一种改进的不完备熵属性约简在装备故障诊断中应用

针对经典的粗糙集方法在处理不完备测试数据时,将完备化和属性约简先后进行易导致完备化数据产生偏差而影响属性约简准确性的问题,给出一种基于不完备熵的属性约简算法.通过对属性重要度概念在粗糙熵和不完备熵定义上进行拓展,立足原始测试数据直接计算各条件属性的属性重要度,从而获取一个较优的属性约简.该方法不仅充分考虑了不完备数据与属性约简之间的联系,而且约简结果更加精确,最后在某型装备故障诊断中应用验证了其有效性和优越性.     

一种基于粗糙集的纳税人属性约简方法．

基于粗糙集理论,对基于属性重要度的启发式属性约简算法进行了改进,并将改进后算法运用于纳税人属性约简的实际工作中.该算法解决了原有基于属性重要度的启发式属性约简算法结果中存在冗余属性问题,实现了属性选择较小化,并保持原有数据分类能力不发生大的变化.通过属性约简实验结果和实际工作情况对比,证明该算法具有很好的性能.     

基于不确定信息系统的动态属性约简算法

针对不确定信息系统中存在的问题,在不确定信息系统的属性集上定义了一种等价关系,以等价类决定属性的条件信息量,从而定义属性的相对重要性,给出一种新型的动态属性约简算法。在一个信息系统不断变化时,该算法不像静态约简算法需要重新计算,而是利用新增的数据对已有的数据进行修正,使得每次约简充分利用上一次的结果,这样使得同样的比较运算不会重复进行。通过分析表明,该算法是正确有效的。     

基于对象增量的不完备混合信息系统动态属性约简算法

属性约简是粗糙集理论在信息处理和自动化控制领域中的重要应用,然而实际应用环境下,数据的采集是源源不断地并且采集到的数据包含了不同的数据类型,同时数据传输过程中也存在着数据丢失的情况,使得最终得到的信息系统是不完备混合类型的,并且时刻处于增加更新之中。针对这一情形,提出一种条件信息熵的不完备混合型信息系统动态属性约简算法。文中首先介绍了不完备混合型信息系统的条件熵模型以及条件熵的属性约简,然后提出了不完备混合型信息系统条件熵随论域增加时的增量式更新计算,该计算方法通过旧信息系统的条件熵进一步计算新信息系统的条件熵,理论证明了这种增量式计算具有很高的计算效率,最后基于这种增量式计算,设计出了条件熵的不完备混合型信息系统动态属性约简算法。实验分析表明,所提出的动态属性约简算法相比较于传统的静态属性约简算法具有很高的动态属性约简性能,同时与同类型的动态属性约简算法相比具有较好的优越性。     

基于粗糙集的海量数据挖掘算法研究

针对传统数据挖掘算法在数据量级方面的局限性,提出在粗糙集理论的基础上,采用类分布链表结构改进传统的基于属性重要性的数据离散化算法、属性约简算法以及基于启发式的值约简算法。讨论了基于动态聚类的两步离散化算法,当算法适应大数据处理之后,采用并行计算的方法提高算法的执行效率。算法测试结果表明,改进算法能有效地处理大数据量,同时并行计算解决了大数据量处理带来的效率问题。     

基于粗糙集的海量数据挖掘算法研究

针对传统数据挖掘算法在数据量级方面的局限性,提出在粗糙集理论的基础上,采用类分布链表结构改进传统的基于属性重要性的数据离散化算法、属性约简算法以及基于启发式的值约简算法;讨论了基于动态聚类的两步离散化算法,当算法适应大数据处理之后,采用并行计算的方法提高算法的执行效率。算法测试结果表明改进的算法能有效地处理大数据量,同时并行计算解决了大数据量处理带来的效率问题。     

混合数据的邻域区分度增量式属性约简算法

增量式属性约简是一种针对动态环境下的数据挖掘方法.目前已经提出的增量式属性约简算法仅适用于符号型的信息系统,而很少有对混合信息系统进行相关的研究,这促使在混合信息系统下构建相关的增量式属性约简算法.区分度是用于设计属性约简的一种重要方法,本文将传统的区分度在混合信息系统下进行推广,提出邻域区分度的概念,然后分别研究了邻域区分度在混合信息系统下对象增加和对象减少时的增量式学习,最后根据这种增量式学习分别提出了对应的增量式属性约简算法.UCI数据集上的相关实验结果表明,所提出的增量式属性约简比非增量式属性约简能够更快速的更新约简结果.     

基于多属性模糊C均值聚类的属性约简算法

模糊C均值聚类算法在处理高维数据集时,存在计算复杂度高,算法泛化能力差,计算精度低等问题。考虑到特征属性对聚类的贡献程度的差异,在多属性模糊C均值聚类的思想上,提出一种基于属性重要性的约简算法。为验证有效性,在UCI数据集上,将新算法与因子分析法和粗糙集理论约简方法进行比较分析。实验结果表明,该方法具有更好的泛用性,在平均标准差大或类间中心距离较远的数据集上具有更好的性能。     

基于二元矩阵的启发式属性约简算法

本文将基于分辨矩阵的二元矩阵和基于属性重要度的启发式属性约简算法结合起来,提出了一种新颖的针对不完备信息系统的属性约简算法。该算法用条件属性和决策属性之间的依赖度来度量属性重要度,进行启发式约简。该算法将属性约简问题转化为寻找能够覆盖决策属性的二元矩阵的二元矩阵集合问题。通过实例检验,该算法是有效的。     

基于粗糙集的属性约简算法综述

属性约简是粗糙集中的一个重要研究方向.本文从8个方面对基于粗糙集的属性约简算法进行归纳,即:不完备决策信息表,不相容决策信息表,连续型属性决策信息表,动态决策信息表,有序型属性决策信息表,基于粗糙扩展模型的属性约简,基于属性重要度的属性约简,结合智能优化算法的属性约简,这对进一步深入研究粗糙集的属性约简算法具有积极意义.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.