基于FMT的快速Copy-Move篡改检测

为了对图像篡改中常用的复制-移动伪造进行检测,基于傅里叶-梅林变换的平移、旋转和缩放的不变性提出一种快速图像区域分割和匹配的高效篡改检测算法.不同于以往模板匹配方式中按照单像素点移动得到重叠块划分方法,该算法采用相邻图像块的图像区域分割方式来减少整个图像块的数量.通过相似性匹配检测,得到初步的复制图像区域,然后利用边缘处理的方法处理改善篡改区域,从而达到改进篡改检测算法的效率和准确性.最后通过实验验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于分形和统计的复制-粘贴篡改图像的检测

现在大多数图像“复制-粘贴”篡改检测算法对于区域复制后的进一步混合处理不能进行有效检测。为此提出了一种新的基于分形和统计的检测方法。首先将图像分块并提取每块的特征向量,该特征向量由分形维数和三个统计量组成;接着对所有特征向量进行字典排序;最后,利用图像块的位置信息和欧氏距离定位篡改区域。此方法不仅能够检测传统的复制-粘贴型篡改,而且还能够检测经过旋转、翻转以及旋转和翻转混合的多区域复制-粘贴型篡改;此方法也能够抵抗高斯模糊、对比度调整和亮度调整等攻击。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

傅里叶-梅林变换的图像复制篡改检测

篡改检测已经成为数字图像取证的重要方法。虽然大多数情况下数字图像篡改都难以感知,例如区域复制篡改,它将图像中的对象区域复制到不交叠的其它区域,但仍然会留下少许篡改痕迹。提出了一种新的针对图像区域复制篡改的检测模式。其中,利用傅里叶－梅林变换提取图像块的几何不变量特征,相似性匹配则采用余弦相关系数。通过MATLAB仿真实验,验证了该算法不但可以适应平移、旋转及缩放等几何变换,而且能够有效抵抗噪音污染、模糊滤波以及有损JPEG压缩等攻击。     

基于特征点的抗几何变换图像被动认证算法

针对同幅图像的区域复制篡改问题,提出一种基于SIFT特征点的抗几何变换数字图像被动认证算法。在利用SIFT算法提取出图像中的SIFT特征点后,对特征点进行匹配。根据同一幅自然图像不会存在互相匹配特征点的这一特性,可以检测出篡改图像中平移、旋转、缩放等几何变换的区域。实验结果证明,该算法能够对抗区域复制篡改的几何变换。     

运用DWT和ORB的图像篡改检测方法

针对数字图像常见的区域复制篡改方式和实时特征提取要求,结合离散小波变换（DWT）和ORB特征提取算法,提出了一种高效的数字图像区域复制篡改检测方法。该方法首先使用DWT将图像分解为LL、LH、HL、HH四部分;然后将ORB算法作用于LL部分,提取关键点,构建二进制描述向量rBRIEF;最后使用汉明距离匹配相似关键点,达到检测图像篡改的目的。通过实验结果证明,该方法不仅可以有效地检测出区域复制篡改图像,同时对平移、旋转、噪音和综合攻击后的篡改图像具备一定的鲁棒性,且与SIFT等算法相比具有更短的检测时间和更少的存储空间。     

基于相位相关的图像区域复制篡改检测与定位

针对区域复制篡改检测算法检测效率低问题,提出一种基于相位相关的检测与定位算法。算法首先对图像进行滑窗式分块,滑动步长为多个像素,通过对图像块灰度均值排序筛选出可能匹配的图像块; 然后,利用相位相关的互功率谱脉冲函数峰值确定两个图像块是否匹配以及二者的相对位移; 最后,通过统计匹配块对偏移距离方法消除误匹配,并对篡改区域进行标记。实验结果表明,该算法不仅检测效率高,而且对有损压缩、平滑滤波、噪声等常见的后处理操作具有鲁棒性。     

基于半色调技术的印前图像篡改检测方法

本文印前图像特指图像数字排版经编辑确认后的数字印刷样张,其以栅格处理器分色后的加网二进制形式存储.数字样张一经确认,其来源的合法性便不受怀疑.但是,从印刷的整体流程来看,数字样张的存储、传输过程中仍有较大的篡改风险.现有的复制移动篡改检测算法存在特征维度高、计算开销大或检测率较低等问题,而且不适用于分色后的二进制样张.本文提出了一种基于半色调图像网点密度特征的Copy-Move篡改检测方法,该方法针对分色处理后的CMYK目标图像的二值量化处理,采用滑动分块的方法对目标图像进行分块,通过提取图像块CMYK四个通道的局部网点密度特征对图像块进行篡改检测.实验结果表明,该方法在图像篡改检测上较以往方法相比具有较低的时间复杂度和较高的检测率,并且对图像篡改区域的旋转攻击、小尺度缩放攻击等具有较好的鲁棒性.     

特征匹配结合自适应阈值的图像伪造检测

针对现有图像复制移动伪造检测方法对图像中存在同质纹理或均匀区域检测困难、相关参数阈值选择影响检测等问题,提出一种基于特征匹配与自适应阈值的图像复制移动伪造检测方法。首先通过定义和优化成本函数来制定交互作用机制,包括匹配和变换估计步骤;然后在迭代过程中执行步骤,使相关阈值的选择和估计更合理,自动识别和定位伪造区域;最后采用检测系统的相互作用关系,检测并修正步骤中发生的错误。实验结果表明:相比传统的复制移动伪造检测方法,在对伪造图像的像素图像精度水平、旋转和缩放的鲁棒性、检测专业伪造图像以及变换矩阵的精度等不同情况,所提方法效率更高。     

基于重采样检测的JPEG图像拼接篡改取证

数字图像在进行拼接篡改时,为了不留下视觉上的明显篡改痕迹,往往会对篡改的区域进行缩放、旋转等重采样操作。针对这一现象,本文提出一种新的基于重采样检测的JPEG图像拼接篡改取证算法,该算法通过对JPEG图像局部区域二阶导数进行Radon变换,并求其自协方差后进行快速傅里叶变换,在频域中消除JPEG压缩的影响,最后判断该局部区域是否经过重采样操作,以作为判断被检测的JPEG图像是否经过拼接篡改的证据。实验结果表明,本文算法对于经过包括缩放和旋转等重采样操作后拼接成的JPEG图像有较好的篡改取证效果。     

基于Krawtchouk不变矩的复制-粘贴篡改盲检测算法

针对数字图像检测中一类常见的复制-粘贴图像篡改,提出一种基于小波变换和径向Krawtchouk不变矩的盲检测算法。算法利用小波变换提取图像的低频分量,对低频分量分块提取径向Krawtchouk不变矩特征,这种特征描述方式对图像旋转后处理具有鲁棒性,然后将特征向量进行按字典排序,并结合数学形态学进行图像复制篡改区域的检测和定位。实验表明该算法能有效地定位出复制和粘贴的图像篡改区域,并对粘贴区域旋转操作具有很强的鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.