔＮｉｃａｎｍｉｇｒａｔｅｆｒｏｍａｎａｌｌｏｙｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｈｕｍａｎｓｋｉｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｓｗｅａｔａｎｄｃａｎｇｉｖｅｒｉｓｅｔｏｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｚａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆａｌｌｅｒｇｉｅｓ[1～3] .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ｓｔｒｉｃｔｅｒｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓａｎｄｒｅｇｕｌａ ｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｍａｄｅｔｏｌｉｍｉｔｏｒｐｒｏｈｉｂｉｔｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓｗｉｔｈｎｉｃｋｅ…     

Mg-9Zn—xAl合金的显微组织和力学性能

借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、显微硬度计及电子万能试验机等研究了Mg-9Zn-xAl（x=2％、4％、6％）合金的显微组织和力学性能。试验结果表明：随着Al含量的增加,晶粒尺寸呈不断减小的趋势,合金中的第二相由断续状分布向连续网状转变;当Al含量为2％和4％时,合金主要由α-Mg基体相、τ-Mg32（Al,Zn）49相和MgZn相组成,当Al增加到6％时,合金主要由α-Mg基体相、τ-Mg32（Al,Zn）49相和少量Mg5Zn2A12相组成。抗拉强度随着Al含量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,当Al含量为4％时,抗拉强度为171MPa;伸长率和硬度随着Al含量的增加而逐渐增加,当Al含量为6％时,硬度为133HV。     

不同加钛方法对6063合金细化的研究

加钛方式不同，钛含量不同，对铝及其合金的晶粒细化效果不同。对比研究了用电解低钛铝合金、加Al—5Ti中间合金、Al—5Ti—1B中间合金及电解低钛铝合金加Al—B中间合金4种加钛方式及不同钛含量对6063合金的晶粒细化效果。研究结果表明：不同的加钛方式对6063合金均有明显的细化效果，随着钛含量增加，晶粒逐渐变细；钛含量相同时，电解加钛的细化效果优于Al—5Ti中间合金的细化效果；当合金中含有硼时，钛含量相同时，电解加钛加Al—B中间合金的细化效果优于加Al—5Ti—1B的细化效果。     

铝含量和退火温度对锆铝合金相组成和力学性能的影响

利用非自耗电弧炉熔炼了Al含量为6.0%,7.0%,8.0%(质量分数)的锆铝二元合金,通过退火过程中的包析反应得到了不同相组成的Zr3Al基合金,借助光学显微镜、XRD分析研究了合金的金相组织和相组成,进行了显微硬度测定和拉伸试验。结果表明:铸态的锆铝合金显微硬度随着铝含量的增加而增大;退火可得到组织均匀的Zr3Al基合金,其显微硬度和抗拉强度主要与相组成和基体晶粒大小有关,而与第二相的形态无关;合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度随着Zr3Al相的增多而增大,延伸率随着Zr3Al相的增多而减小;合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率随着Zr3Al晶粒的细化而不同程度地增大。     

Cu坯料纯度对Cu46Zr42Al7Gd5合金非晶形成能力与显微硬度的影响

采用铜模吸铸法制备直径为3 mm的Cu46Zr42Al7Gd5块体非晶合金;研究Cu坯料纯度对该合金非晶形成能力、热稳定性和显微硬度的影响.结果表明:采用纯度较低的Cu坯料,分别以25%和50%的比例替代纯度较高的Cu坯料后,仍可制备直径为3 mm的非晶态合金;当替代比例提高到75%或更高时,合金呈现完全晶态相;当替代比例为25%时,合金的玻璃化转变温度为669 K,晶化温度为749 K,过冷液相区为80 K;当替代比例为50%时,合金的玻璃转化温度为684 K,晶化温度为751 K,过冷液相区为67 K;两种替代比例(25%和50%)的合金经573 K保温1 h热处理后,仍然保持非晶态结构;当替代比例为25%时,合金经673和773 K热处理后,合金由基体及弥散分布于其上的第二相组成,显微硬度明显提高;当替代比例为50%时,经673 K处理后,合金由基体及不均匀弥散分布于其上的第二相组成,显微硬度有所提高,而经773 K处理后,由第二相弥散分布于白色基体的白色区域和由细小白、灰两相混合组成的灰色区域组成,显微硬度大幅度提高.     

