应用超导储能装置阻尼次同步谐振的研究

提出了一种新的应用超导储能(SMES)装置阻尼电力系统次同步谐振(SSR)的方法。与以往的类似研究相比,由于本方法基于复转矩系数法, 因而不仅可以适应多机复杂电力系统, 还可以得到电气阻尼系数随扰动频率的变化曲线。在引入SMES控制装置后的IEEE第一基准模型中, 根据复转矩系数法的基本原理, 得出了发电机机械复转矩系数和考虑SMES装置时的电气复转矩系数的表达式, 给出了二者之间的定量关系式, 以此为基础研究了应用超导储能装置阻尼次同步谐振的控制策略, 设计了相应的比例积分(PI)控制器,给出了控制框图, 并在IEEE第一基准模型的系统结构和参数条件下得到了控制器参数。在PSCAD /EMTDC环境中将控制策略和超导磁储能装置应用于IEEE第一基准模型进行了动态仿真, 仿真结果验证了该控制方案的有效性和正确性。     

多机系统超低频振荡分析与等值方法

实际电力系统中多次发生的超低频频率振荡在振荡形式及机理上与低频振荡存在显著区别。在多机系统中对超低频频率振荡问题进行了分析。超低频频率振荡中,所有发电机转速同调变化,系统频率整体振荡。提出一种适用于超低频频率振荡分析的系统等值方法,将多机系统等值为单机单负荷系统进行分析,提高计算效率。各发电机原动系统的阻尼转矩相互解耦,和电磁功率中的阻尼转矩加和后共同影响系统阻尼比。研究结果可为实际系统超低频频率振荡的分析与控制提供指导。     

多机系统中励磁与SVC的协调控制

主要研究基于结构保持模型的多机电力系统的暂态稳定性。将连接与阻尼分配?无源控制方法进行从常微分方程到微分代数方程的拓展,求解一类仿射非线性微分代数系统的调节问题。并用所提方法设计多机系统中的发电机励磁与静止无功补偿器的协调控制器,不再拘泥于单机系统的协调控制研究。该方法充分利用整个系统的物理结构,通过引入电气与机械动态之间的耦合项进行能量整形,加强两者之间的联系,保证闭环系统的渐近稳定性。仿真结果说明了协调控制器在阻尼振荡和增强电压稳定性上的有效性。     

基于状态空间法的多机电力系统发电机轴系扭振研究

基于状态空间法建立多机电力系统状态方程组,求解得到发电机轴系扭振模式、阻尼、振型。针对同型发电机和不同发电机在对称运行、非对称运行方式下的扭振特性进行研究,并比较广泛应用的等值机模型计算结果,得到发电机轴系扭振的一般规律,对深入研究轴系扭振问题具有借鉴意义。     

采用STATCOM抑制多机系统次同步振荡的理论与仿真

针对远距离大容量输电系统中出现的多机系统次同步振荡(SSO),分析了利用STATCOM附加电流的抑制策略,采用了模态解耦控制方法,详细介绍了控制器参数整定过程.在此基础上,建立了网络中各元件的端口等效导纳矩阵.采用分散消元的复转矩系数法,可以简化全系统复频域网络方程的生成,便于分析发电机组的等效电气阻尼特性.最后以此方...     

Measurement of the damping coefficient of an electric power system by use of a superconducting magnet energy storage system

In this paper, a new application of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for diagnosis of power systems is proposed. Basic experiments for measurement of damping coefficient of power systems by use of SMES are carried out in an experimental system with a small generator, artificial transmission lines, and a small SMES. The SMES produces small power disturbances in the power system without affecting its operating conditions. The small power oscillations in the power system due to continuous power disturbances generated by SMES are observed. The relations among the damping coefficient, the power disturbances, and the power change of SMES are discussed for a one-machine infinite-bus system. The damping coefficients of the power system are obtained by investigating the oscillations due to the sinusoidal power changes of the SMES. The possibility of estimation of the steady-state power system stability by monitoring the damping coefficients of an operating power system by the use of SMES can be shown experimentally. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 119(3): 40–48, 1997     

基于振荡能量消耗的发电机阻尼评估方法

为了准确评估多机电力系统中发电机的阻尼特性,提出了一种基于发电机振荡能量消耗的阻尼评估方法。首先,推导了基于6阶电气参数模型发电机的振荡能量流的表达式,克服了现有基于4阶电气参数模型的振荡能量流存在保守性的不足。其次,建立了基于振荡能量消耗的模式阻尼贡献指标,提出了基于发电机响应和特征值/特征向量的指标计算方法,评估了多机系统中发电机的阻尼特性。模式阻尼贡献指标物理意义明确,所有发电机的指标之和即为振荡模式的衰减因子。最后,4机2区域系统的分析结果验证了所提方法的准确性和有效性。     

