基于构件的软件测试方法概述

构件技术成为当前软件工程中的发展方向,构件的软件测试成为软件测试中的一个新的研究领域。本文对构件技术做了简单的介绍后,对构件测试中遇到的困难和问题做了比较详细的描述,并介绍了目前过内外在构件测试方面的一些成果现状。     

AOP技术在面向用户的软件组件测试中的应用

面向方面编程AOP(Aspect-Oriented Programming)是一种支持横切关注点的分解技术,表达了更高的抽象层次,能够提供明确的截获横切结构的语言机制.讨论AOP技术在面向用户的软件组件测试技术中的应用,分析了如何使用AOP提高组件测试的可维护性和可复用性.     

对基于XML网络组件交互的变异测试

本文提出一种变异分析技术来测试基于XML的网络异构组件交互的语义正确性。文中网络软件交互用交互规格说明模型ISM描述，测试用例为组件间传递的XML消息。在ISM中用交互规格说明变异操作符类来生成交互变异体和测试用例。     

构件技术与软件Agent技术研究

构件技术的提出对软件重用和软件开发效率的提高具有非常重要的意义。而软件Agent技术的提出为复杂问题的求解找到了很好的办法。首先分析了组件技术和软件Agent技术的主要内容,然后提出将构件技术与软件Agent技术相融合可以有效地提高软件的重用性、灵活性及适应性等,最后分析了组件技术和软件agent技术在软件开发中的应用。     

计算机软件构件认知

构件技术已经成为软件技术的重要组成部分之一，其研究对软件技术的多个方面的发展起到了积极的推动作用。但是，构件技术本身的研究却面临着若干问题。分析构件技术研究的现状可以得到，尽管对构件技术中基本概念的认知正逐渐趋于一致，但认识的差异依然存在。     

基于组件动态多维模型的组件库架构

基于组件的软件开发是一种用来提高复用水平的最有前途的软件工程技术．而基于组件开发的最重要的问题之一就是如何能最有效的建立、维护和使用组件库．本文从不同的视角来反映组件的整体特征，每个视角称为一个“维”．又从静态和动态两个方面来阐述组件库的各个维，如描述维、部署维、案例维、测试维、需求维、创建和维护维、应用维、度量维等，提出了组件库的元模型．在此基础上又给出了基于组件动态多维模型的组件库的实现架构．     

软件构件组装基础研究进展

构件组装技术是基于构件软件开发的核心技术。构件组装方法可以分为“黑盒”、“白盒”和“灰盒”3类,“灰盒”方法是研究的重点,其研究主要集中在基于框架的方法、基于连接子的方法和基于胶合代码的方法方面。当前,软件构件组装技术正与其它软件技术的研究相结合,但离实际应用仍存在一定的距离。     

软件构件测试

研究软件构件测试技术,介绍自定义构件的开发。结合传统的软件测试技术,针对构件技术新特性在测试中引发的问题,从定义内置测试的测试点开始,提出了一种内置测试框架(Built-In Test Framework,BITF),最后给出了构件内置测试过程,并利用内置测试方法对设计的GIS构件进行了测试。     

构件组装实时系统行为相容性测试用例产生

虽然构件技术在软件开发过程中得到了越来越广泛的应用,但是实时系统是一类设计、实现和验证工作都相当复杂的系统,其构件化远比普通软件复杂,组装仍有许多困难。分析了常见的组装相容性错误,提出了一种实时系统的构件组装行为相容性测试用例产生方法。首先对时间自动机进行扩展,给出了描述实时构件的模型;然后定义了相容性覆盖标准,并把构件行为相容性测试用例生成转化为可被模型检验支持的可达性分析,同时给出了算法;最后用一个实例展示了该方法的具体使用。     

Multi-objective test prioritization via a genetic algorithm

It is a challenging job for the software industry to release a product with the right quality level at the right time. There are some components within a software system that are more critical to the system’s operation than others. Faults in components with high criticality are responsible directly or indirectly for causing high failure rate of the overall system compared to same faults in components with low criticality. Estimating the criticality of a component at the design level and focusing test effort per component based on the estimated criticality of the component helps to improve the reliability of a system within the available test resources. The objective is to identify the criticality level of a component at the design level and make a better test plan so that the high-critical components would be tested more completely and rigorously than other less-critical components. We first propose a method to estimate the criticality of a component within a system. The criticality estimation method is based upon design documents. We prioritize the components for testing according to their estimated criticality. Then, we present a genetic algorithm-based technique to select test cases out of a large pool of test cases. The intensity with which each component is tested is proportionate to its priority and the test suite is optimal under other constraints. We have conducted experiments to compare our scheme with a related scheme. The experimental results establish that higher reliability can indeed be achieved using our scheme.     

