胎体帘布胶粘合性能研究

研究癸酸钴和硼酰化钴以及粘合增进剂CS-964和Si69对胎体钢丝帘布胶粘合性能的影响。结果表明,癸酸钴较硼酰化钴能够提供给胶料更高的老化后粘合力保持率,同时胶料的耐疲劳性能较好;粘合增进剂CS-964可提高胶料定伸应力和耐疲劳性能,但用量过大会导致胶料老化后粘合力保持率下降;Si69有助于提高添加白炭黑的胎体钢丝帘布胶的物理性能,同时能改善胶料的耐疲劳性能。     

胎体帘布胶粘合性能研究

研究癸酸钴和硼酰化钴以及粘合增进剂CS-964和Si69对胎体钢丝帘布胶粘合性能的影响。结果表明,癸酸钴较硼酰化钴能够提供给胶料更高的老化后粘合力保持率,同时胶料的耐疲劳性能较好;粘合增进荆CS-964可提高胶料定伸应力和耐疲劳性能,但用量过大会导致胶料老化后粘合力保持率下降;Si69有助于提高添加白炭黑的胎体钢丝帘布胶的物理性能,同时能改善胶料的耐疲劳性能。     

钴盐对子午线轮胎帘布胶镀铜钢丝帘线之间粘合力的影响

研究了钴盐品种和用量对NR胶料性能及子午线轮胎帘布胶－镀钢钢丝帘线粘合力的影响,结果表明,加入不同品种钴盐的胶料性能无明显差别;过硫化时间的延长,含钴盐CN－10和CN－16的胶料与镀钢线帘线之间的粘合力明显下降;经热空气老化后不同品种钴盐均保持较好的耐热性能;经湿热蒸汽老化后钴盐CN－20.5和680C具有较高的粘合力保持率。随着钴盐CN－20.5用量的增大,可获得较高的初始粘合力,但耐热空气老化和耐湿热蒸汽老化性能下降明显,其用量以0.7－1.2份为最佳。     

钴盐对钢丝帘线与橡胶粘合性能的影响

对环烷酸钴，硼酰化钴，新癸酸钴等钴盐粘合增进剂对高和低铜质量分数钢丝帘线与橡胶粘合性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明，胶料中加入钴盐能够提高强伸性能和与钢丝帘线的初始粘合唱 力及耐盐水老化能力。     

硫黄与癸酸钴对轮胎胎体橡胶/钢丝粘合性能的影响

采用子午线轮胎胎体配方胶料,开发了一种橡胶/钢丝帘线动态粘合性能的测试方法,考察了硫黄与癸酸钴对橡胶/钢丝动静态粘合性能的影响。结果表明,随着硫黄用量的增大,动静态粘合性能均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。经20万次拉伸屈挠疲劳试验之后,硫黄用量少的胶料抽出力升高,反之则降低,与力学性能和动态力学性能相关性不大;癸酸钴能显著提高橡胶/钢丝帘线的动静态粘合性能,癸酸钴用量为2份时动态粘合性能最佳,与胶料的力学性能和动态力学性能有较好的相关性,撕裂强度较高,滞后性能较低,动态粘合性能好。     

粘合体系对全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体钢丝粘合胶性能的影响

研究3种粘合体系对全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体钢丝粘合胶性能的影响。试验结果表明,单独使用钴盐粘合体系,癸酸钻用量以0．5和1份为宜;单独使用间一甲粘合体系,间苯二酚-80用量以1．25份、粘合剂RA用量以4和5份为宜;两种粘合体系配合使用进行配方优选,钴盐用量为0．5份,间苯二酚-80用量为1．25份,粘合剂RA用量为4份,胶料的各项性能达到最优。采用优选配方进行生产,胶料的工艺性能良好,成品轮胎耐久性能超过国家标准要求。     

三相合金镀层钢丝在无钴橡胶中的粘合力研究

研究铜、锌、钴三相合金镀层钢丝在无钴橡胶中的粘合性能,并与黄铜镀层钢丝在含钴胶料中的粘合性能进行对比。结果表明：在高温、高湿的老化条件下,三相合金镀层钢丝帘线的粘合力保持率明显提高,镀层中的钴可以抑制老化过程中脱锌的速度;橡胶中去除钴盐,使胶料的物理性能和抗裂纹扩展能力得到提升。     

钴盐用量对橡胶与钢丝帘线粘合性能的影响

对硼酰化钴ＭＣ２３（钴质量分数为２３％）用量（０６～１６份）对橡胶与钢丝帘线粘合性能的影响进行研究。采用的基本配方为：ＮＲ１０００；炭黑Ｎ３２６６２０；芳烃油８０；氧化锌９０；硬脂酸０５；防老剂４０２０２０；不溶性硫黄ＩＳ７０２０６０；促进剂ＤＺ１０；粘合剂ＲＳ３５；粘合剂Ａ２３；沉淀法白炭黑５０。结果表明，随着钴盐用量的增大，在未老化、热空气老化及盐水老化条件下，胶料与钢丝的粘合强度有所提高；在湿热老化条件下，粘合强度由于热量和湿气的交互作用而发生较大幅度的下降，但钴盐用量在１０份时粘合强度的下降为最小。综合胶料初始和老化后的应力应变性能和粘合强度，以１０份钴盐用量为最佳。     

“协同催化型”复合钴盐FH-20在带束层胶料中的应用研究

本文采用全钢子午线轮胎带束层胶料配方,研究了“协同催化型”复合钴盐FH-20的用量对胶料硫化特性、硫化胶物理机械性能、与带束层钢丝粘合性能的影响,并初步探讨了其促进粘合的机理。结果表明：随FH-20用量增大,胶料的最高最低转矩差值增大,焦烧时间和工艺正硫化时间缩短,硫化胶的硬度、定伸应力增大,表明FH-20有促进胶料硫化的作用;硫化胶拉伸强度、回弹率随FH-20用量增大先上升后下降,撕裂强度基本不变,但胶料耐老化性下降;与加入0.9份的新癸酸钴或0.9份的硼酰化钴胶料相比,当FH-20用量为0.45份时,胶料与钢丝的粘合性能相当,力学性能和耐老化性更优;经热失重分析发现,FH-20的初始分解温度低于新癸酸钴,表现出更高的化学活性,这是其低用量高促进粘合活性的主要原因。FH-20的钴含量约为新癸酸钴的75%,且其用量仅为新癸酸钴的一半,胶料中钴含量仅为新癸酸钴胶料的40%左右,初步实现了钴盐粘合剂“低钴化”的目标,并能降低用户的产品成本。     

橡胶粘合增进剂新癸酸钴RCo-1的合成及应用

介绍了橡胶粘合增进剂新癸酸钴RCo-1的合成及应用。傅立叶红外光谱分析证明，RCo-1与进口粘合增进剂CN20．5成分相同。在全钢载重子午线轮胎生产配方中的实际应用表明，使用RCo-1的胶料各项性能均达到使用进口同类产品水平，且橡胶－钢丝粘合力和拉伸强度占优势。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。