等离子喷涂制备超疏水表面研究进展EI北大核心

超疏水表面在自清洁、油水分离、水下减阻等方面具有巨大的应用价值。传统制备超疏水表面的方法往往工艺复杂、操作难度大、效率低下。等离子喷涂是一种常见的表面改性技术,利用等离子喷涂制备超疏水表面具有制备工艺简单、制备效率高的特点。本文综述了近年来利用等离子喷涂法制备超疏水表面的研究进展。首先介绍了超疏水表面和等离子喷涂技术的基本原理;然后,总结了大气等离子喷涂和液相等离子喷涂两种方法制备超疏水表面的工艺演变过程,阐述了两种方法的制备特点;最后,指出等离子喷涂法制备超疏水表面具有操作简单、成本低、制备性能优异等优点,但也面临着工艺参数探索复杂、性能与制备效率之间难以平衡等挑战。本文期望能在航空航天、海洋科学、军事装备涉及的关键零部件表面改性方面提供一定的参考价值。     

等离子喷涂制备超疏水表面研究进展

超疏水表面在自清洁、油水分离、水下减阻等方面具有巨大的应用价值。传统制备超疏水表面的方法往往工艺复杂、操作难度大、效率低下。等离子喷涂是一种常见的表面改性技术，利用等离子喷涂制备超疏水表面具有制备工艺简单、制备效率高的特点。本文综述了近年来利用等离子喷涂法制备超疏水表面的研究进展。首先介绍了超疏水表面和等离子喷涂技术的基本原理；然后，总结了大气等离子喷涂和液相等离子喷涂两种方法制备超疏水表面的工艺演变过程，阐述了两种方法的制备特点；最后，指出等离子喷涂法制备超疏水表面具有操作简单、成本低、制备性能优异等优点，但也面临着工艺参数探索复杂、性能与制备效率之间难以平衡等挑战。本文期望能在航空航天、海洋科学、军事装备涉及的关键零部件表面改性方面提供一定的参考价值。     

一种材料超疏水表面的制备方法及其应用

首先介绍了超疏水表面的重要应用,对超疏水表面结构进行了定义,并列举了几种制备超疏水表面的方法.详细介绍了利用复制模塑法制备超疏水表面的工艺过程,通过样品的扫描电镜照片分析了该工艺的优点以及工艺参数对样品表面微造型的影响.水滴在方形柱和平行光栅这两种PDMS微结构表面上的接触角分别为(154.6±0.7)°和(160.2±1.9)°,滚动角分别为6°和3°,达到超疏水标准.最后介绍了复制模塑法在制备超疏水表面、生物抗粘附研究及细胞分选过程中的应用,展望了其广阔的发展前景.     

复制模塑技术制备仿生超疏水表面的研究进展

超疏水表面在生产生活中具有重要的应用价值,其制备的关键在于构建合适的表面微结构.复制模塑技术在制备超疏水表面研究中具有操作简单、成本低廉的优势.在介绍了超疏水研究中描述浸润现象的Young's、Wenzel和Cassie-Baxter方程的理论要点的基础上,按第二次转移时所使用材料为预聚物、聚合物溶液或热塑性聚合物的不同,将复制模塑技术划分成直接复制模塑、溶液复制模塑和热模塑3种操作方法,并从这3方面综述了复制模塑技术在仿生超疏水表面制备中的研究进展.最后探讨了复制模塑技术研究中存在的一些问题及解决方案.     

金属基超疏水表面的制备及性能研究进展

本文综述了金属基超疏水材料的研究进展,重点讨论了金属基超疏水表面的主要制备方法,比较了不同制备方法的优缺点。同时,探讨了金属基超疏水表面的各种功能特性,并分析了金属基超疏水表面目前在制备和应用中存在的主要问题。指出金属基超疏水表面未来的重点发展方向是简化制备工艺、降低成本、提高超疏水表面的耐久性和稳定性以及制备具有自修复性能的金属超疏水表面。     

超疏水表面制备方法的比较

超疏水性是一种特殊的润湿性,它是指水滴与表面的静态接触角大于150°或者滑动角小于10°,其最初来源于“荷叶效应”。本文对近几年关于超疏水理论和自然界中超疏水现象研究进行介绍,并对超疏水表面的制备方法及其应用进行综述。分别总结了基于模板法、涂覆法、刻蚀法的超疏水表面制备方案的优缺点及其改进措施,重点阐述超疏水表面在金属表面抗腐蚀方面的应用。最后对具有特殊功能的超疏水表面的制备进行了介绍,如自愈性超疏水表面、润湿转变型超疏水表面。在制备方法中,模板法和涂覆法制备时间短、成本低,但稳定性和耐磨性较差;刻蚀法易于控制,但实用性受限。      

超疏水表面的研究进展及制备技术

概括了固体表面的润湿理论,分析讨论了超疏水表面的制备技术,尤其是近几年较新的制备方法,同时回顾了超疏水表面技术在现实生活中的实际应用。此外,简单介绍了上述方法制备的具有油水分离特性的表面。     

超疏水纳米界面材料的制备及其研究进展

综述了国内外近年来制备超疏水表面的方法;重点介绍了4种简易制备粗糙表面的方法(溶胶-凝胶法、相分离法、化学气相沉积法、模板法),并探讨了其优缺点及发展方向;介绍了超疏水表面的应用,提出了未来超疏水表面制备所面临的问题.     

