摩托车车架多轴向多激励道路模拟试验方法研究

为在室内比较全面考核摩托车车架在实际道路行驶载荷作用下的疲劳可靠性,结合车架有限元分析建立了摩托车车架道路载荷谱采集方法,并对道路载荷谱进行了采集和分析。在分析摩托车车架实际行驶受力情况基础上,基于远程参数控制技术,结合美国MTS液压伺服作动器和控制系统,设计并搭建了一套多轴向多激励摩托车车架道路模拟试验平台,并提出了力-位移混合控制的道路载荷谱模拟迭代方法。结合所采集的摩托车车架道路载荷谱,采用力加载控制和惯性加载控制混合加载控制方式,在室内对摩托车车架道路载荷谱进行了高效准确的模拟,并建立了摩托车车架多轴向多激励道路模拟试验方法,为在室内考核摩托车车架的疲劳可靠性提供了一种行之有效的方法。     

摩托车车架动态性能优化设计技术的研究

为有效解决摩托车的振动问题,论文对车架结构动态性能进行了分析,建立了车架结构优化的数学模型。基于车架的有限元模型,进行了动力学灵敏度分析和优化设计。通过改变车架的板厚、管径、壁厚等,在满足约束条件的前提下,达到了性能匹配效果,有效的降低了振动。     

摩托车车架动态性能的试验研究

本文通过对某摩托车车架的试验模态分析，形象地演示出车架的前六阶振动模态。分析了摩托车在四种不同路面上行驶时，路面谱激励对车架态性能的影响。考虑到发动机振动是摩托车振动的一个重要振源，分析了发动机振动对车架动态性能的影响。并针对不足之处提出的改进意见。     

基于实例的CAPP策略

从充分利用工艺规程编制实例的角度出发，提出了用基于实例的推理改进ＣＡＰＰ推理方法的策略，并具体介绍了将基于实例的推理与基于知识的推理有机结合的混合推理系统的具体结构、实例的表示、提取方法以及基于知识、实事库的正确性维护与版本管理的实例修改策略。     

基于规则和实例混合推理的故障诊断专家系统

基于规则和实例两种推理方式各有优劣,如果将两者结合起来,不仅可以提高专家系统对领域知识的包含程度和利用能力,还可以提高专家系统的推理速度和效率,提高系统的学习能力.本文在分析了起重机液压系统的结构和功能的基础上,建立了一个基于规则和实例混合推理的故障诊断专家系统,对系统的结构、知识表示、混合推理机制等进行了阐述.     

越野摩托车仿生车架的设计与应用

以某款越野摩托车铝合金车架作为案例,在剖析了原车架易发生裂纹而导致失效的成因后,在结构上采取仿生设计,通过借鉴大自然中某些动物的骨骼结构对原车架进行再设计,成功地解决了原车架易产生裂纹的毛病,从而充分展示了仿生学的魅力.     

约束对象的产品族模型知识表示及配置方法

针对目前产品族模型存在冗余、配置效率低、不易更新的问题,研究了基于约束对象的产品族模型的知识表示方法,有效地降低了产品结构冗余以及配置的复杂度,实现模型知识的有效封装.在此基础上研究了基于约束和实例的配置推理方法,给出了具体的配置推理过程.最后,给出了一个摩托车产品族建模的案例.该模型及其推理方法能够方便地利用计算机实现,可用于建立一个高效的产品族配置系统.     

基于实例推理的镀膜机快速设计研究

目的研究大规模定制模式下镀膜机的快速设计方法。方法阐述了基于实例推理技术的基本原理和关键技术,将基于实例推理的快速设计技术应用到镀膜机的设计过程中;研究了镀膜机的实例表示、检索和修正的具体实现方法,即采用数据库表的实例表示方法构建了镀膜机的实例库,运用最相邻策略法进行镀膜机实例的检索,采用基于框架的方案变换方法对检索的最相似实例进行修正。结果以Pro Engineer 5.0为开发平台,开发了基于实例推理的镀膜机快速设计系统,实现了资源的整合和重复利用。通过测试,该系统使设计效率提高了30%。结论将基于实例推理的快速设计技术引入到镀膜机的设计中,能够提高产品的设计效率和缩短产品的开发周期,从而解决客户个性化需求与大批量生产之间的矛盾,提高企业的市场竞争力。     

