人的Bcl－X_L和Bcl－X_ScDNA的克隆及表达研究

利用一对带有Ｔａｔ在序列的Ｂｃｌ－ｘ专一性引物从ＢＥＡＳ－２Ｂ细胞中扩增出比ｂｃｌ－ＸＬ和ｂｃｌ－ＸｓｃＤＮＡ，并将它们克隆入ｐＧＥＸ－５Ｘ－３载体进行表达。用ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达的融合蛋白占菌体蛋白总量的３０％，经谷胱甘肽－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ亲和层析，蛋白纯度达９０％。这些结果为进一步研究Ｂｃｌ－ｘ在编程性细胞死亡中的作用奠定了基础。     

植物抗体基因工程：II．马铃薯Y病毒中和抗体cDNA基因文库的构建及含抗体轻链和重链基因阳性克隆的筛选

从大量繁殖的Ｄ７３杂交瘤细胞中提取制备其基因组ｍＲＮＡ，并以此为模板，经反转录途径获得基因组ｃＤＮＡ，随后将其插入到λｇｔ１１中，构建了马铃薯Ｙ病毒小鼠单克隆抗体ｃＤＮＡ基因文库。经免疫原位杂交，从该基因文库中筛选出３０个含抗体轻链基因和１０个含抗体重链基因的阳性克隆，进一步将其插入到ｎＧＥＭ－７Ｚ（＋）质粒中，经酶切分析和电泳检测，证实在获得的轻链和重链阳性克隆中各有一个质粒（Ｋ６和Ｇ９）具有较长的外源ＤＮＡ插入（分别为１Ｋｂ和１．６Ｋｂ），它们可能编码完整的抗体轻链和重链蛋白。     

人骨形态发生蛋白－1（hBMP－1）成熟肽的基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

采用ＰＣＲ方法从ＢＭＰ－１的ｃＤＮＡ中克隆了ＢＭＰ－１成熟肽的编码基因，删除了ＢＭＰ－１前体分子Ｎ端的信号肽序列和Ｃ端的其他序列。用ＨｉｎｄⅢ消化１．３Ｋｂ的ＰＣＲ产物，将０．８４和０．４６Ｋｂ两片段分别克隆到ｐＵＣ载体中进ＤＮＡ序列分析。分别酶切回收ＥｃｏＲ－ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ－ＢａｍＨⅠ两目的基因片段，与大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＢＶ－２２０进行退火连接，使插入基因受控于Ｐ＿ＲＰ＿Ｌ启动子。将含有ＢＭＰ－１成熟肽编码基因重组表达质粒ｐＢＶＢＭＰ－１转化大肠杆菌宿主细胞进行温度诱导表达。结果表明，经４２℃热诱导后，大肠杆菌能以包涵体形式表达ＢＭＰ－１成熟肽，其分子量约为５２ｋＤａ。     

人的Bcl—XL和Bcl—Xs cDNA的克隆及表达研究

利用一对带有Ｔａｔ序列的Ｂｃｌ－专一性引物从ＢＥＡＳ－２Ｂ细胞中扩增出ｂｃｌ－ＸＬ和ｂｃｌ－Ｘｓ ｃＤＮＡ，并将它们克隆入ｐＧＥＸ－５Ｘ－３载体进行表达，用ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达的融合蛋白占菌体蛋白总量的３０％，经谷胱甘胱－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ亲和层析，蛋白纯度达９０％，这些结果为进一步研究Ｂｃｌ－ｘ在编程性细胞死亡中的作用奠定了基础。     

植物抗体基因工程：Ⅱ.马铃薯Y病毒中和抗体cDNA基因文库的构建及抗体…

从大量繁殖的Ｄ７３杂交瘤细胞中提取制备其基因组ｍＲＮＡ，并以此为模板，经反转录途径获得基因组ｃＤＮＡ，随后将其插入到λｇｔ１１中，构建了马铃薯Ｙ病毒小鼠单克隆抗体ｃＤＮＡ基因文库。经免疫原位杂交，从该基因文库中筛先出３０个含抗体轻链基因和１０个含抗体重链基因的阳性克隆，进一步将其插入到ｐＧＥＭ－７Ｚ（＋）质粒中，经酶切分析和电泳检测，证实在获得的轻链和重链阳性克隆中各有一个质粒具有较长的外源ＤＮＡ     

人骨形态发生蛋白—1（hBMP—1）成熟肽的基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中有表达

采用ＰＣＲ方法从ＢＭＰ－１的ｃＤＮＡ中克隆了ＢＭＰ－１成熟肽的编码基因，删除了ＢＭＰ－１前体分子Ｎ端的信号肽序列和Ｃ端的其他序列。用ＨｉｎｄⅢ消化１．３Ｋｂ的ＰＣＲ产物，将０．８４和０．４６Ｋｂ两片段分别克隆到ＰＵＣ载体中进ＤＮＡ序列分析。分别酶切回收ＥｃｏＲ－ＨｉｎｄⅢ－ＢａｍＨⅠ两目的基因片段，与大肠杆菌表达载体ＰＢＶ－２２０进行退火连接，使插入基因受控于ＰＲＰＬ启动子。将含有ＢＭＰ－１成熟肽     

mRNA差异显示阳性cDNA克隆的快速筛选与鉴定

建立了一种快速筛选差异显示阳性ｃＤＮＡ克隆的方法,该方法利用两轮ＲｅｖｅｒｓｅＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交,结合质粒酶切图谱分析,从３０个ＤＤＲＴ差异ｃＤＮＡ片段中筛选鉴定出两个阳性ｃＤＮＡ克隆,对其中一个克隆进行的Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ分析证实了筛选方法的可靠性。     

BMP－3和5在不同组织、细胞中的检测及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术，检测了ＢＭＰ－３及ＢＭＰ－５在不同组织中的表达，并将ＰＣＲ扩增出的ｂｍｐ－３和ｂｍｐ－５ｃＤＮＡ克隆入ｐＧＥＸ表达载体．在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达。     

恶性疟原虫FCC1／HN株P190抗原保守区基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

Ｐ１９０是恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面抗原，是很有希望的疟疾疫苗候选抗原。采用ＰＣＲ方法克隆了我国海南省ＦＣＣ１／ＨＮ株Ｐ１９０抗原基因的３个保守区片段，连接到ｐＵＣ１８载体上进行ＤＮＡ序列测定，然后分别与表达载体ｐＧＥＸ－２Ｔ连接，经双酶切鉴定后转化感受态ＪＭ１０９大肠杆菌进行高效融合表达。     

人血小板生成素（hTPO）的cDNA克隆与序列测定

由于人血小板生成素ｃＤＮＡ的阅读框架较长而且序列中无合适的酶切位点，因此，我们利用一个同义突变创造的ＫｐｎＩ酶切位点人为将ｈＴＰＯ ｃＤＮＡ分成Ｎ－端和Ｃ－端两个片段。首先利用反转录聚合酶链式反应从人胎肝ｍＲＮＡ中分别扩增出两个ｃＤＮＡ片段，于ＥｃｏＲＩ，ＫｐｎＩ位点分别克隆入测序载体ｐＵＣ１９中。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.