短纤维增强HA/PMMA生物复合材料

采用原位合成与溶液共混相结合的方法,制备了短切碳纤维(Cf)增强纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)生物复合材料.研究了Cf含量和长度对HA/PMMA力学性能的影响.采用万能材料试验机和扫描电子显微镜对Cf/HA/PMMA的力学性能及断面的微观形貌进行了测试和表征.结果表明,Cf在Cf/HA/PMMA中分布均匀,且有效提高CfHA/PMMA的力学性能;Cf的质量分数在4%左右时,Cf/HA/PMMA的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、压缩强度和弹性模量等均达到极大值;Cf/HA/PMMA的断裂伸长率随Cf含量的增加而减小.当Cf含量一定时,随Cf长度的增加,Cf/HA/PMMA的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弹性模量均增加,断裂伸长率降低.     

碳纤维对C_f-HA/PMMA复合材料力学性能的影响

采用原位合成和溶液共混相结合的方法,制备了短切碳纤维(Cf)增强纳米羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯[poly(methyl methacrylate),PMMA]生物复合材料(Cf-HA/PMMA).重点研究了短切碳纤维对Cf-HA/PMMA复合材料的微观结构和力学性能的影响.采用万能材料试验机测试了Cf-HA/PMMA复合材料的力学性能,使用扫描电子显微镜对材料微观形貌进行了测试和表征.结果表明:采用浓硝酸和二甲基亚砜处理后的碳纤维与PMMA基体的界面结合性得到有效改善,显著提高了Cf-HA/PMMA复合材料的力学性能;碳纤维和HA的质量分数分别为4%和8%,复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度和压缩强度均达到最佳值.     

碳纤维增强聚甲醛复合材料的制备及性能研究

以碳纤维为增强体,用双螺杆挤出机共混制备了碳纤维增强聚甲醛复合材料,研究了碳纤维含量对复合材料的力学性能、热性能、熔体流动性能的影响。结果表明,碳纤维的加入大幅提高了复合材料的力学性能,改善了热稳定性能,但熔体流动速率减小;当碳纤维质量分数为25%时,复合材料的弯曲弹性模量、弯曲强度、拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、断裂伸长率分别为19.8 GPa,187 MPa,153 MPa,16.2 kJ/m2,0.52%,综合力学性能最佳。     

碳纤维增强聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的性能和断裂形态

本文着重研究了碳纤维/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(CF/PMMA)复合材料的力学性能,并借助于扫描电镜(SEM)和热分析方法(TG)测定了CF/PMMA复合材料的拉伸断裂形态和热性能。结果表明,CF/PMMA复合材料的拉伸强度,冲击强度随CF含量的增加而提高,而线膨胀系数随CF含量的增加而下降。证实了CF对热塑性树脂复合材料有明显的热氧稳定作用,并对断裂形态与性能之间关系作了初步探讨。     

碳酸钙改性PBAT的力学性能及结晶行为

以可生物降解塑料聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)为基体、工业级CaCO₃为填料,采用熔融共混制备PBAT/CaCO₃复合材料。探究CaCO₃含量对复合材料力学性能和结晶行为的影响,并且,筛选出综合力学性能较好的PBAT/CaCO₃复合材料。力学性能测试结果表明,添加少量CaCO₃(5%、10%)后,PBAT/CaCO₃复合材料的拉伸强度有小幅降低,断裂伸长率和冲击强度增大;当CaCO₃含量达到20%及以上时,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度均显著降低,与纯PBAT相比,最大降幅分别为36.40%、60.00%、87.42%;弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸模量均随CaCO₃含量的增加而增大。DSC结果表明,添加CaCO₃后,PBAT/CaCO₃复合材料的熔融和结晶温度均显著提高,结晶度降低,透明性降低。     

