无人机辅助通信中基于用户轨迹的无线资源和航迹优化

近年来,将无人机应用在无线通信网络中来提高系统性能的研究越来越普遍。针对无人机辅助移动用户通信的下行无线传输系统,提出了一种基于用户轨迹的无人机辅助通信系统无线资源分配和航迹优化方法。根据已知的用户运动轨迹提前获取估计的大尺度信道状态信息,以最大化用户的最小平均速率为目标,建立了一个联合优化无人机通信带宽分配和飞行航迹优化的问题。该问题是一个非凸优化问题,要优化的变量之间存在非线性耦合,通过引入辅助变量和分离变量交替优化的方法,将原问题分解为2个可以求解的近似凸优化子问题,并利用连续凸逼近方法对2个子问题交替迭代优化,得到原非凸问题一个近似次优解。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效提高用户的平均数据吞吐量,在保证所有用户的通信质量的前提下提高无人机辅助通信的效率。     

对抗恶意无人机窃听的无人机通信系统三维航迹规划和功率控制

为应对恶意无人机窃听者对无人机通信系统带来的安全挑战,提出了一种基于物理层安全机制的无人机三维航迹规划和功率控制的协同优化方案。将航迹规划与功率控制建模为带约束的用户安全通信速率最大化问题,并将该问题分解为水平航迹规划、高度控制与功率控制三个子问题。采用连续凸逼近法将各个子问题转化为凸优化问题,通过迭代优化方式得到近似解。仿真结果表明,和二维航迹规划方案相比,该协同优化方案能有效提升用户安全通信的性能指标。     

基于K-臂赌博机的多无人机空地网络动态资源分配方法

针对配置大规模MIMO的多无人机空地网络中的动态资源分配问题,从最大化系统吞吐量的角度出发,该文提出一种基于K-臂赌博机的强化学习算法联合优化多个无人机的用户选择与功率分配策略。首先根据地理位置对用户进行分簇,利用簇中心节点规划无人机飞行路径;其次在不考虑无人机之间端到端通信的情况下,将多无人机资源分配问题转化为相互独立的多个智能体强化学习问题;最后提出分幕式多智能体多状态K-臂赌博机算法来实现用户选择与功率分配的联合优化。通过将无人机每个时刻的位置索引定义为状态空间,从而使得无人机可动态适配自身位置及信道的动态变化。仿真结果表明,所提方案可根据环境状态变化自主智能调整资源分配策略,相比于已有方案能有效提升系统总吞吐量。     

智能反射面辅助的无人机无线携能通信网络吞吐量最大化算法研究

为了解决城市场景中无人机(UAV)与地面终端设备(GUs)间易受到障碍物阻挡的问题,该文提出一种基于智能反射面(IRS)辅助的UAV供能通信网络吞吐量最大化算法。首先,在满足能量因果、IRS相移、UAV移动性等约束条件下,建立了一个联合IRS相移设计、GU无线资源分配、UAV飞行轨迹设计的多变量耦合优化模型。其次,通过快坐标下降法(BCD)将原非凸问题转换为3个易于处理的子问题,并通过三角不等式、引入松弛变量、连续凸近似(SCA)等方法,对子问题进行转化求解。仿真结果表明,该文所提算法具有较好的收敛性,同时可有效提高系统总吞吐量。     

无人机中继通信的轨迹与资源分配优化方法

为提高地面用户的传输速率以及保证公平性，在基站覆盖不到的偏远地区可利用无人机进行辅助中继通信。首先将无人机的轨迹控制与频谱资源分配建模成一个混合整数非线性规划问题；然后基于块坐标下降法，将联合优化问题解耦成信道分配、发射功率和飞行轨迹三个子问题以降低复杂度；最后提出基于继承的子信道迭代分配算法求解信道分配子问题，采用凸优化和连续凸近似法分别求解功率优化及飞行轨迹优化子问题。仿真结果表明，所提算法在保证地面用户公平性的同时，具有比基准策略更高的最小平均速率。     