药筒精密成形工艺数字化设计系统

介绍了药筒工艺数字化设计系统的特点、设计流程和各功能模块的主要功能。该系统在药筒成形工艺和模具设计过程中融合了基于规则的推理与基于实例的推理,可智能完成工艺参数计算,半制品与模具参数化建模,同时为设计者提供有效的精密成形工艺设计知识和经验帮助,大幅提高了该类零件成形工艺和模具设计效率。     

数控编程KBE系统的基础性使能技术研究

针对数控编程领域知识的特点,对KBE系统实现的基础性使能技术进行了研究,介绍了基于实例和规则的数控编程领域知识表示方法和知识获取的概念、途径及过程,阐述了CBR在复杂零件数控编程中的应用,提出了以人工知识获取为主、机器学习为辅的数控编程领域知识获取方式和基于双向混合推理控制策略的CBR／RBR集成数控编程领域知识推理方法,研究成果在开发的原型系统中得到了应用,证明方法可行．     

A dynamic analysis of motorcycle ownership and usage: A panel data modeling approach

This study aims to develop motorcycle ownership and usage models with consideration of the state dependence and heterogeneity effects based on a large-scale questionnaire panel survey on vehicle owners. To account for the independence among alternatives and heterogeneity among individuals, the modeling structure of motorcycle ownership adopts disaggregate choice models considering the multinomial, nested, and mixed logit formulations. Three types of panel data regression models – ordinary, fixed, and random effects – are developed and compared for motorcycle usage. The estimation results show that motorcycle ownership in the previous year does exercise a significantly positive effect on the number of motorcycles owned by households in the current year, suggesting that the state dependence effect does exist in motorcycle ownership decisions. In addition, the fixed effects model is the preferred specification for modeling motorcycle usage, indicating strong evidence for existence of heterogeneity. Among various management strategies evaluated under different scenarios, increasing gas prices and parking fees will lead to larger reductions in total kilometers traveled.     

摩托车用磁流变阻尼器的可控电流驱动器

提出一种摩托车用磁流变阻尼器的可控电流驱动器的原理,研究其硬件电路组成和特性测试方案,介绍了在此基础上开发的摩托车用磁流变阻尼器的可控电流驱动器及其特性测试系统.测试结果表明,摩托车用磁流变阻尼器的可控电流驱动器具有良好的瞬态响应特性和线性度,可在摩托车用蓄电池供电环境下用于磁流变阻尼器的电流驱动.     

摩托车路面输入传递特性分析及试验

改善摩托车振动传递特性是提高摩托车振动舒适性的重要途径。基于所建立的路面输入下摩托车5自由度振动分析模型和拉格朗日方程,推导了车身和驾驶员垂直加速度对前后轮位移的频率响应特性。结合某125摩托车,编制Matlab程序对频率响应特性进行了数值计算,并借助道路模拟试验机对摩托车传递特性进行试验。结果表明,提出的摩托车传递特性分析和试验方法对提高摩托车振动舒适性具有重要的指导作用。     

A review of risk factors and patterns of motorcycle injuries

Per vehicle mile traveled, motorcycle riders have a 34-fold higher risk of death in a crash than people driving other types of motor vehicles. While lower-extremity injuries most commonly occur in all motorcycle crashes, head injuries are most frequent in fatal crashes. Helmets and helmet use laws have been shown to be effective in reducing head injuries and deaths from motorcycle crashes. Alcohol is the major contributing factor to fatal crashes. Enforcement of legal limits on the blood alcohol concentration is effective in reducing motorcycle deaths, while some alcohol-related interventions such as a minimal legal drinking age, increased alcohol excise taxes, and responsible beverage service specifically for motorcycle riders have not been examined. Other modifiable protective or risk factors comprise inexperience and driver training, conspicuity and daytime headlight laws, motorcycle licensure and ownership, riding speed, and risk-taking behaviors. Features of motorcycle use and potentially effective prevention programs for motorcycle crash injuries in developing countries are discussed. Finally, recommendations for future motorcycle-injury research are made.     