PMMA/PLGA/HA三元复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用原位沉析与原位聚合的方法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/聚乙丙交酯(PLGA)/羟基磷灰石(HA)三元复合材料,并对其组成、结构进行了表征,对其热稳定性、力学性能及离子稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:在聚合物生成时,同步原位沉析出的HA晶体结构与纯HA特征峰一致;三元复合材料中HA与PMMA以—O—H形式形成键接,有利于提高无机有机相间的界面结合强度;与普通机械共混法相比,复合材料的热稳定性、拉伸强度及断裂伸长率均明显提高,当HA用量为15%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及冲击强度同时达到最大值;无机离子Ca~(2+)、PO_4~(3-)在模拟体液中的溶出率明显降低。     

注射成型短碳纤维增强聚乙烯复合材料力学性能的研究

研究了碳纤维含量对注射成型高密度聚乙烯/碳纤维复合材料拉伸强度、硬度和弹性模量的影响。结果表明,随着碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料的硬度、弹性模量和拉伸强度逐渐增大;当碳纤维含量小于3.3 %时,复合材料的硬度、弹性模量和拉伸强度成线性增加趋势;当碳纤维含量大于3.3 %时,复合材料的硬度、弹性模量和拉伸强度的上升趋势增大。     

有机MMT对高密度聚乙烯改性的研究

采用十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵4种阳离子表面活性剂对钠基蒙脱土(MMT)进行有机化处理,制备了有机MMT(OMMT)。将OMMT与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)进行熔融插层制备了HDPE／OMMT纳米复合材料,研究了OMMT的层间距同季铵盐烷基链的关系。结果表明,OMMT的层间距随烷基链长度的增加而增大;随着OMMT含量的增加,HDPE／OMMT纳米复合材料的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度降低,弯曲弹性模量增加,弯曲强度出现极大值,使该纳米复合材料的力学性能得到了一定的改善。     

粉煤灰对聚乙烯性能的影响

探讨了粉煤灰的不同含量、粉煤灰的表面处理剂对粉煤灰/聚乙烯复合材料力学性能和流动性、耐热性的影响。实验结果表明:随粉煤灰用量的增加,复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及熔体指数下降,弯曲强度、邵氏硬度增大;粉煤灰经表面处理以后,复合材料的力学性能、流动性和耐热性均有一定的改善和提高。     

木粉含量对连续固态挤出自增强PP性能的影响

采用单螺杆挤出机连续固态挤出制备自增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料试样,对不同木粉含量的试样性能进行表征和综合分析。结果表明,PP复合材料试样密度随着木粉含量的增加呈线性上升趋势;拉伸强度和弯曲强度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而在木粉含量为50%时达到最大;拉伸弹性模量和弯曲弹性模量随着木粉含量的增加一直增大,但断裂伸长率下降;木粉含量的增加能够提高试样的耐热性,但结晶度有所下降;木粉含量过多会造成复合材料界面结合减弱,影响最终复合材料的性能。     

玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

研究了玻纤(GF)、SEBS和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)用量对GF增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响,以及PP/GF(65/35)、PP-g-MAH/PP/GF(15/65/35)的微观形态。结果表明:随着GF用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量增加,断裂伸长率降低,冲击强度先减小后增大,PP/GF复合材料断面呈脆性断裂;在PP/GF中添加增韧剂SEBS可以提高复合材料的冲击强度,但拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均减小;在PP/GF中添加增容剂PP-g-MAH,可使其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度均得到提高,当PP-g-MAH/PP/GF为15/65/35时,复合材料性能优异,材料断面呈韧性断裂。     

Pultruded fiber reinforced thermoplastic poly(methyl methacrylate) composites. Part II: Mechanical and thermal properties

A novel process has been developed to manufacture poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) pultruded parts. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties, environmental effects, postformability of pultruded composites and properties of various fiber (glass, carbon and Kevlar 49 aramid fiber) reinforced PMMA composites have been studied. Results show that the mechanical and thermal properties (i.e. tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus, impact strength and HDT) increase with fiber content. Kevlar fiber/PMMA composites possess the highest impact strength and HDT, while carbon fiber/PMMA composites show the highest tensile strength, tensile and flexural modulus, and glass fiber/PMMA composites show the highest flexural strength. Experimental tensile strengths of all composites except carbon fiber/PMMA composites follow the rule of mixtures. The deviation of carbon fiber/PMMA composite is due to the fiber breakage during processing. Pultruded glass fiber reinforced PMMA composites exhibit good weather resistance. They can be postformed by thermoforming, and mechanical properties can be improved by postforming. The dynamic shear storage modulus (G′) of pultruded glass fiber reinforced PMMA composites increased with decreasing pulling rate, and G′ was higher than that of pultruded Nylon 6 and polyester composites.     