Influence of chemical composition and alloying elements on microdefects and electron density in Ni—Al alloys

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＬｌ2 Ｎｉ3ＡｌａｎｄＢ2 ＮｉＡｌａｒｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｔａｌ ｌｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｉｎＮｉＡｌａｌｌｏｙｓ .ＡＮｉ3Ａｌａｌｌｏｙｈａｓｒｅｌａ ｔｉｖｅｌｙｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｒｅ     

La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-xCo0.45Alx(x=0～0.4)贮氢合金的循环稳定性

为了提高La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的循环稳定性,以Al部分替代Ni,采铸造及快淬工艺制备了La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-xCo0.45Alx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)电极合金,研究了Al替代量及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学循环稳定性的影响。X射线衍射分析结果表明:铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构,包括(La,Mg)Ni3相、LaNi5相和一定量的LaNi2相;Al替代使铸态合金中LaNi2相的量显著增加,但对快淬态合金中LaNi2相的相丰度影响不显著。电化学测试结果表明:随Al替代量的增加,合金的循环寿命大幅度提高;快淬处理可以提高合金的循环寿命,但随Al替代量的增加,淬速对循环寿命的影响减小。     

Fabrication of Mo-Ti functionally graded material

１　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｎｅｗｋｉｎｄｏｆｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙｇｒａｄｅｄｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ（ＦＧＭ）ｗｉｔｈｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔｗｉｌｌｂｅｕｓｅｄｉｎｄｙｎａｍｉｃｈｉｇｈｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ［１］．ＳｕｃｈＦＧＭｃａｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｑｕａｓｉｉｓｅｎｔｒｏｐｉｃｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｎｔａｒｇｅｔｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ,ｐｒｏｖｉｄｉｎｇｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｏｒｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｆｏｒｄｙｎａ…     

Ni-xCr-6.8Al基合金热腐蚀行为

研究铸态和预氧化态Ni-xCr-6.8Al基合金在Na2SO4＋25%NaCl混合盐中873K时的热腐蚀行为。结果表明：NixCr6.8Al基合金的质量损失随着Cr元素含量的增加而减少,预氧化可以明显改善材料的抗热腐蚀性能,并且与Cr含量无关。Ni12Cr6.8Al基和Ni16Cr6.8Al基合金的热腐蚀动力学遵循抛物线规律,Ni-20Cr-6.8Al基合金遵循指数规律,所有的预氧化试样的热腐蚀动力学都符合对数规律。铸态合金热腐蚀的机理可以用酸碱熔融模型解释,而预氧化合金的热腐蚀机理在很大程度上由预氧化过程中形成的氧化层的性质决定。     

Effect of Al on Expansion Behavior of Mg–Al Alloys During Solidification

The cooling curves and the change of contraction/expansion during solidification and cooling were tested by using a selfmade device which could achieve the one-dimensional contraction instead of three-dimensional contraction of the casting.Then, the effects of Al content(0, 1.1, 3, 5, 10, 12.9, 15, 17, 19, 22, 24 and 30 wt%) on the thermal contraction/expansion of the binary Mg-Al as-cast alloys during solidification were obtained. The results showed that expanding instead of contraction was present in Mg-Al alloys with the addition of 0-30 wt% Al during solidification. The values of expansion significantly increased at first and then decreased with the increase in Al content. And the maximum expansion ratio of 0.44%(maximum expansion value: 0.841 mm) was present in the Mg-15 wt% Al alloy. Contraction instead of expansion occurred once the temperature drops to the temperature corresponding to the expansion value in total, indicating the occurrence of a continuous expansion during the solidification process in mushy zone for the Mg alloys with Al addition of 5-30 wt%. The expansion value in total consisted of two parts: the expansions occurring in the liquid-phase zone and mushy zone. The expansion in liquid zone was present in every Mg-Al alloy, and it contributed to the most proportion of the total expansion value when the Al content in Mg-Al alloy was lower than 10 wt% or higher than 22 wt%. However, the total expansion value was mainly determined by the solidification behavior in mushy zone when the Al content was among 10-22 wt% in Mg-Al alloys.     

