车床主轴回转精度数字式单向测量法北大核心

车床主轴回转精度的测量是一项重要的测试课题。针对传统的测量方法需要使用基圆发生器,数据处理困难,测试结果难以在各车床间进行比较等问题,提出了利用数字式单向测量法对车床主轴回转误差进行动态测量。从分析回转误差的测试原理和误差性质出发,建立起回转误差的数学模型,利用信号分析的手段分离出基准球安装偏心误差,并通过计算机仿真对该数学模型及分离方法进行验证和分析。实验结果表明,采用本文的方法对C616主轴回转精度进行测量,其测量结果与DJ-HZ-1型机床回转精度测量分析仪的测量结果基本吻合。     

高速主轴回转误差动态测试与分析

应用双向法设计测试系统,对主轴的回转误差进行动态测试.该系统由高精度标准棒、非接触位移传感器和LMS TEST,LAB采集器组成.阐述了回转误差的测试原理,针对机床主轴测试中标准棒的安装偏心问题,提出了有效解决方法,并进行了实验研究.     

分离式主轴结构在静压主轴上的应用

HTC32μn系列精密数控车床,是沈阳机床集团自主研发的高精机床产品,是国家重大专项的项目。该机床采用了具有高刚性、高精度的静压主轴,同时在主轴传动方面颠覆了车床主轴内置式电动机传统的安装方式,采用分离式主轴结构,避免了液压油泄漏污染电动机的危险,降低了电动机工作时转子的离心力、温升等对主轴运动学特性及回转精度的影响,而且充分体现了静压主轴高刚性、高转速、低噪声、高精度和精度保持性好的特点。     

关于高精度车床主轴回转精度的测量

本文主要阐述了高精度车床主轴回转精度的几种测量方法。文中指出:对于超精加工机床、主轴回转精度的动态测试研究是直接提高另件加工精度的关键。介绍了国内外的动态测试的主要方法。文中还介绍了精密球加工机床主轴回转精度测量的方法。提出了采用试切另件后用电容测微仪对主轴径向与轴向进行近似测置的方法与理由。其测量结果和静态测量与加工另件精度基本相同。该方法适用于精加工及回转轴系具有良好的动平衡条件下的测量,测量装置简单易行,便于在生产现场使用.     

车床主轴旋转精度测量系统设计

车床主轴的旋转精度是衡量车床加工性能的一个重要因素。一是车床的主轴旋转精度会很大地影响车床的加工精度;二是随着数控车床的普及,要求对机床的回转精度进行实时测量、实时误差补偿。研究车床主轴旋转精度的测量方法,设计非接触式测量系统来实现机床主轴旋转精度的动态测量,并根据所采集信号初步估计车床主轴的运动情况,具有一定的理论依据及实际应用意义。     

关于高精度车床主轴回转精度的测量

本文主要阐述了高精度车床主轴回转精度的几种测量方法。文中指出:对于超精加工机床、主轴回转精度的动态测试研究是直接提高另件加工精度的关键。介绍了国内外的动态测试的主要方法。文中还介绍丁精密球加工机床主轴回转精度测量的方法。提出了采用试切另件后用电容测微仪对主轴径向与轴向进行近似测量的方法与理由。其测量结果和静态测量与加工另件精度基本相同。该方法适用于精加工及回转轴系具有良好的动平衡条件下的测量,测量装置简单易行,便于在生产现场使用.     

两非正交传感器测量主轴回转精度的误差分离技术研究

提出非正交安置两传感器在线测量主轴回转精度的误差分离技术理论,可同时获得主轴回转误差和工件圆度误差的测量结果。本方法虽然存在原理误差,但具体实施时却有传感器安装调整容易、测试系统简单、成本低廉和便于测量等诸多优点。较现行三传感器法更具有实用性。同时讨论了实际测量保证误差分离精度注意的几个问题。     