Pultruded fiber-reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate) composites. II. Static and dynamic mechanical properties,environmental effect,and postformability

This paper presents a novel process developed to manufacture poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) pultruded composite. The mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties, environmental effect, postformability of various fiber (glass, carbon, and Kevlar 49 aramid fiber) reinforced pultruded PMMA composites have been studied. Results show mechanical properties (i.e., tensile strength, specific tensile strength, tensile modulus, and specific flexural strength) and thermal properties (HDT) increase with fiber content. Kevlar fiber/PMMA composites possess the highest specific tensile strength and HDT, carbon fiber/PMMA composites show the highest tensile strength and tensile modulus, and glass fiber/PMMA composites show the highest specific flexural strength. Pultruded glass-fiber-reinforced PMMA composites exhibit good weather resistance. These composite materials can be postformed by thermoforming under pressure, and mechanical properties of postformed products can be improved. The dynamic shear storage and loss modulus (G′, G″) of pultruded glass-fiber-reinforced PMMA composites increased with decreasing pulling rate, and their shear storage moduli are higher than those of pultruded Nylon 6 and polyester composites.     

Investigation on the use of coir fiber as alternative reinforcement in polypropylene

Polypropylene/coir fiber composites were prepared according to an experimental statistical design, in which the independent variables, coir fiber, and compatibilizer content, were varied. The compatibilizer used was maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA). Compatibilizer free composites were also prepared. Composites were processed in a corotating twin‐screw extruder and submitted to mechanical and morphological analyses. The effects of the independent variables on the mechanical properties were assessed through tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural modulus, and impact strength. The morphological properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated the need for using compatibilizers in the composites due to the incompatibility of PP and coir fiber. The variable with the strongest effect on the properties was coir content, whose increase caused increase in tensile strength, impact strength and elastic modulus, and decrease in elongation at break. The presence of PP‐g‐MA was fundamental to achieving the aforementioned results. The effect of increasing compatibilizer content was only observed for the elastic modulus. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced polyester composites

Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) which is rich in cellulose, relatively inexpensive, and abundantly available has the potential for polymer reinforcement. The present study investigated the tensile, flexural, and impact behavior of PALF-reinforced polyester composites as a function of fiber loading, fiber length, and fiber surface modification. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of the composites were found to increase with fiber content in accordance with the rule of mixtures. The elongation at break of the composites exhibits an increase by the introduction of fiber. The mechanical properties are optimum at a fiber length of 30 mm. The flexural stiffness and flexural strength of the composites with a 30% fiber weight fraction are 2.76 GPa and 80.2 MPa, respectively. The specific flexural stiffness of the composite is about 2.3 times greater than that of neat polyester resin. The work of fracture (impact strength) of the composite with 30% fiber content was found to be 24 kJ m⁻². Significant improvement in the tensile strength was observed for composites with silane A172-treated fibers. Scanning electron microscopic studies were carried out to understand the fiber-matrix adhesion, fiber breakage, and failure topography. The PALF polyester composites possess superior mechanical properties compared to other cellulose-based natural fiber composites. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1739–1748, 1997     

抗静电木粉/聚丙烯复合材料的研究

为了提高木粉/聚丙烯复合材料的抗静电性能,通过高速混合、挤出造粒以及热压成型的方式制备了4种抗静电木粉/聚丙烯复合材料,并比较了它们的体积电阻率和拉伸强度,结果表明:在4种抗静电复合材料中加入炭黑的复合材料体积电阻率最小,拉伸强度最大。探讨了炭黑用量对木粉/聚丙烯复合材料抗静电性能和力学性能的影响,结果表明:当炭黑用量增加时,复合材料的体积电阻率明显降低,拉伸强度和弯曲强度出现最大值,弹性模量和断裂伸长率呈下降趋势。     

