金属有机骨架MIL-101的合成、改性及在催化反应中的应用进展

MIL-101除了具备其他金属-有机骨架MOFs材料的孔隙率和比表面积高、微孔尺寸可调和结构易功能化等特点外,与大多数MOFs材料不同,MIL-101的水热稳定性高,使其在催化领域得到了广泛应用。详细介绍了MIL-101的合成方法研究进展情况及合成过程的影响因素,综述了负载活性组分、原位合成和后修饰改性等改性MIL-101材料近年来在催化领域应用的最新进展。最后指出水热合成法存在工艺繁杂、有机废液多、收率较低等问题,干胶转化法以其特有的优势为MIL-101的工业化生产提供了可能;MIL-101作为催化剂本身酸性位较弱、化学活性中心单一,提高MIL-101的酸强度、嵌入具有催化性能的有机配体等改性设计是拓展其在催化领域应用的发展趋势。     

IRMOFs基金属有机骨架材料合成及性能优化研究进展

金属有机框架材料(MOFs)因其具有结构多样、孔隙率高、孔径可调等优点而展现出在催化、能量转化、气体储存和环境修复领域的巨大应用潜力。网状金属-有机骨架材料(IRMOFs)作为其中的主要类别材料,具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、调节孔径简单和价格低廉等特点,使其区别于其他MOFs材料,成为在气体吸附、催化、荧光等领域具有巨大应用潜力的优质材料。综述近年来IRMOFs系列材料发展、合成和性能优化的设计原理和策略,为在这个领域获得更高性能的复合材料提供研究参考,同时指出IRMOFs系列材料的研究前景和挑战。     

二维金属有机骨架材料制备技术的研究进展

金属有机骨架（MOFs）材料是一种由金属离子或团簇通过配位键与有机配体自组装形成的有机-无机杂化多孔材料。二维MOFs材料具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、孔结构可调、电子传递能力强以及活性位点直接暴露在二维平面上等独特优点,这使得它们在气体吸附、催化、储能及传感等多个领域均有很好的应用前景。随着二维材料的迅速发展,越来越多的新型二维MOFs材料被合成制备出来。结合近几年国内外研究现状,综述了界面生长法、表面活性剂辅助法和剥离法等3种二维MOFs材料的制备方法,分析了各种方法的优点和不足之处,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。今后,开发一种成本低、产率高、易于工业化生产且环境友好的二维MOFs材料制备技术将是该研究领域的重点发展方向。     

金属-卟啉框架材料在光催化领域的应用

金属-有机框架(metal-organic frameworks，MOFs)是一种由金属离子或金属簇与多齿有机配体通过配位键连接而形成的有机无机杂化多孔晶态材料，具有较大的比表面积和孔道，同时结构也易于实现剪裁。近十几年MOFs在催化、气体吸附等领域得到了较大发展。卟啉等四吡咯大环结构有很好的光吸收特性，作为连接体应用于MOFs中可有效拓宽其吸收光谱，因此，基于卟啉配体的MOFs被广泛应用于光催化领域。本文综述了近十年来金属-卟啉框架材料在光催化选择性有机合成、析氢、析氧、还原CO₂、降解有机污染物方面的应用，同时对金属-卟啉框架材料未来在光催化领域的发展进行了展望。     

MOFs/聚氨酯复合材料性能的研究进展

金属有机框架化合物（MOFs）/聚氨酯复合材料因兼具聚氨酯柔性结构及MOFs材料多孔性、易修饰性的特点，广泛应用在污水处理、安全防护、催化降解等领域。文章通过金属离子与有机配体的结构，对MOFs性能进行了介绍，列举了共混法、聚合法、原位生长法等常见MOFs改性聚氨酯的方法。系统归纳分析了MOFs/聚氨酯复合材料的选择吸附性、阻燃、力学、催化、抗菌等性能特点，并对其研究方向进行了总结和展望，对MOFs/聚氨酯复合材料的研究具有一定的指导意义。     

金属有机框架材料催化氧化脱硫研究进展

金属有机框架(MOFs)由于其高比表面积、结构多样且孔径可调节等性能被应用于反应催化剂.研究表明,不同的制备方法和反应条件对金属有机框架材料性能有重要影响.针对不同MOFs本体以及MOFs改性材料的催化氧化脱硫性能进行了比较,探讨了影响MOFs材料性能的因素,发现材料结构中的缺陷以及复合材料中的协同作用对催化氧化脱硫性...     

MOFs复合材料催化降解水中有机污染物的应用研究进展

金属有机框架材料（MOFs）具有比表面积较高、孔径尺寸可调、结构可设计和可以功能化的特点，近年来受到广泛关注，尤其是基于MOFs的复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物的作用越来越突出，这是近年来MOFs的一个重要研究方向。本文综述了MOFs复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物领域的研究情况；介绍了MOFs及其特性；说明了MOFs复合材料的负载方式；总结了MOFs复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物方面的应用。同时，阐述了MOFs复合材料催化降解水中有机污染物的机理及其存在的问题。最后，提出未来MOFs复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物的研究方向是合成形貌多样、结晶性能好的新型高稳定性材料以及开发新的MOFs及其复合材料的制备方法。     

UiO-66的合成、结构及应用进展

金属有机框架（MOFs）材料因其比表面积大、孔隙率高及孔道易调、易功能化等特点而应用于各研究领域。然而,多数MOFs材料的化学稳定性和水热稳定性较差,使其应用受到极大的限制。锆基MOFs材料UiO-66的骨架坍塌温度>500℃、可承受1.0 MPa的机械压力,并且具有超高稳定性,从而引起了广泛的关注。该文系统地介绍了UiO-66制备方法的研究进展,其中干凝胶转化法具有产品收率高、反应体积小及可连续生产等优点,更具优势;同时详细介绍了有机配体、金属节点和掺杂等改性方式对UiO-66结构的影响,总结了UiO-66在催化、气体储存和分离、药物输送等方面的应用;最后,对UiO-66的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

金属有机框架化合物应用于催化反应研究进展

金属有机框架化合物(Metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)是一种新型有机骨架材料,具有高的表面积和孔隙率,而且多孔框架结构丰富、可控性强,在催化领域具有较大的应用潜力。综述了MOFs催化剂具有的结构特点,并根据MOFs材料的催化方式总结了其在催化方面的相关应用,探讨了MOFs在实际催化应用中的性能优势及可能存在的问题,并对MOFs材料在催化领域中的应用前景做了展望。     

发光金属-有机框架物作为传感材料的研究进展

金属-有机框架物(Metal-Orgamic Frameworks,MOFs)因其在吸附分离、储氢、磁性、催化以及荧光检测等多方面潜在的应用而成为当前的研究热点.简单介绍了发光MOFs的特点,着重评述了基于金属离子和基于有机配体发光的MOFs传感材料的研究.提出了发光MOFs作为传感材料存在的问题,预测了今后的发展趋势...     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.