微纳米结构超疏水膜层的构建与性能研究进展

介绍了超疏水膜层制备的理论,综述了微纳米结构超疏水膜层的构建方法与纳米粒子在超疏水膜层制备中的应用。微纳米结构与低表面能是形成超疏水膜层的2个关键要素,目前的制备方法在一定程度上实现了基体表面的超疏水性能,但试验设备贵、操作复杂、成本高;改性纳米粒子在超疏水膜层制备中具有重要应用,但存在官能团不稳定、改性剂成本高、表面微观结构脆弱等问题。因此,研究易于操作、低成本的制备技术、获得耐用性好的膜层是超疏水材料的重要研究方向。     

超疏水表面的研究进展及制备技术

概括了固体表面的润湿理论,分析讨论了超疏水表面的制备技术,尤其是近几年较新的制备方法,同时回顾了超疏水表面技术在现实生活中最近的实际应用。此外,简单介绍了本研究小组结合上述方法制备的具有油水分离特性的表面。     

Design and Creation of Superwetting/Antiwetting Surfaces

Recent achievements in the construction of surfaces with special wettabilities, such as superhydrophobicity, superhydrophilicity, superoleophobicity, superoleophilicity, superamphiphilicity, superamphiphobicity, superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity, and reversible switching between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity, are presented. Particular attention is paid to superhydrophobic surfaces created via various methods and surfaces with reversible superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity that are driven by various kinds of external stimuli. The control of the surface micro‐/nanostructure and the chemical composition is critical for these special properties. These surfaces with controllable wettability are of great importance for both fundamental research and practical applications.     

Differential superhydrophobicity and hydrophilicity on a thin cellulose layer

Here we have developed cellulosic materials (cotton fabric or paper) with differential superhydrophobicity and hydrophilicity on each side of the surfaces by coating with polyvinylidene fluoride and fluorinated silane molecules using electro-spraying. Such materials are advantageous in various textile and medical applications.Analysis of surface morphology indicated that, not only surface chemical property and roughness, but also particle diameter affects surface superhydrophobicity. Smaller particle diameter enhances superhydrophobicity, if the surface roughness and surface chemical property remain constant. By controlling these three factors, superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of more than 160° can be achieved at one side of a thin cellulosic material while maintaining the hydrophilicity (contact angle is 0°) at the opposite side.     

Spraying carbon nanotube dispersions to prepare superhydrophobic films

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a promising material for superhydrophobic coating. In the present study, we prepared superhydrophobic CNT films by spraying CNT dispersions, and discussed the factors that control superhydrophobicity of the CNT films. Three types of dispersions (i.e., CNTs/ethanol, CNTs functionalized with dodecyl groups/ethanol, and CNTs and trimethylsiloxysilicate (TMSS)/ethanol) were prepared as spraying solutions. As increasing the amount of spray-coated CNTs, hydrophobicity of the resulting films became higher, and eventually superhydrophobicity was observed. The spray-coated CNT films had hierarchical roughness, which is preferable morphology to show superhydrophobicity. The coexistence of TMSS in the film lowered the amount of CNTs required to show superhydrophobicity because TMSS acted like glue that prevented CNTs from aggregating on substrates. Interaction force of CNTs also affected the wettability of the CNT films. The π–π interaction of CNTs resulted in the aggregation of them on substrates, which lowered the wettability of the films. From this viewpoint, functionalization of CNTs with dodecyl groups was effective to form superhydrophobic films because the dodecyl groups on CNTs screened the π–π interaction of CNTs.     

Imparting Superhydrophobicity with a Hierarchical Block Copolymer Coating

A robust and transparent silica‐like coating that imparts superhydrophobicity to a surface through its hierarchical multilevel self‐assembled structure is demonstrated. This approach involves iterative steps of spin‐coating, annealing, and etching of polystyrene‐block‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer thin films to form a tailored multilayer nanoscale topographic pattern with a water contact angle up to 155°. A model based on the hierarchical topography is developed to calculate the wetting angle and optimize the superhydrophobicity, in agreement with the experimental trends, and explaining superhydrophobicity arising through the combination of roughness at different lengthscales. Additionally, the mechanical robustness and optically passive properties of the resulting hydrophobic surfaces are demonstrated.     