Short glass fiber reinforced ABS and ABS/PA6 composites: Processing and characterization

In this study acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) terpolymer was reinforced with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS)‐treated short glass fibers (SGFs). The effects of SGF concentration and extrusion process conditions, such as the screw speed and barrel temperature profile, on the mechanical properties of the composites were examined. Increasing the SGF concentration in the ABS matrix from 10 wt% to 30 wt% resulted in improved tensile strength, tensile modulus and flexural modulus, but drastically lowered the strain‐at‐break and the impact strength. The average fiber length decreased when the concentration of glass fibers increased. The increase in screw speed decreased the average fiber length, and therefore the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength were affected negatively and the strain‐at‐break was affected positively. The increase in extrusion temperature decreased the fiber length degradation, and therefore the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength increased. At higher temperatures the ABS matrix degraded and the mechanical strength of the composites decreased. To obtain a strong interaction at the interface, polyamide‐6 (PA6) at varying concentrations was introduced into the ABS/30 wt% SGF composite. The incorporation and increasing amount of PA6 in the composites broadened the fiber length distribution (FLD) owing to the low melt viscosity of PA6. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength values increased with an increase in the PA6 content of the ABS/PA6/SGF systems due to the improved adhesion at the interface, which was confirmed by the ratio of tensile strength to flexural strength as an adhesion parameter. These results were also supported by scanning electron micrographs of the ABS/PA6/SGF composites, which exhibited an improved adhesion between the SGFs and the ABS/PA6 matrix. POLYM. COMPOS. 26:745–755, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers     

POSS/PMMA杂化材料的制备及性能研究

采用八乙烯基倍半硅氧烷（OV-POSS）通过原位聚合法制备了POSS/PMMA杂化材料。通过FTIR、SEM,EDS以及力学性能和透光性雾度的测定等方法对杂化材料的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,POSS的加入对PMMA可见光的透过性无影响。POSS含量较低时,POSS的引入能明显改善材料力学性能,但当POSS含量较高时,力学性能下降。当POSS的含量为0.6%时,与纯的PMMA相比,断裂伸长率略有降低,降低了5.8%,然而,其他力学性能均有提高,其中,拉伸模量和强度分别提高了22.7%和32.0%,弯曲强度和模量分别提高了9.8%和27.0%。     

GF增强PP复合材料的尺寸稳定性与力学性能

研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)含量及玻璃纤维(GF)含量对GF增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料尺寸稳定性与力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入PP-g-MAH后,复合材料的线性膨胀系数和收缩率下降,结晶度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度提高,但断裂伸长率下降。相比不添加PP-g-MAH的复合材料,当PP-g-MAH质量分数达到6%时,复合材料在流道方向上的线性膨胀系数从29.88μm/(m·℃)降低至24.93μm/(m·℃),在流道方向上的收缩率从0.20%下降至0.18%,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度基本达到最大值,分别提高130.18%,96.52%和49.20%;随着GF质量分数的增加,复合材料的线性膨胀系数和收缩率均显著下降,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度提高,而断裂伸长率和结晶度下降。相比不添加GF的复合材料,当GF质量分数为40%时,复合材料在流道方向上的线性膨胀系数从101.30μm/(m·℃)降低至18.08μm/(m·℃),在流道方向上的收缩率从1.43%下降至0.08%,结晶度从45.05%下降至23.96%,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度分别提高168.87%,306.40%和129.52%。     

Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Mica and Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6 Composites

In this study, the influence of short glass fiber and lamellar particle mica fillers on the mechanical properties of polyamide 6 was investigated. Reinforcement materials of 10 to 30% by weight were added to polyamide 6 polymers. Tests were carried out and the results showed that the strength and flexural modulus of the polyamide 6 composite increased with the increase in added short glass fiber and mica. However, tensile and flexural strength showed insensitivity to the increase in mica reinforcement content. Moreover, the impact strength and elongation at break values decreased with the increase in mica reinforcement ratio.