主轴回转运动精度的计算机视觉测量系统

基于计算机视觉测量技术,建立了机床主轴回转运动精度测量系统。系统主要由CCD 摄像机、计算机和相应的图像处理软件组成。利用图像传感器记录靶标特征点运动轨迹,经过图像处理软件的数据处理,可直接测得主轴的回转运动。由于靶标特征点的提取直接影响系统的测量精度,因此提出了以圆形标记作为靶标图案,采用面积矩方法提取圆心来提高系统测量精度。在MATLAB 环境下编程实现图像处理和数据计算,采用最小区域圆法计算主轴回转误差。最后采用该系统对车床主轴进行了测量,试验证明,系统可以实现主轴回转运动精度的精确、快速测量,且精度达到微米级。     

油阻尼支承对主轴回转精度的影响

主轴回转系统的振动位移是径向误差运动的重要组成部分。本文应用谱分析的方法,讨论了车床主轴油阻尼支承对其回转轴线径向误差运动的影响,以加油阻尼与不加油阻尼的对比结果,说明对于承受交变负载的主轴,油阻尼支承可以提高机床工作状态下的主轴回转精度。     

主轴回转误差与最佳装刀方位

对刀具回转类与工件回转类两种机床主轴回转误差测试数据采用不同模型处理并进行仿真,得出结论：车床类主轴在加工中不存在最佳和最差装刀或对刀方位,而镗床类则存在。镗床类主轴在最佳方位上装刀,可使加工误差最小,此方位只需测元件一次安装和测试即可求出。     

Rotation error measurement technology and experimentation research of high-precision hydrostatic spindle

The hydrostatic spindle is widely applied in the field of high-precision machine tools, which has some advantages such as high stiffness, high rotary precision, and the high damping shock absorption. The spindle rotation error is an important index to measure the machining accuracy of machine tools. Due to the installing eccentric error of the test bar, conventional method based on the standard test bar to measure the rotation error indirectly is applied to the precision machine tools and common machine tools whose rotation error is greater than 1 μm only. In order to eliminate the installing eccentric error of the standard test bar, it presents a self-reference approach that takes the online finish turning test bar, rather than that of the standard test bar, as the measuring datum. Using the capacitive micro-displacement sensor and the LMS data acquisition equipment as the test platform, it designs a set of spindle rotation error measurement system. Then it studies the frequency domain three-point method and has the rotation error and roundness error of high-precision hydrostatic spindle separated. Experimental study shows that the rotation error and the roundness error of the spindle are 0.9 and 0.3 μm, respectively, under the circumstance of conventional standard test bar as the measuring datum. However, if it takes the online finish turning test bar as the measuring datum, the rotation error and the roundness error of the spindle are only 0.3 and 0.1 μm, respectively. The self-reference method is able to eliminate the installing eccentric error of standard test bar directly, and the measurement system has realized the accurate measurements of the rotation error and roundness error of the high-precision hydrostatic spindle.     

基于改进遗传算法的机床主轴径向回转误差分离技术研究

以提高精密机床主轴回转误差的测量精度为研究目标,基于四点法矩阵算法,采用多圈重合式方法对主轴回转误差测量中的传感器输出数据进行处理.为提高传统遗传算法的收敛速度,降低优化结果对初始值的依赖性,对交叉和变异概率因子列式进行更新,并使用改进遗传算法对传感器安装角度和输出权值系数进行优化.使用改进遗传算法,收敛速率较传统遗传...     

车床主轴回转精度测量系统的研制

车床作为制造业的基础设备,零件加工精度受到诸多因素制约,其中主轴回转误差是主要的影响因素之一.该车床主轴回转精度计算机测量系统由光电编码器、电涡流传感器、微机、变送器、数据采集卡及辅助工具构成.在测量车床主轴回转精度的同时,可获得与主轴角位置对应的径向跳动、端面跳动和角度摆动误差,使用数理统计法误差分离技术编制LabV...     