润湿性可切换的表面

超疏水性和超亲水性是表面润湿性的两个极端,受表面的形貌和化学组成的共同作用。通过施加外界刺激可以改变表面形貌和/或表面化学组成,实现表面润湿性在超疏水性和超亲水性之间的切换。本文综述了润湿性可切换表面的最新研究进展。概述了以光照、温度、pH值、溶剂、电势等作为外界刺激以及表面反离子切换实现表面润湿性在超疏水和超亲水之间切换的方法。介绍了由于非对称的润湿性而导致液体定向传递的现象。展望了可控润湿性表面发展趋势,通过调控表面微米-纳米多级粗糙结构和化学组成,可实现在各种基材表面实现超疏水和超亲水之间的切换。     

Natural and biomimetic artificial surfaces for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, low adhesion, and drag reduction

Nature has developed materials, objects, and processes that function from the macroscale to the nanoscale. The emerging field of biomimetics allows one to mimic biology or nature to develop nanomaterials, nanodevices, and processes which provide desirable properties. Hierarchical structures with dimensions of features ranging from the macroscale to the nanoscale are extremely common in nature to provide properties of interest. There are a large number of objects including bacteria, plants, land and aquatic animals, and seashells with properties of commercial interest. Certain plant leaves, such as Lotus leaves, are known to be superhydrophobic and self-cleaning due to the hierarchical roughness of their leaf surfaces. The self-cleaning phenomenon is widely known as the “Lotus effect.” These surfaces with high contact angle and low contact angle hysteresis with a self-cleaning effect also exhibit low adhesion and drag reduction for fluid flow. In this article, the theoretical mechanisms of the wetting of rough surfaces are presented followed by the characterization of natural leaf surfaces. The next logical step is to realize superhydrophobic surfaces based on understanding of the leaves. Next, a comprehensive review is presented on artificial superhydrophobic surfaces fabricated using various fabrication techniques and the influence of micro-, nano- and hierarchical structures on superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, low adhesion, and drag reduction.     

Preparation of Large Area Double-walled Carbon Nanotube Macro-films with Self-cleaning Properties

Double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) macro-films with large areas, excellent flexibility and superhy- drophobicity are reported. The area of the macro-film is larger than 30 cm×15 cm, and this large film can be bended, or folded without any damage, and even can be tailored freely. After a simple modification of perfluoroalkysilane, the surface of the macro-film shows excellent superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 165.7±2 deg. and sliding angle lower than 3 deg., the prepared superhydrophobic f...     

Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces on aluminum substrates using NaNO<Subscript>3</Subscript> electrolytes

A superhydrophobic surface with a water contact angle of 166.0° and a tilting angle of 1.5° was fabricated on an aluminum substrate by electrochemical machining using neutral NaNO₃ electrolytes, followed by fluorination. The fabrication process is based on the fact that the grain boundaries and dislocations on aluminum are anodic dissolved before the grain itself by an applied electric field. Using scanning electron microscopy to analyze surface morphology, micrometer scale caves, and protrusions were found on the surface, with numerous nanometer mastoids contained in the protrusions. These binary micro-nano rough structures, which are similar to the micro-structures of a lotus leaf surface, play an important role in achieving superhydrophobicity. The effects of processing time, processing current, and electrolyte concentration on superhydrophobicity were also examined. The results show that electrochemical machining does not require rigid processing parameters, uses a simple device, and is highly efficient and environmental friendly. The optimum processing conditions are a processing time of 60 min, a processing current of 250 mA, and an electrolyte of 0.15 mol/L.     

Vi-PDMS/S-SiO2超疏水聚酯纤维织物的制备及性能研究

目的 基于普通织物材料防水性较差的问题,制备一种具有超疏水涂层的聚酯纤维织物,并对其性能进行研究。方法 以聚酯纤维织物为基材,基于紫外光固化技术通过浸涂法,使用商用气相纳米SiO₂颗粒(S-SiO₂)、端乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷(Vi-PDMS)在织物表面构筑微纳粗糙结构,获得超疏水的织物。采用扫描电子显微镜、水接触角测量仪对其微观结构和疏水性能进行表征,并通过机械摩擦实验对其超疏水稳定性进行考察。结果 当Vi-PDMS和S-SiO₂质量比为1∶4时,选择交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)制备的聚酯纤维织物表面的水接触角可达到151°,滚动角可达9°;且经过40次循环摩擦后,其表面水接触角仍大于140°,具有一定的耐磨性。结论 基于紫外光固化技术,采用操作简便的浸涂法制备的聚酯纤维织物具有优异的超疏水性能和一定的耐磨性,为织物超疏水性能研究提供参考,有望应用于超疏水聚酯纤维织物领域。     

One-step production of superhydrophobic coatings on flat substrates via atmospheric Rf plasma process using non-fluorinated hydrocarbons

This paper describes the direct deposition of hydrocarbon coatings with a static water contact angle higher than 150 using simple C6 hydrocarbons as a reactive gas in helium plasma generated in ambient air without any preroughening of the silicon (100) substrate. The film morphology and hydrophobicity are found to strongly depend on the structure of the reagent hydrocarbon. The films deposited with n-hexane and cyclohexane exhibited relatively smooth morphology and the water contact angle was only ～95°, similar to polypropylene. When benzene was used as a main reactive gas, the deposited film surface showed nanoscale textured morphology and superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle as high as 167°. Because the plasma is generated in air, all films show some degree of oxygen incorporation. These results imply that the incorporation of a small amount of oxygenated species in hydrocarbon films due to excitation of ambient air is not detrimental for superhydrophobicity, which allows the atmospheric rf plasma with the benzene precursor to produce rough surface topography needed for superhydrophobicity.