激光诱导六甲基乙硅胺烷气相合成Si／N／C纳米粉末的制备与表征研究

选择廉价的六甲基乙硅胺烷－（Ｍｅ３Ｓｉ）２ＮＨ和氮气为原料进行激光诱导气相反应，通过交变化激光功率密度及反应气流量，制备具有较宽组分变化范围的Ｓｉ／Ｎ／Ｃ纳米粉。用化学分析，ＴＥＭ，ＳＡＸＳ，ＢＥＴ，ＩＲ，ＸＲＤ等测试手段对粉末进行了表征，结果表明此Ｓｉ／Ｎ／Ｃ粉主要由Ｓｉ－Ｎ和Ｓｉ－Ｃ键构成，是Ｓｉ，Ｎ，Ｃ组成的无定型物，由于实验条件的不同会不同程序地导粉末中存有有机杂质。     

预热片蔓延合成SiC粉末机理的研究

对预热ＳＨＳ法合成ＳｉＣ粉末所需的最低预热温度及产物粒度与反应物始粒度的关系等进行了研究。发现合成的ＳｉＣ粉末的粒度与Ｓｉ粉粒度无关，在此基础上对ＳｉＣ的形成机制进行了探讨。在通氮气情况下，预热ＳＨＳ－ＳｉＣ反应中有一个β－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４的生成过程，但生成的β－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４在反应的高温下又很快分解。     

纳米Si3N4-SiC(Y2O3)复合粉末的氨解溶胶-凝胶法合成

以硅溶胶、尿素和碳黑为原料,经氨解溶胶－凝胶、碳热还原法合成了纳米Ｓｉ３ｎ４－ＳｉＣ复合粉末。通过在硅溶胶中引入Ｙ（ＮＯ３）３,合成了Ｓｉ３ｎ４－ＳｉＣ－Ｙ２Ｏ３超细复合粉末,Ｙ２Ｏ３的加入有助于降低Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＳｉＣ的合成温度。采用ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ分析复合粉末中Ｙ的存在状态表明：一部分Ｙ固溶在Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＳｉＣ中,加有一部分以Ｙ２Ｏ３形式存在,Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＳｉＣ－Ｙ２Ｏ３复合粉末的烧结性能良好。     

预热自蔓延合成SiC粉末机理的研究

对预热ＳＨＳ法合成ＳｉＣ粉末所需的最低预热温度及产物粒度与反应物原始粒度的关系等进行了研究．发现合成的ＳｉＣ粉末的粒度与Ｓｉ粉粒度无关,在此基础上对ＳｉＣ的形成机制进行了探讨．在通氮气情况下,预热ＳＨＳ－ＳｉＣ反应中有一个β－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４的生成过程,但生成的β－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４在反应的高温下又很快分解     

化学镀非晶质电阻膜的现状与展望

叙述了化学镀非晶质电阻膜分类和制作技术，其中包括Ｎｉ－Ｐ，Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ，Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ－Ｐ，Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｐ，Ｎｉ－Ｂ，Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｂ，Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ－Ｂ，Ｎｉ－Ｂ－Ｐ，Ｎｉ－Ｐ－ＳｉＣ以及Ｎｉ－Ｂ－ＳｉＣ等非晶质电阻膜的化学镀技术。介绍了化学镀非晶质电阻膜的形成机理。归纳了化学镀非晶质电阻膜的优点，指出了今后的发展方向。     

纳米SiC—Si3N4复合超细粉末的研制

用热化学气相反应法制备了纳米级ＳｉＣ－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合超细粉末，讨论了工艺参数对复合超细粉末颗粒度、组成、结构等的影响，并制备出颗粒呈球形、颗粒尺寸均匀、分散性好、最小颗粒尺寸为８９Ａ的纳米级ＳｉＣ－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合超细粉末。     

溶胶—凝胶法全成SiC—AlN复合超细粉末的机理研究

本文通过对热力学过程动力学过程的研究，探讨了ＳｉＣ－ＡｌＮ复合细粉末的合成机理，由于Ａｌ４ＳｉＣ４产物的出现，反映了合成的非单一化。通过ＸＲＤ分析，研究了ＳｉＣ－ＡｌＮ粉末合成反应历程，并指出ＡｌＮ的生成比ＳｉＣ生成滞后５０－１００℃，从自由能和反应常数作了理论上的分析。通过对合成过程中转化率的测定和颗粒形貌的观察，探讨反应动力学过程，说明了系统中晶核和晶体大长机制。最后，本文分析了粉末中晶须产生     

纳米SiC－Si_3N_4复合超细粉末的研制

用热化学气相反应法制备了纳米级Ｓｉｃ－Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４复合超细粉末，讨论了工艺参数对复合超细粉末颗粒度、组成、结构等的影响，并制备出颗粒呈球形、颗粒尺寸均匀、分散性好、最小颗粒尺寸为８９Ａ的纳米级ＳｉＣ－Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４复合超细粉末。     

Si－C－O－N系统相稳定性及反应烧结制备原位SiC（p）复合ZAS材料

给制了Ｓｉ－Ｃ－Ｏ－Ｎ系统平衡状态下相稳定性与Ｎ２分压和Ｏ２分压以及相稳定性与Ｎ２分压和ＳｉＯ分压的关系图；以此为指导，将原位复合引入到反应烧结锆莫来石（ＺＡＳ）材料中，制备了含原位（ｉｎ－ｓｉｔｕ）ＳｉＣ（ｐ）的ＺｒＯ２ＳｉＣ（ｐ）、ＺｒＯ２－３Ａｌ２Ｏ３·ＺＳｉＯ２－ＳｉＣ（ｐ）－ＳｉＣ（ｐ）复合材料。研究了烧结温度、时间、碳添加量、成型压力等工艺因素对烧结ＺｒＳｉＯ４－Ｃ体系中原位ＳｉＣ生成量的影响，并观察了试样的显微结构。     

溶胶—凝胶法制备SiC—AlN复合超细粉末的研究

用溶胶－凝胶碳热氮化法在１５５０－１６５０℃，５０ｍｉｎ下制得平均粒径为０．２μｍ左右的ＳｉＣ－ＡｌＮ复合超细粉末，粉末烧结性能良好，在较低合成温度下（１５５０－１６００℃），粉末中出现晶须。本研究还探讨了粉末氮化合成条件对粉末颗粒及物相的影响。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.