摩托车出口包装结构式样的探讨及设计思路分析

以YAMAHA摩托车包装箱设计为例,重点讨论了出口包装箱结构式样的设计过程;讨论中对各种类型的包装箱局部结构进行了分析,强调了简化结构、降低成本的重要性.提出了优化包装箱结构、降低包装箱成本、优先考虑使用绿色环保的包装材料的设计思路.     

Role of sensory and cognitive conspicuity in the prevention of collisions between motorcycles and trucks at T-intersections

Motorcyclists are particularly vulnerable to injury in crashes with heavy vehicles due to substantial differences in vehicle mass, the degree of protection and speed. There is a considerable difference in height between motorcycles and trucks; motorcycles are viewed by truck drivers from downward angles, and shorter distances between them mean steeper downward angles. Hence, we anticipated that the effects of motorcycle conspicuity treatments would be different for truck drivers. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of motorcycle conspicuity treatments on the identification and detection of motorcycles by truck drivers. Two complementary experiments were performed; the first experiment assessed the impact of motorcycle sensory conspicuity on the ability of un-alerted truck drivers to detect motorcycles, and the second experiment assessed the motorcycle cognitive conspicuity to alerted truck drivers. The sensory conspicuity was measured in terms of motorcycle detection rates by un-alerted truck drivers when they were not anticipating a motorcycle within a realistic driving scene, while the cognitive conspicuity was determined by the time taken by alerted truck drivers to actively search for a motorcycle. In the first experiment, the participants were presented with 10 pictures and were instructed to report the kinds of vehicles that were presented in the pictures. Each picture was shown to the participants for 600 ms. In the second experiment, the participants were presented with the same set of pictures and were instructed to respond by clicking the right button on a mouse as soon as they detected a motorcycle in the picture. The results indicate that the motorcycle detection rate increases, and the response time to search for a motorcycle decreases, as the distance between the targeted motorcycle and the viewer decreases. This is true regardless of the type of conspicuity treatment used. The use of daytime running headlights (DRH) was found to increase the detection rate and the identification of a motorcycle by a truck driver at a farther distance, but effect deteriorates as the distance decreases. The results show that the detection rate and the identification of a motorcyclist wearing a black helmet with a reflective sticker increases as the distance between the motorcycle and the truck decreases. We also found that a motorcyclist wearing a white helmet and a white outfit is more identifiable and detectable at both shorter and longer distances. In conclusion, although this study provides evidence that the use of appropriate conspicuity treatments enhances motorcycle conspicuity to truck drivers, we suggest that more attention should be paid to the effect of background environment on motorcycle conspicuity.     

Naturalistic study of rider's behaviour in initial training in France: Evidence of limitations in the educational content

This paper analyses motorcycle educational content in a number of French motorcycle schools on the basis of a naturalistic study of riders’ and trainers’ behaviour. The aim is to specify the situations delivered in motorcycle schools and to study the rider's activity in these situations. The methodology includes ethnographic observation within the motorcycle schools and the longitudinal monitoring of 14 trainee motorcyclists during their initial training. The training situations were described by the combination of audio–visual recordings and interviews data (i.e. concomitant or interruptive verbalization, and self-confrontation data). The results permit to (1) compare the “real” and “official” durations of track and on-road training, (2) characterize the real training situations, (3) describe the preferred forms of instruction, and (4) conduct an in-depth analysis of the situations used during training in traffic. The discussion show, in first, the poverty of the training situations which are based on the repetition of the exercises in the test, and, in second, disparities between the riding situations encountered during training and the demands made by riding in natural traffic. The usefulness and the applications of this type of approach – based on the integration of the rider's point of view notably by self-confrontation interview – for understanding real riding behaviours and how such approaches could supplement vehicle-based data are discussed in a large conclusion.