多小区协作无人机通信感知一体化系统的资源分配

在通信感知一体化系统中,由于通信与感知两者的目的并不完全一致,这使得通信和感知之间的性能折中问题尤为关键。本文研究多小区协作联网无人机网络的通信感知一体化问题,其中基站作为通信感知收发器与无人机用户通信,同时估计感知目标的位置。基于此,联合优化多个基站协作发射功率控制以及无人机用户的轨迹来平衡感知和通信性能,在满足无人机用户的信干噪比需求和感知目标定位的克拉美罗下界需求基础上,最小化基站的能量消耗。该问题是一个非凸优化问题,通常难以直接进行求解。为解决该问题,本文提出基于交替优化的联合基站功率控制与无人机轨迹优化方案,分别利用半正定松弛技术和连续凸近似技术对基站功率控制和无人机轨迹进行优化设计。最后,实验仿真结果验证了所提联合优化方案的性能。      

无人机交替中继通信及其轨迹优化和功率分配研究

为了提高无人机中继通信系统的频谱利用率,该文提出一种交替中继方法,通过两个无人机中继交替工作,轮流将信息从源端转发到目的端。研究联合优化无人机中继的飞行轨迹和各发射端的发射功率,协调两条中继链路的相互干扰,实现端到端的吞吐量最大化。涉及的优化问题受限于无人机的高度约束、机动约束、防碰撞约束以及各发射端的平均与峰值发射功率约束,是难以求得最优解的非凸优化问题。该文提出一种基于交替最大化和连续凸优化技术的高效迭代算法求解次优解,并用计算机仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于通感融合的无人机预编码及飞行轨迹设计

无人机(UAVs)具有机动性强,低成本及易部署等特性,通过搭载通信及感知设备,支持通信与感知技术的高效资源共享,无人机可作为融合通信与传感技术的高性能空中平台。该文针对多输入多输出(MIMO)无人机使能的联合通信、感知场景,综合考虑无人机飞行能量、多天线传输及用户业务需求等限制条件,建模无人机通信、感知预编码及飞行轨迹联合优化问题为多目标优化问题,以实现通信用户最低速率最大化及目标最小发现概率最大化。由于通信用户最低速率最大化问题为非凸优化问题,难以直接求解,将原优化问题分解为通信预编码设计子问题及无人机轨迹设计子问题,并采用交替迭代法依次求解两个子问题直至算法收敛,其中,对于通信预编码设计子问题,提出一种基于迫零(ZF)算法的求解策略;对于无人机轨迹设计子问题,提出一种基于连续凸逼近(SCA)算法的求解策略。基于所得到的无人机最优轨迹,将无人机感知位置选择问题建模为加权距离和最小化问题,进而应用泛搜索算法优化确定目标感知位置,并设计基于ZF算法的通信感知预编码联合优化策略,以实现通信感知性能的联合优化。最后通过仿真验证了该文所提算法的有效性。     

面向无人机应急通信网络的波束优化设计

针对无人机辅助的多用户-多输入多输出(MU-MIMO)应急通信网络中功耗和电池容量受限的问题,提出一种在功率受限的条件下波束形成的优化设计,以此来最大化系统总传输速率.整体设计分为两部分,首先提出了一种无需迭代即可迅速确定无人机位置的方法,其次考虑到该问题是非凸的,采用一阶泰勒近似将其进行凸逼近,利用二阶锥优化(SOCP)降低计算复杂度,求解最佳的波束形成矢量.仿真结果表明,所提方法适用于多用户通信系统,在仿真过程中虽不能将干扰归零,但通过抑制干扰能够最大化系统总传输速率.     

无人机辅助反向散射通信计算任务卸载与资源分配

针对边缘计算网络中用户能量短缺问题，该文提出一种无人机(UAV)辅助的反向散射通信网络计算任务卸载和资源分配方案。首先，通过联合考虑飞行轨迹、用户的计算频率、任务卸载比例、无人机及用户的发射功率、反向散射时间分配以及主动通信时间分配，构建最小化无人机总能耗优化问题。其次，利用交替优化算法，将原非凸问题分解为两个子问题，并通过连续凸逼近方法将原问题转化为凸问题进行求解。仿真结果表明，所提算法使得无人机能耗显著减少，且具有良好的收敛性。     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.