Development of a damping analysis program for multi-generator powersystems

A numerical damping analysis program (DAMP), based upon the frequency scanning method, for application to multi-generator power systems has been developed. This program permits the determination of electrical and mechanical torsional damping at arbitrary frequencies with respect to the individual generator under consideration within such a multi-machine system. Therefore, this allows the quantitative frequency domain analysis of power swing and torsional oscillation with due consideration for the effects of mutual interference among the generators. In this paper, first, the basic algorithm, modeling method, and validity of the new program are indicated. Next, the effectiveness of the program is demonstrated through SSR and other types of analyses for multi-machine systems     

复杂多机系统次同步振荡的分析与抑制

对复杂多机系统与HVDC相互作用引起的次同步振荡进行分析与抑制研究。采用机组作用系数法对不同运行方式下可能发生次同步振荡的机组进行了筛选。依据UIF不变的原则将复杂多机系统简化为单机交直流系统,利用复转矩系数法分析了系统的阻尼特性。将根据单机系统设计的次同步振荡阻尼控制器用于抑制复杂多机系统的次同步振荡,时域仿真结果表明了所设计的次同步振荡阻尼控制器的有效性。     

Electrical characteristics of a fully superconducting brushless generator equipped with a magnetic flux pump

The study of efficient excitation systems is important in order to enhance the potential of superconducting ac generators. We have fabricated a model machine for generating electricity with a brushless exciter system, which consists of a superconducting dynamo or “magnetic flux pump.” A fully superconducting generator in which both armature and field windings are made of superconductors has also been studied. The paper presents power output tests and calculated results on transients as well as the static electrical characteristics of a model machine equipped with a magnetic flux pump when operated as a fully superconducting brushless generator in persistent current mode. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 120 (3): 64–72, 1997     

多机电力系统强迫功率振荡稳态响应特性分析

采用复模态叠加方法推导了多机电力系统强迫功率振荡的稳态响应,分析了多机电力系统强迫功率振荡发生共振的条件及其振荡大小的主要影响因素.通过讨论多机弱阻尼系统共振情况下强迫功率振荡稳态响应与传统的负阻尼低频振荡响应的相似和不同之处,阐述了对多机系统强迫功率振荡稳态响应特性的一些基本认识,有助于更好地理解强迫功率振荡理论及其振荡分布特性.分别通过2区4机系统和新英格兰10机39节点系统的仿真分析对这些特性进行了验证.     

Stabilization of power systems using a variable structure stabilizer

A new technique for improving the dynamic stability of power systems is presented. This new technique makes use of the variable structure system theory and employs the generator speed to obtain a stabilizing signal to increase the damping torque of the synchronous machine.Although modern voltage regulator and excitation systems with fast response and high ceiling voltage can improve the transient stability by increasing the synchronizing torque, their effect on the damping torque is rather small. Under certain operating conditions, when the system exhibits negative damping characteristics, the voltage regulator usually aggravates the situation by increasing the negative damping. Hence, instability may result. In order to reduce this undesirable effect, it is useful to introduce supplementary stabilizing signals to increase the damping torque of the synchronous machine.This paper proposes a variable structure stabilizer for generating the required stabilizing signal. Simulation results indicate that the proposed stabilizer yields better system dynamic performance than that obtained by using the conventional and linear optimal stabilizers in that the step responses have less overshoot and a shorter settling time.It is concluded that the new stabilizer can be used as an effective means of increasing the damping torque and hence improving the dynamic stability of the power system.     

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR A 2000 MVA SUPERCONDUCTING GENERATOR WITH ROTOR INERTIAL SHIELDING PROTECTION*

ABSTRACT

The principle of the double rotor superconducting machine is applied to the design of a 2000 MVA generator. The basic form of the machine is described as well as the main considerations and objectives of the design. The effects of faults are studied and compared to those of an identical conventional superconducting generator. The dynamic stability under steady-state and fault transient conditions is examined. Finally, the specific dimensions and characteristic parameters of the 2000 MVA machine are given as applied to several different designs of the free Electromechanical Inertial Shield.     

