镀铜/镍烧结钕铁硼永磁体与DP1180钢钎焊接头的组织与性能

采用Zn-6Sn-5Bi钎料对镀Cu/Ni的烧结NdFeB永磁体和DP1180钢进行钎焊连接,对比分析了2种镀层条件下钎焊接头的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,对于镀Cu的烧结NdFeB永磁体和DP1180钢的钎焊接头,Cu在钎料中扩散并与Zn、Fe反应生成脆性金属间化合物,导致钎缝中出现裂纹和孔洞。与无镀层时的烧结NdFeB永磁体和DP1180钢的钎焊接头相比,接头的剪切强度由61.9 MPa降低至52.3 MPa;对于镀Ni的烧结NdFeB永磁体和DP1180钢的钎焊接头,Ni集中分布在NdFeB一侧的界面处,并且由于Sn和Bi的扩散形成了不同的扩散层,其剪切强度提高至78.1 MPa。     

烧结NdFeB磁体热浸镀锌工艺研究

研究了在烧结钕铁硼表面热浸镀锌的工艺，结果发现在烧结钕铁硼表面和镀覆材料之间形成了冶金结合，但镀层和烧结钕铁硼基体之间有环形裂纹出现，其原因是由于钕铁硼磁体的膨胀特性造成的。     

NdFeB磁体表面致密化Ni镀层制备及其耐腐蚀性能

采用高能球磨法实现烧结NdFeB磁体表面Ni镀层的致密化,并对致密化后Ni镀层进行膜/基结合力、维氏硬度测试,通过中性盐雾实验和高温PCT实验研究磁体的耐腐蚀性能,采用静态全浸腐蚀实验进一步分析磁体的腐蚀过程。结果显示,球磨处理工艺可以实现磁体表面Ni镀层的致密化,当转速400 rpm,球磨时间为24 h时,Ni-D24/NdFeB磁体的显微硬度由427.95 HV增加至502.67 HV,结合力由16.30 MPa提升至23.85 MPa,具有更好的耐机械损伤性能。镀层的自腐蚀电流密度较Ni/NdFeB磁体降低了1个数量级,耐中性盐雾时间由312 h提升至480 h,具有更好的耐腐蚀性能。     

NdFeB磁体表面化学镀Ni-P合金防腐研究

采用正交试验法对NdFeB磁体表面化学镀镍磷合金的工艺进行了优化，测量了镀层和基体在3．5％（ω）NaCl溶液、10％（φ）盐酸和20％（ω）NaOH溶液中的腐蚀速度，以及在3．5％NaCl溶液中的极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱，对比分析了在酸性和碱性条件下所得Ni-P镀层的结构和表面形貌。结果表明，采用EIS谱图及等效电路模型可对镀层和磁体在介质中的电化学参数进行拟合分析，化学镀Ni-P合金能够显著改善NdFeB磁体的耐腐蚀性能，且酸性条件下所获得的镀层为非晶态结构，表面胞状组织呈密集连续分布，耐腐蚀性能更佳。     

Corrosion protection of sintered NdFeB magnets by CAPVD Ti2N coating

Sintered NdFeB magnets have poor corrosion resistance and are readily susceptible to corrosion under different environmental conditions. Cathodic arc physical vapour deposited (CAPVD) titanium nitride coating for sintered NdFeB permanent magnets has been investigated in this paper. Tafel extrapolation was employed to study the corrosion behaviour in 3.5% NaCl solution at ambient temperature. The adhesive strength of the coating was estimated with the help of the scratch test. The surface chemistry and coating morphologies were studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was used for qualitative phase analyses of coatings and substrate. The properties of CAPVD titanium nitride coating were compared with electrodeposited multilayer nickel–copper–nickel coating. It was figured out that the CAPVD titanium nitride coating had better adhesion strength and shifted the free corrosion potential (FCP) of the system towards positive potential, providing protection to the NdFeB substrate. However, the corrosion rate of CAPVD titanium nitride coating was more than the electrodeposited multilayer nickel–copper–nickel coating. The magnetic properties remained comparable.     