一种圆柱度测量基准的误差分离方法

通过对主轴回转误差运动的分析，结合三点法圆度误差分离技术，提出了一种完全分离圆柱度测量基准误差的分离方法，即利用主轴回转轴线平均线、测量传感器及直行导轨之间的空间位置关系，建立相应的坐标系，在分离出被测截面圆度误差、最小二乘圆心初始坐标的基础上，完整地分离出影响圆柱度精密测量的径向回转运动误差和导轨的直行运动误差。该技术不仅可以消除测量基准误差对圆柱度测量精度的影响，还可以实现主轴回转误差、导轨直线度以及导轨对主轴平行度误差的精密测量，对高精度误差补偿加工和机床的精度检验也具有重要意义。     

显微视觉主轴回转误差测量

提出了一种基于显微视觉和图像处理技术的主轴回转误差测量方案。介绍了测量系统的原理,分析了特征点的提取方法,摄像机的标定方法以及特征图像的处理方法。     

机床加工误差补偿信号的实时测量系统

机床加工误差补偿是提高加工精度的重要途径.正确测量机床主轴误差运动是实现加工误差补偿的前提.然而,这一测试问题一直未得到很好解决.本文提出的用差动传感器直接相对主轴表面测量的系统比较简单,容易实现,且为实时测量.该方法已用于车削加工误差实时补偿系统之中,取得了较好的效果.     

A comprehensive technique for measuring the three-dimensional positioning accuracy of a rotating object

A method for measuring the accuracy of rotating objects was studied. Rotating axis errors are significant; such as the spindle error of a machine tool which results in increased surface roughness of machined work pieces. Three capacitance-type displacement sensors were used to measure the position of a rotating master ball. The sensors were mounted at the three orthogonal points on the spindle axis. The measurement data were analysed for rotating spindle accuracy, not only for the average roundness error but also for the spindle volumetric positional error during rotation. This method is simple and economical for industrial field use for regular inspection of spindles using portable equipment. The time taken for measurement and analysis using this method is only about two hours. This method can also measure microscopic amplitudes in 3-D directions of vibrating objects.     

A spiral scanning probe system for micro-aspheric surface profile measurement

This paper presents a novel spiral scanning probe measurement system which is developed to achieve precise profile measurements of micro-aspheric surfaces. The system consists of a scanning stage (a spindle and a linear slide) and a contact-type displacement sensor. The contact-type sensor is employed for the scanning of the micro-aspheric surface. The micro-aspheric object is set on the spindle, and the contact-type displacement sensor is set on the linear slide. The motions of the spindle and the linear slide are controlled synchronously so that the micro-aspheric object is scanned spirally for high-speed measurement. The motions of the stage are used as the scanning datum for the profile measurement. Because the error motions of the stage are estimated to be on the order of tens of nanometer, these errors are measured and compensated to achieve precise measurements. The alignment error between the spindle rotation axis and the probe tip of the contact-type displacement sensor, which is called the centering error, is confirmed to cause considerable measurement error of the micro-aspheric surface profile. Methods are proposed to make the alignment accurately. Experiments of surface profile measurement of a micro-aspheric lens are also carried out in the measurement system.     

金刚石刀具刀尖圆弧波纹度的测量及评价

为实现金刚石刀具刀尖圆弧波纹度超精密测量,构建了基于原子力显微镜(AFM)和精密回转轴系的刀尖圆弧轮廓测量系统,研究了刀尖圆弧波纹度评价方法和控制测量系统引入误差的策略。提出了评价刀尖圆弧波纹度时截止波长的确定原则和方法,并介绍了刀尖圆弧波纹度测量原理及评价流程。讨论了精密回转轴系径向回转误差的测量和评定、刀具安装偏心和偏角误差的控制和原子力扫描系统Z向非线性误差的校准方法。最后,在构建的测量系统上测量了了金刚石刀具刀尖圆弧波纹度并对测量不确定度进行了分析。实验测量显示:所评价金刚石刀具的刀尖圆弧波纹度为0.106μm,测量不确定度为23.8nm,表明所构建的测量系统基本满足金刚石刀具刀尖圆弧波纹度纳米级测量及评价的需求,测量结果稳定可靠、精度高。