基于注意力机制的自监督图卷积会话推荐

为了解决会话推荐系统中数据稀疏性问题, 提出了一种基于注意力机制的自监督图卷积会话推荐模型(self-supervised graph convolution session recommendation based on attention mechanism, ATSGCN). 该模型将会话序列构建成3个不同的视图: 超图视图、项目视图和会话视图, 显示会话的高阶和低阶连接关系; 其次, 超图视图使用超图卷积网络来捕获会话中项目之间的高阶成对关系, 项目视图和会话视图分别使用图卷积网络和注意力机制来捕获项目和会话级别局部数据中的低阶连接信息; 最后, 通过自监督学习使两个编码器学习到的会话表示之间的互信息最大化, 从而有效提升推荐性能. 在Nowplaying和Diginetica两个公开数据集上进行对比实验, 实验结果表明, 所提模型性能优于基线模型.     

面向海量层次信息可视化的嵌套圆鱼眼视图

针对海量层次信息可视化问题,提出嵌套圆鱼眼视图及实现方法.首先分析了相关工作;然后构造了针对同层兄弟节点的变形函数,给出了针对焦点节点同层兄弟节点的外切圆变形排列算法、变形后节点的子节点的嵌套圆递归排列算法及将二维鱼眼视图映射为三维鱼眼视图的方法;最后将该方法应用于计算机文件系统可视化.实验结果表明:该方法在相对小的显示空间内,既能显示海量信息的整体视图,又能突出局部焦点细节信息,具有较高的任务完成效率与用户满意度.     

一种基于视图的本体映射模型的构建

为了实现异构本体间的互操作,本体映射是最有效的解决方法.在本体映射的研究中,已经有很多文献提出了多种映射方法,比较和分析这些方法后,本文基于Schema映射理论构建了基于视图的本体映射模型.首先生成各局部本体的视图;然后对各局部本体视图概念进行聚类分析生成类聚簇,在此基础上基于概念语义关系将局部本体视图元素合并集成为全局本体视图元素,生成全局本体视图,同时建立起全局本体视图与局部本体视图间的映射关系.该模型增加了本体映射的可理解性和清晰性;适应于动态信息环境;为实现异构本体间信息共享提供了一个可视化的框架.     

基于自适应滑动窗口的漏磁数据灰度化增强方法

管道无损检测领域中传统的漏磁数据灰度可视化方法在缺陷曲线视图显示时具有延迟大、灰度视图辨识度低的缺点。针对该问题,本文提出了一种基于自适应滑动窗口的漏磁数据灰度化特征增强方法。首先,根据漏磁数据特点建立非等量分类标签并设置降采样比,实现对原始漏磁数据的降采样显示;然后,根据预处理后的漏磁数据设计自适应滑动窗口及灰度值补偿算法,实现漏磁数据的局部分段灰度映射;最后,基于漏磁数据分类标签设计自适应灰度映射方法,得到清晰的漏磁数据灰度视图。通过对比实验,验证了所提方法的先进性和有效性。     

支持界面自动生成的模型研究

为支持界面工程化设计,提出一种基于模型驱动思想的支持界面自动生成的ADS模型。ADS模型由分析模型、会话模型和显示模型构成。分析模型完成对界面功能和数据信息的建模,依据给定的转换规则,由会话模型生成界面的抽象视图,通过显示模型处理抽象视图的可视化和布局问题,并用UsiXML界面描述语言加以描述,组合UsiXML片段成XML文件,由框架解析XML文件生成用户界面。     

语义透镜:针对多体数据的交互可视探索工具

在多体数据可视化中,并列视图的绘制方法往往存在空间位置不够直观和特征差异难以追踪等问题,而单一视图融合的绘制方法则会引发内部特征相互遮挡和可视化结果不易理解等问题.为此提出一种面向多体数据特征的可视化及分析工具,即语义透镜.首先结合体数据的多维属性分析设计语义列表,建立高层语义描述如大小、形状等与底层多维传输函数之间的关联,由用户根据需求交互设定语义透镜内外感兴趣特征;为实现透镜内外特征的平缓过渡,利用色彩感知理论度量融合颜色的正确感知度,自适应地推荐基于颜色或结构采样的特征融合方案,在过渡区域对透镜内外特征进行融合绘制;最后根据透镜的深度位置只聚焦透镜后的光线,在放大特定深度位置后的感兴趣特征的同时保持上下文特征的大小.文中利用语义透镜对多特征单体,多模态和多变量3种类型实验数据进行交互式探索,使用户在同一视图中聚焦分析多体特征,同时避免特征遮挡和融合带来的理解与分析障碍;可视化对比结果及用户反馈进一步验证了语义透镜的有效性和实用性.     

信息熵在体绘制视图选取中的研究与应用

在三维体数据可视化处理过程中,选取一个好的视图可以提高对体数据理解的速度和效率.光投射算法是体绘制中一种非常重要的算法.由于该算法成熟,成像质量高,它已在许多医学可视化处理系统中得到了广泛的应用.为该算法提供了一种视图选择方法,它将信息熵公式与光投射算法结合在一起对所选视图质量的优劣做出客观的评价.该方法充分考虑了传递函数,数据分布和各个体素的可见度.方法既可以用于非交互可视化处理时对给定场景找到一幅最具可视化信息的视图;也可用于交互的可视化处理中引导用户确定好的视点,以便对所获取的可视化信息进一步地深入研究和探索.     

一种时序数据的可视化技术与工具

时序数据在许多研究领域中都广泛存在.信息可视化是对时序数据进行分析的有力工具,然而已有的时序数据可视化技术无法较好地分析时间跨度长的时序数据.提出一种称为FisheyeLines的可视化技术,能够快速显示大数据集的整体视图,同时方便查看细节信息;能够清楚地表达复杂信息间的相互关系,同时可以显示对象的属性.基于FisheyeLines可视化技术,还给出了一种称为FisheyeLinesVis的可视化工具,可以方便地构造时序数据可视化应用.对以上技术和工具所构造的应用实例的分析与评估充分验证了该方法的有效性和易用性.     

移动增强现实浏览器的信息可视化和交互式设计

为探究解决增强现实浏览器人因问题的方法,通过对移动增强现实环境中的人因问题进行分析,提出一个新型设计流程,并在实际设计中论证其有效性.首先对移动增强现实浏览器进行用户需求分析,并将需求转化为任务;然后将抽象信息可视化为数据视图,并采用概览与细节方法对构成视图的视觉元素进行布局;再使用渐进式交互法组织离散数据视图,生成交互界面;最终通过对浏览器原型的迭代设计解决评测过程中发现的人为设计错误.可用性测试结果表明,采用该方法设计的增强现实交互系统增进了用户对目标的认知,改善了用户体验.     

Web日志预处理中优化的会话识别方法

针对Web日志数据预处理中会话识别这一重要环节,提出一种优化的会话识别算法。在用户识别后,通过过滤框架页面大幅度减少实验产生的有效页面数,为每个页面设置访问时间阈值,并根据页面重要程度对该阈值进行调整,页面的重要性由页面内容及站点结构确定。实验数据显示,与对所有页面使用单一的先验阈值进行会话识别的方法相比较,该方法得到了真实性更强的会话集。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。