烧结NdFeB永磁体耐蚀涂层的研究进展

提高烧结NdFeB磁体的耐腐蚀性能一直是该领域研究的热点之一.添加金属元素和涂覆常规镀层虽然有效,但并未很好地解决NdFeB磁体耐腐蚀性差的难题.本文对常规涂层用于烧结NdFeB永磁体防腐蚀的现状进行了分析,提出以化学镀Ni-P镀层为过渡层,采用化学镀/溶胶-凝胶复合法在NdFeB磁体表面形成Ni-P/TiO2复合膜,以提高烧结NdFeB磁体耐蚀性能,拟为研发新型的烧结NdFeB磁体涂层提供参考.     

前处理对烧结钕铁硼化学镀镍结合力的影响

    主要研究了酸洗和超声波清洗前处理工艺对化学镀镍结合力的影响.扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明：随着硝酸浓度的增加,烧结钕铁硼酸洗后表面越来越粗糙.其中,硝酸(65％)浓度为20~40 ml/L时,酸洗不能完全去除烧结钕铁硼表面的氧化膜;硝酸(65％)浓度为80~100 ml/L时,不仅将钕铁硼表面的氧化物和富钕相腐蚀掉,而且腐蚀钕铁硼内部的富钕相,使钕铁硼表面粉化.酸洗后,烧结钕铁硼表面粘有大量脱落的主相的晶粒,使用超声波可以有效地去除这些晶粒,消除钕铁硼和镀层之间的夹层.万能实验拉伸机实验结果表明：当硝酸(65％)浓度为60 ml/L,酸洗时间40 s,并结合超声波清洗时,得到了化学镀镍层结合力最好,结合力大于28 MPa.     

制备工艺对NaFeB磁体力学性能的影响

采用速凝法在铸带炉中制备NdFeB铸带,再经烧结制得NdFeB磁体。研究了制备工艺对磁体力学性能的影响。并将其结果与采用感应炉制得的铸锭经相同烧结工艺得到的磁体的力学性能进行了比较。实验结果得出：铸带速度2．6m/s时磁体的抗弯强度约为231MPa,当铸带速度增大到4．0m/s,抗弯强度显著提高了50％;当氢含量从0．15％减少到0．047％,抗弯强度提高了1倍,达到270MPa,冲击功也从2．78kJ／m^2增加到7．58kJ／m^2,这是因为在烧结过程中氢原子穿过晶粒和晶界扩散,其扩散通道导致的微裂纹强烈影响磁体的抗弯强度;磁粉粒度从4．0um减少到2．9um时,磁体晶粒减小,组织致密,抗弯强度从213MPa增大到331MPa。铸锭法制备的烧结磁体的综合力学性能均比铸带法磁体的性能差得较多。     

Improvement of thermal shock resistance for thermal barrier coating on aluminum alloy with various electroless interlayers

NiCoCrAlY/8YSZ coating was firstly directly deposited on aluminum alloy 5A06 by atmospheric plasma spray to make it applicable to short-time high temperature condition. The failure after thermal shock test was mainly due to the stress caused by thermal expansion mismatch between the bond coat and the substrate as well as the galvanic corrosion of the aluminum alloy. Ni-P, Ni-W-P and Ni-Cu-P as interlayers were electrolessly deposited on the substrate in order to mitigate the thermal stress. The composition and thermal transformation of the interlayers were investigated. Thermal shock resistance and bonding strength of multilayer coatings (interlayer/NiCoCrAlY/8YSZ) were tested. Diffusion layers mainly composed of AlNi, Al₃Ni₂ and Al₃Ni were observed between the interlayers and the substrate after thermal shock test. The oxidation of the substrate was effectively inhibited. Ni-P interlayer obtained at lower pH value was superior to the other two interlayers and enhanced the thermal shock life from 38 to more than 200 cycles. With the application of the Ni-P and Ni-Cu-P interlayers, the bonding strength examined by pull-off test was also largely improved from 11.7 MPa to 18.8 and 19.0 MPa, respectively.     