High‐temperature oxidation resistance of Al2O3‐forming heat‐resisting alloys with noble metal and rare earth additions

High‐temperature oxidation behavior of Al₂O₃‐forming heat‐resisting alloys with noble metal (palladium, platinum, gold) and rare earth (yttrium) additions was studied in oxidizing atmospheres (oxygen, oxygen‐water vapor) for 18 ks at 1473, 1573, and 1673 K, by mass gain measurements, amount of spalled oxide, observation of surface appearance, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mass gains of all the Al₂O₃‐forming Fe‐20Cr‐4Al alloys increased with increasing oxidation temperatures in both oxidation conditions. After oxidation in oxygen, the mass gains of the alloys with noble metal were almost the same values after any oxidation temperature. The mass gain of the alloys with yttrium decreased with increase in yttrium addition up to 0.1 mass%, and then tended to increase with 0.5 mass% yttrium addition at all oxidation temperatures studied. The amount of spalled oxide from the Fe‐20Cr‐4Al (A4) alloy showed the biggest value at 1573 K‐oxidation, and then decreased in the order of 1473 K, 1673 K. On the other hand, the amount of spalled oxide from the other alloys decreased compared with the A4 alloy. No spalled oxide from 0.5Pt, 0.05Y, and 0.5Y alloys was observed at any oxidation temperature. After oxidation in an oxygen‐water vapor mixture (dew point: 353 K), the mass gain of all the alloys showed similar values to that obtained in oxygen after any oxidation temperature. The amount of spalled oxide from the A4 alloy was about the same after oxidation at 1473 and 1573 K in oxygen, but then was higher when oxidized at 1673 K. The amount of spalled oxide from the other alloys obtained in oxygen–water vapor increased compared with those obtained in oxygen. On the other hand, the amount of spalled oxide from the 0.5Y alloy was zero after any oxidation temperature, and that from the 0.5Pt alloy was also zero after 1673 K‐oxidation.     

Viscosity variation of hypereutectic Al–Si alloys with high iron contents around liquidus temperature

The viscosity of high Fe-containing hypereutectic Al–Si alloys was studied by using a high-temperature Searle-type rheometer. The results show that the steady-state viscosity of Al–17Si–(2,3,4) Fe alloy melts increases with the increase of iron content. During the continuous cooling of Al–17Si–(2,3,4) Fe alloy melts, the transient viscosity increases slowly at the initial stage of cooling. When the temperature decreases to a critical value, the transient viscosity increases abruptly. In the cooling process of Al–17Si–2Fe–(0,0.4,0.8)Mn alloy melts, the steady-state viscosity continues to increase and reach the maximum value firstly, then decreases abruptly, and then continues to increase again. The steady-state viscosity of Al–17Si–2Fe, Al–17Si–2Fe–0.4Mn and Al–17Si–2Fe–0.8Mn alloy melts experiences a sudden decrease at 630°C, 640°C and 670°C respectively due to the settlement of Fe-rich phases. The maximum value of viscosity of the Al–17Si–2Fe–(0,0.4,0.8)Mn alloy melts is increased with the increase of Mn content.     

Fe-Al系金属间化合物中的微观缺陷和电子密度

对二元Fe-Al合金，含Cr和Si的Fe3Al合金的正电子寿命谱测量表明：随着二元Fe-Al合金中Al含量的增加，空位浓度增加，微孔洞的开空间增大。在Al含量高于40％原子分数）的B2－FeAl合金中存在着较高的空位浓度和开空间相当于Fe中的10－15个空位聚集体的微空洞。在B2－FeAl和D03－Fe3Al合金中，晶格中最邻近的Fe-Al原子对之间发生Fe-d-Alp杂化使用。Al的3p电子与Fe的3d电子被局域化并形成共价键。导致合金中的自由电子密度降低。二元Fe-Al合金中的平均电子密度随着Al含量的增加而下降。用Cr元素对Fe3Al进行合金化。合金基体和晶界处的自由电子密度均增加；而加入Si元素，合金基体和晶界处的自由电子密度均减小。讨论了Fe-Al合金的微结构对其力学性能的影响。