Effective test case selection for component customization and its application to Enterprise JavaBeans

Component users need to customize components they obtain from providers, because providers usually develop components for general use. Although the customization is accomplished by modifying the interface of a component, faults from customization appear when the implementation part of a component and the interfaces interact. The implementation part is a black‐box, whose source code is not available to a component user, while the interface is a white‐box, whose source code is available for customization. Therefore, customization faults should be tested using both the black‐box part and the white‐box part of a component. This paper proposes a new technique to test customization faults using software fault injection and mutation testing, and the technique is tailored to Enterprise JavaBeans. Test cases are selected by injecting faults not into the entire interface but into specific parts of the component's interface. The specific parts that are chosen control the effectiveness of the test cases. An empirical study to evaluate the technique is reported. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向信号ATS软件平台的信号组件研究与设计

面向信号测试技术是当前自动测试系统(Automatic Test System,简称ATS)软件平台的发展方向,而信号接口是实现面向信号ATS软件平台的关键;在分析面向信号ATS软件平台架构的基础上,从IviSig Class Specification规范、STD标准和COM(Com-ponent Object Model)组件技术三个方面研究并设计了信号组件;经过验证表明该信号组件能完成信号信息的传递与存储,实现了软件平台中的信号接口功能。     

Software quality prediction using fuzzy integration: a case study

Given the complexity of many contemporary software systems, it is often difficult to gauge the overall quality of their underlying software components. A potential technique to automatically evaluate such qualitative attributes is to use software metrics as quantitative predictors. In this case study, an aggregation technique based on fuzzy integration is presented that combines the predicted qualitative assessments from multiple classifiers. Multiple linear classifiers are presented with randomly selected subsets of automatically generated software metrics describing components from a sophisticated biomedical data analysis system. The external reference test is a software developer’s thorough assessment of complexity, maintainability, and usability, which is used to assign corresponding quality class labels to each system component. The aggregated qualitative predictions using fuzzy integration are shown to be superior to the predictions from the respective best single classifiers.     

Bytecode fault injection for Java software

Developers using third party software components need to test them to satisfy quality requirements. In the past, researchers have proposed fault injection testing approaches in which the component state is perturbed and the resulting effects on the rest of the system are observed. Non-availability of source code in third-party components makes it harder to perform source code level fault injection. Even if Java decompilers are used, they do not work well with obfuscated bytecode. We propose a technique that injects faults in Java software by manipulating the bytecode. Existing test suites are assessed according to their ability to detect the injected faults and improved accordingly. We present a case study using an open source Java component that demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach. We also evaluate the usability of our approach on obfuscated bytecode.     

基于可配置构件模型的视频GUI构件研究

通过分析嵌入式软件设计及构件技术的特点,提出了把构件技术应用到嵌入式软件开发的思想.不同的应用领域有不同的构件模型,针时视频GUI应用领域,提出可配置构件模型.采用适合人机界面设计的MVC软件架构,通过配置构件属性,使构件功能具有不同的表现形式,从而提高软件的可重用性及可配置性.详细地介绍了构件模型的形式化描述,构件的组成元素及实现过程.实验结果表明,该构件模型能够灵活配置构件,提高了软件开发效率.     

飞控系统余度管理软件故障追踪/重演方法

飞控系统余度管理软件是多余度飞控计算机的核心软件之一,负责整个飞控系统信号监控、表决与故障综合等功能,具有多数据源、算法逻辑复杂等特点.故障的快速定位和分析越来越成为余度管理软件研制开发过程中的关键技术.分析了软件追踪重演技术在故障重现和定位中的作用,研究了余度管理软件追踪重演方法,并在飞控系统软件领域实现了轻量级余度管理软件统一追踪重演框架.实验结果表明,该追踪重演框架具备了实用性和可操作性,可以有效提高飞控系统余度管理软件故障定位的效率.     

一种面向服务的系统设计与实现方法

部件技术代表新一代软件技术的发展方向,通过部件软件集成能快速、高效和可靠地建立系统。文章讨论了基于部件软件开发系统的优势和三层结构开发模型的特点。在此基础上,提出一种面向服务的系统设计与实现方法,实际运用证明它是一种有效的系统设计与实现方法。     

一种基于内置合约检查和可配置接口的软构件测试技术*

从构件使用者和开发者的角度分析构件及构件化软件的测试,利用B. Meyer的合约化软件设计思想作为构件测试的理论基础,并在其上面进行了扩展与改进,提出了一种基于内置合约检查和可配置接口的构件测试技术。该方法的优点是：当构件被部署到新的系统环境中时,能够自动测试其服务端是否遵守彼此之间合约,并验证自身在运行阶段履行其所声明的义务的能力;利用可配置接口,可以根据所部署环境和特定系统的需求,动态地选择测试强度;当构件集成出现问题时,能够从抛出的异常信息定位到出错的位置。     

Generating online test oracles from temporal logic specifications

This paper is concerned with the problem of checking, by means of testing, that a software component satisfies a specification of temporal safety properties. Checking that an actual observed behavior conforms to the specification is performed by a test oracle, which can be either a human tester or a software module. We present a technique for automatically generating test oracles from specifications of temporal safety properties in a metric temporal logic. The logic can express quantitative timing properties, and can also express properties of data values by means of a quantification construct. The generated oracle works online in the sense that checking is performed simultaneously with observation. The technique has been implemented and used in case studies at Volvo Technical Development Corporation .     

基于构件库/工作流的可视化软件开发

在研究构件技术的基础上,结合工作流技术提出了一种新的软件开发模式,即通过将可视化的构件库与可视化的工作流编辑系统全面融合实现零编程的软件搭建平台。构件库包含了多层次和多粒度的可视化软件构件集合。工作流以业务流程为核心来组装各种构件以实现可视化的软件开发。论文提出了软件构件运行与逻辑控制分离的思想,通过构件库不同层次构件为用户提供良好的软件扩展性和移植性,通过工作流引擎的流程控制取代程序流程的过程控制实现面向业务的快速软件搭建,并支持任意流程的实时测试。这种软件开发模式拓展了传统软件工程的过程开发方式,能较好兼容自上而下和自下而上的软件工程方法,并能适用于BS/CS开发模式。该模型已在新一代GIS平台——MapGIS搭建平台中得到成功应用。最后分析了该软件开发方法的优缺点。