Primary investigation of corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO2 composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet

In this paper, an electroless nickel plating and sol-gel combined technique used to prepare the Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet is described and the composite film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO₂ film was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The self-corrosion current density (i_corr) of Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film is 2.38μA/cm² in 0.5mol/L H₂SO₄ solution about 33% of that of Ni-P coating and 0.22μA/cm² in 0.5mol/L NaCl solution about 14% of that of Ni-P coating, respectively. In 0.5mol/L H₂SO₄ and 0.5mol/L NaCl solutions, the polarization resistance (Rp) of the composite film is 12.5kΩ cm² and 120kΩ cm², about 1.6 and 2 times that of Ni-P coating, respectively. The results indicate that Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film has a better corrosion resistance than Ni-P coating.     

酸洗对钕铁硼磁体电镀镍层防护失效的影响

研究了酸洗工艺对电镀镍镀层与烧结钕铁硼基体间结合强度的影响.结果表明:经过酸洗之后,钕铁硼基体表面层变成了疏松结构,表面的显微硬度降低,镍镀层与钕铁硼基体结合强度随酸洗时间的增加而逐渐降低.通过分析剥离层的横截面发现,镀层与基体的剥离面位于钕铁硼基体内部,而不是镀层与基体的结合界面.采用垂直拉伸的剥离方法测量结合强度,表面和断面形貌通过SEM进行观察,利用维氏硬度计测量钕铁硼经过酸洗后的表面维氏硬度.     

Corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of pulse electrodeposited Ni–TiO2 composite coating for sintered NdFeB magnet

Ni–TiO₂ composite coating which was prepared under pulse current conditions was successfully performed on sintered NdFeB magnet. As a comparison, pure nickel coating was also prepared. The phase structure, the surface morphology, the chemical composition, the anti-corrosion performance of the coatings for magnets, the microhardness and the wearing resistance performance of the coatings were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electrochemical technique, Vickers hardness tester and ball-on-disc tribometer, respectively. The results revealed that Ni–TiO₂ composite coating provided excellent anti-corrosion performance for the magnets, and showed higher microhardness and better anti-wear performance.     

烧结型NdFeB永磁体的防腐蚀研究进展

近年来对烧结型NdFeB永磁材料表面防护层的研究不断取得进步.概括了NdFeB的成分和相结构,系统地介绍了NdFeB永磁体防腐蚀方法,主要包括改善磁体本身性能和对磁体进行表面处理2种方法.综合分析可知:目前的表面防护措施主要存在2点不足之处,即涂层工艺操作复杂,成本高;涂层的耐腐蚀性、厚度、均匀性及结合力仍达不到预期要求.最后,针对不足,我们提出可从改善前处理工艺和开发新的涂镀工艺入手,从而获得满足生产要求的镀层性能.     

烧结钕铁硼电镀锌铁合金工艺与耐蚀性能

采用弱酸性氯化物镀液在钕铁硼基体上制备了高耐蚀性的锌铁合金镀层,讨论主要工艺参数对镀层铁含量的影响,优化工艺条件。采用盐雾试验(NSS)、SEM和电化学方法研究镀层的耐蚀性能和耐蚀机理。结果表明,优化工艺条件后合金镀层含铁质量分数为0.92%,钝化后在质量分数3.5%的Na Cl溶液中出白锈时间达到196 h。合金镀层对钕铁硼基体起到阳极保护的作用,镀层结晶致密,填补了钕铁硼基体的固有缺陷,同时又为获得致密的钝化膜创造了条件,减少了镀层表面的缺陷,使镀层整体具有极高的电阻,提高了其耐蚀性能。     

NdFeB磁体超声波化学镀Ni-P的研究

研究了NdFeB永磁材料超声波化学镀工艺以及镀层的 耐蚀性能，用扫描电子显微镜分析了镀层的显微结构，结果表明，该方法是NdFeB永磁材料一种有效的防护手段，显著地提高了磁体的耐蚀性能.     

