高压功率VDMOS管的设计研制

随着功率电子器件进一步向高压、高频、大电流方向发展,VDMOS晶体管的市场将会越来越广阔。通过综合各种模型,优化外延层厚度和掺杂浓度。设计了高压VDMOS器件的元胞图形以及器件尺寸,并在终端利用新的思路,从而提高了漏源击穿电压,基于理论分析在工艺上成功实现了耐压为500V,导通电流为3A的功率VDMOS器件。     

高压IGBT线性变窄场限环终端设计

为使3300 V及以上电压等级绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)的工作结温达到150℃以上,设计了一种具有高结终端效率、结构简单且工艺可实现的线性变窄场限环(LNFLR)终端结构。采用TCAD软件对这种终端结构的击穿电压、电场分布和击穿电流等进行了仿真,调整环宽、环间距及线性变窄的公差值等结构参数以获得最优的电场分布,重点对比了高环掺杂浓度和低环掺杂浓度两种情况下LNFLR终端的阻断特性。仿真结果表明,低环掺杂浓度的LNFLR终端具有更高的击穿电压。进一步通过折中击穿电压和终端宽度,采用LNFLR终端的3300 V IGBT器件可以实现4500 V以上的终端耐压,而终端宽度只有700μm,相对于标准的场限环场板(FLRFP)终端缩小了50%。     

一款600V VDMOS终端结构的设计

设计了一款600V VDMOS功率器件的终端保护环结构,采用场限环与复合场板相结合的方式降低硅表面的电场峰值,且表面电场分布均匀.在159μm终端长度上仿真实现了670V的耐压,表面电场最大值为2.36e5V*cm-1,提高了终端的可靠性;工艺简单,同时没有增加额外的掩膜与步骤.     

650 V IGBT横向变掺杂终端的设计与优化

绝缘栅双极型晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT)器件的最重要参数之一是击穿电压(Breakdown Voltage, BV),影响IGBT器件BV的因素包括：平面工艺PN结扩散终端、界面电荷、杂质在Si、SiO₂中具有不同分凝系数等。其中影响IGBT器件耐压能力的重要因素是芯片终端结构的设计,终端区耗尽层边界的曲率半径制约了BV的提升,为了能够减少曲率效应和增大BV,可以采取边缘终端技术。通过Sentaurus TCAD计算机仿真软件,采取横向变掺杂(Variable Lateral Doping, VLD)技术,设计了一款650 V IGBT功率器件终端,在VLD区域利用掩膜技术刻蚀掉一定的硅,形成浅凹陷结构。仿真结果表明,这一结构实现了897 V的耐压,终端长度为256μm,与同等耐压水平的场限环终端结构相比,终端长度减小了19.42%,且最大表面电场强度为1.73×10⁵ V/cm,小于硅的临界击穿电场强度(2.5×10⁵ V/cm);能在极大降低芯片面积的同...     

一种VLD结构VDMOS终端设计

垂直双扩散金属氧化物场效应晶体管(Vertical Double-diffused Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor,VDMOS)终端设计中,场限环结构被广泛应用,但随着器件耐压的增加,场限环终端在效率、占用面积方面的劣势也越发明显。结合横向变掺杂的原理,在成熟的场限环工艺基础上,只更改深阱杂质注入窗口大小与距离,设计了一种800 V VDMOS终端结构,击穿电压仿真值达到938.5 V,为平行平面结击穿电压的93.29%,有效终端长度仅为137.4 μm。     

基于STI工艺的高压LDMOS器件设计与优化

在LDMOS功率器件设计中可以引入STI工艺替代LOCOS工艺来进一步抑制表面电荷效应,以提高LDOMS功率器件的耐压强度及降低比导通电阻。本文将介绍STI工艺的优势和LDMOS器件设计原理,并在TSMC 0.6μm BCD工艺为基础上增加STI工艺流程来设计一款适用于汽车电子应用的40V LDMOS器件。通过ATHENA（工艺模拟）和ATLAS（器件仿真）仿真实验与器件参数提取,表明采用STI工艺的LDMOS器件比采用LOCOS工艺的LDMOS器件在耐压漂移区长度比方面提高了23.40%,且比导通电阻降低了66.12%。     

有n埋层结构的1200V横向变掺杂双RESURF LDMOS研制

提出有n埋层的横向变掺杂双RESURF 新结构高压LDMOS器件.该结构器件与常规LDMOS相比,采用了相对较薄的外延层,使之与标准CMOS工艺的兼容性得到了改善.基于二维器件仿真软件MEDICI分析了n埋层的浓度、长度和p-降场层的杂质浓度分布对器件耐压的影响,并进行了器件和工艺的优化设计.在国内工艺生产线成功地研制出1200V高压LDMOS,并已用于1200V功率集成电路中.     

有n埋层结构的1200V横向变掺杂双RESURF LDMOS研制

提出有n埋层的横向变掺杂双RESURF 新结构高压LDMOS器件.该结构器件与常规LDMOS相比,采用了相对较薄的外延层,使之与标准CMOS工艺的兼容性得到了改善.基于二维器件仿真软件MEDICI分析了n埋层的浓度、长度和p－降场层的杂质浓度分布对器件耐压的影响,并进行了器件和工艺的优化设计.在国内工艺生产线成功地研制出1200V高压LDMOS,并已用于1200V功率集成电路中.     

一款700V功率场效应管失效分析与改进

对一款700 V功率场效应管失效芯片进行亮点分析,并通过TCAD软件进行数值仿真验证失效原因。最后对失效管的终端进行了改进设计,在215μm的终端长度上实现了779 V的耐压。结果表明,其硅表面最大场强为2.65×105 V/cm,有效解决了芯片失效问题,提高了器件的可靠性。同时终端长度比原失效终端长度缩小了13%,有效减小了器件的面积。     

一款700 V VDMOSFET结终端结构设计

为了提高功率器件结终端击穿电压,节约芯片面积,设计了一款700 V VDMOSFET结终端结构。在不增加额外工艺步骤和掩膜的前提下,该结构采用场限环-场板联合结终端技术,通过调整结终端场限环和场板的结构参数,在151μm的有效终端长度上达到了772 V的击穿电压,表面电场分布相对均匀且最大表面场强为2.27×105V/cm,小于工业界判断器件击穿场强标准(2.5×105 V/cm)。在保证相同的击穿电压下,比其他文献中同类结终端结构节约面积26%,实现了耐压和可靠性的要求,提高了结终端面积的利用效率。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.