Saturated robust power system stabilizers

In this paper, a new saturated control design for uncertain power systems is proposed. The developed saturated control scheme is based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization to achieve prescribed dynamic performance measures, e.g., settling time and damping ratio. In this design, the closed-loop poles are forced to lie within a desired region. The proposed design provides robustness against system uncertainties. The simulation results of both a single machine infinite bus and a multi-machine power systems are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

虚拟同步机孤岛并联系统暂态同步稳定性分析

针对虚拟同步机孤岛并联系统暂态失稳机理不明且传统等面积法则定量计算保守性强的问题,提出了一种考虑阻尼缩放的改进等面积法则。该方法运用等面积法则,将阻尼项抵消的不平衡功率缩放为对功角可积项,可定量计算虚拟同步机控制参数对并联供电系统极限切除角和极限切除时间的影响。研究结果表明,虚拟同步机的虚拟阻尼对暂态稳定性影响较大。虚拟阻尼与极限切除角和极限切除时间呈正相关;虚拟惯量与极限切除角呈负相关,与极限切除时间呈正相关,在系统容量充足的情况下应优先考虑提升虚拟阻尼。另外,初步探索了计及虚拟同步发电机过流保护的多机并联系统暂态同步稳定性研究思路,并分析了所提方法在多机系统中的适用性。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台验证了理论分析和所提方法的正确性。     

基于模式判别法的多机自励磁数学建模及其仿真分析

阐述了同步发电机产生自励磁现象的基本原理．并从理论上建立了在电网（即多机系统）中进行全网机组自励磁判定的数学模型,提出在多机网络下可建立系统的自励磁状态方程组。运用特征根判别法,通过方程的矩阵特征根和相关因子的性质来判断系统是否发生自励磁及其发生位置,由相关因子和灵敏度的计算确定主要的影响因素及其特性,并可用一维搜索方法寻找到系统的临界状态参数。该方法可有效判别各台发电机是否发生自励磁．对制定黑启动方案策略具有实际的参考意义。     

电力系统非线性鲁棒自适应分散励磁控制设计

利用反步法设计了多机电力系统中的非线性鲁棒自适应励磁控制方案,控制目标是调节发电机功角和频率至稳态运行点的极小领域,并使闭环系统对发电机阻尼系数和电抗参数的不确定性具有自适应能力,且对模型误差和外部有界干扰具备鲁棒性,同时保证各控制器是分散化和本地化的。采用4机系统进行的数字仿真结果表明,实施此方案能有效地提高发电机的功角稳定性。     

多区域单机等效法分析和控制故障后区间振荡

针对故障后系统的区间振荡,提出改进的单机等效法分析不同区域间的相互作用,并制定相应的控制措施。根据故障后各发电机功角的振荡轨迹,将系统划分为若干个主导振荡区域和非主导振荡区域,并将多区域系统进一步等效为单机无穷大母线(one machine infinite bus,OMIB)系统。定义并计算不同区域间的相对动能及OMIB系统动能,用于分析不同区域间的非线性相互作用。采用傅里叶频谱分析和Prony分析辨识OMIB系统参数,得到故障后系统的主导振荡模式及相应的阻尼比。基于上述分析,提出调整故障前各区域发电机出力的方法以减少区间的相对动能,抑制互联区域振荡。算法用于分析和控制IEEE5区域16机标准测试系统的故障后区间振荡。仿真结果表明,算法不但能准确辨识故障后的主导振荡模式,且能分析多种区间模式的非线性相互作用;控制措施显著地提升了系统阻尼,抑制了故障后系统的区间低频振荡。     

基于状态观测器的电力系统阻尼控制

研究了基于状态观测器的电力系统阻尼控制器设计方法.建立了包含4阶发电机模型和3阶励磁系统模型的多机电力系统线性化状态方程,并计算出其矩阵A的特征值和系统阻尼比.通过观察系统的阻尼强弱,根据所要求配置的极点,采用全维和降维状态观测器方法,求出观测器增益和系统反馈增益进行反馈控制.该方法的优点在于不需要测量系统的所有状态变量.在4机2区算例中,求出2种观测器的综合闭环系统的零输入响应,通过比较估测值与实际值的变化情况,验证了该方法改善电力系统阻尼特性的有效性.     

基于分散控制理论的多机系统低频振荡抑制

常规的电力系统低频振荡抑制措施是在发电机励磁系统中加装电力系统稳定器(PSS),然而它在多机电力系统中的应用并没有充分的理论研究.将大系统分散控制原理应用于多机电力系统低频振荡抑制问题,只要分散阻尼控制器(DDC)的阶数足够高,分散闭环控制系统的低频振荡模态总可以在复平面内任意配置.分析了PSS与DDC的关系,论证了PSS是DDC的一种特殊形式,因而从理论上说明了DDC比PSS优越.将DDC的优化配置表示为一个带不等式约束的非光滑优化问题并用遗传算法求解.以新英格兰测试系统和我国西北电网为算例的计算结果表明,在发电机励磁系统中加装DDC是一种有效的低频振荡抑制新措施.