NdFeB永磁体表面磁控溅射铝防护镀层性能研究

目的研究一种NdFeB永磁体表面腐蚀防护技术。方法采用磁控溅射技术,在烧结NdFeB永磁体表面沉积一层纯铝防护薄膜,然后对纯铝薄膜进行阿洛丁化学转化复合处理,表征膜层的表面和截面形貌,并研究结构及耐腐蚀性能。结果沉积的Al中间层和Al薄膜均结构致密,膜/基界面平整,膜层的自腐蚀电流密度为3.5×10-6A/cm2,说明纯Al薄膜能够对NdFeB永磁体提供有效的防护。阿洛丁化学转化可使铝薄膜表面更加致密,自腐蚀电流密度低至7.9×10-7A/cm2,进一步提高了纯铝薄膜的防护性能。结论 NdFeB永磁体表面磁控溅射镀铝是一种有效且环保的防护技术,可用于替代不环保的电镀防护。     

Zn基钎料钎焊烧结NdFeB与DP1180钢接头微观组织及性能

采用Zn-5Sn-2Cu-1.5Bi(ZSCB)钎料实现了烧结NdFeB永磁材料(NdFeB)与DP1180钢的钎焊连接。在惰性气氛控制的高频感应炉中进行钎焊,采用OM、SEM、EDS、微区XRD和NIM-2000H磁性测试仪等手段分析了接头界面的微观组织结构、NdFeB的磁性能和接头剪切强度。结果表明,NdFeB与ZSCB钎料形成Nd-Fe-Zn和Fe-Zn冶金结合,FeZn13和Fe3Zn10相在DP1180钢侧的界面处形成。焊接温度对NdFeB的磁性能影响较小。与传统方法的粘接相比,接头的剪切强度从32.50MPa提高到44.00MPa,提高了35.38%。由于NdFeB和ZSCB钎料之间的热膨胀系数差异很大,在接近NdFeB的反应层处产生较高的残余应力,导致接头从NdFeB界面处断裂。     

Nd3+对烧结Nd-Fe-B化学镀Ni-P合金结合力和耐蚀性的影响

在化学镀液中添加Nd3+,研究其浓度对Ni-P镀层与烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的结合力和施镀后磁体耐蚀性的影响.测定添加不同浓度Nd3+镀液中所得Ni-P镀层与磁体的结合力,以及镀层在3.5%NaCl(质量分数,下同)溶液中的极化曲线,并结合中性盐雾实验表征施镀后磁体耐蚀性.结果表明,添加2.5 g·L-1Nd3+时,Ni-P镀层与Nd-Fe-B磁体的结合力从6.4 MPa提高至25.2 MPa:施镀后磁体的自腐蚀电位从-0.382 V升高到-0.148 V,自腐蚀电流密度从4.52μA·cm-2降低到0.07μcm-2,耐盐雾腐蚀时间达到256 h,磁体耐蚀性显著提高.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot isostatically pressed cermets with TiN coatings

To increase the adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate, sintered Ti（C,N）-based cermets were selected and deposited with monolayer TiN using a multiarc ion-plating technique; subsequently, hot isostatic pressing （HIPhag） treatment was performed at 1000℃ using nitrogen pressure up to 110 MPa. The mechanical properties of cermets after a coating process and subsequent HIPing treatment have been evaluated with respect to the hardness, the residual stress, and the coating adhesion. The results show that atter the HIPing process, there was a higher increase ha critical load ha the TiN-coated cermets with lower surface roughness compared with those with higher surface roughness. In all cases, the residual stress was found to be compressive. The effects of substrate surface roughness and posttreatment on the adhesion strength of the coatings were thus investigated. It was also fotmd that the HIPing posttreatment process is well suited for hacreasing the adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate.     

粘结剂含量对粘结NdFeB磁体力学性能和磁性能的影响

粘结剂作为粘结NdFeB磁体制备过程中的重要组成部分,其作用是提高磁粉颗粒的流动性和粘结强度,保证产品的力学性能和磁性能的稳定。采用理论与实验相结合的方法,研究了粘结剂含量对粘结NdFeB磁体力学性能和磁性能的影响。在此基础上,制备了高性能粘结NdFeB磁体。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对磁体的结构和形貌进行了表征。在NIM-200C磁滞回线仪和电子万能试验机（AG-X plus）上分别测定了环形粘结NdFeB磁体（RSM）的磁性能和力学性能。结果表明,当粘结剂含量为3%（质量分数）时,粘结NdFeB磁体密度最高（5.59 g/cm³）,抗压强度最高（159 MPa）,磁性能最佳。