多模卫星组合导航容错滤波算法

多模卫星组合导航技术目前是导航领域重要的发展方向.针对多模卫星系统可能存在故障卫星而导致系统定位失效的问题,提出了一种基于联邦滤波的多模卫星容错组合导航算法,并提出了一种改进的残差故障检测方法,完成了一种北斗/GPS/GLONASS容错组合导航算法的设计.通过仿真验证了该算法对于故障卫星检测和隔离的有效性.     

基于弹载IMU/GPS组合导航系统的动基座对准研究与仿真

对基于弹载IMU／GPS组合导航系统的动基座对准问题进行了研究与仿真；首先，分析了弹载IMU与GPS的系统误差，建市获得了其系统误差模型；然后，利用卡尔曼滤波技术，设计了弹载IMU／GPS组合导航系统的动基座对准算法；仿真结果表明，在初始误差较大的情况下，经过360秒的动基座对准，IMU的姿态角误差可降至10个角秒，同时位置和速度误差也得到了有效修正，从而证明该动基座对准算法是行之有效的。     

基于卡尔曼滤波器组的多重故障诊断方法研究

针对缺乏有效的用于处理多重(两重及以上)加性故障隔离问题的诊断方法的现状,本文提出了一种新的基于卡尔曼滤波器组的控制系统多重故障的检测与隔离算法.通过构造多个结构不同的卡尔曼滤波器并设计相应的残差,使得每个残差仅对执行机构或传感器某个故障敏感而对其余故障不敏感,最终实现多重故障检测与隔离.除此之外,通过理论推导以及仿真分析,证明了所提出的故障检测与隔离算法的优越性.     

基于GPS/DR的GPS滞后时间自适应检测算法

针对GPS输出信息的随机延迟特性,基于航位推算(DR)系统惯性器件的实时性与短时高精度,提出了航向差和速度自适应GPS滞后时间检测方法,在此基础上,对GPS和DR数据进行数据对准,提出了自适应GPS滞后时间处理算法。在GPS/DR实际系统中的应用结果表明,本算法能够准确检测出GPS的滞后时间,提高车辆的定位精度。     

基于联邦滤波的卫星容错组合导航算法

多模卫星组合导航能够充分发挥多种卫星体系的优势,有效提高导航可靠性和精度,已成为导航领域重要的发展方向;为解决多模卫星系统可能存在故障卫星而导致系统定位失效的问题,文中提出一种基于联邦滤波的多模卫星容错组合导航算法,并引入了改进的残差故障检测方法,完成了一种北斗/GPS/GLONASS容错组合导航算法的设计;实验结果验证了该算法对于故障卫星检测和隔离的有效性;该算法对于多模卫星组合导航的应用具有较好的实用价值。     

卡尔曼滤波器在传感器软故障诊断中的应用

传感器发生软故障的特征是变化缓慢、不易检测。为克服传感器检测这一缺点设计了一种软故障诊断算法。该算法是在多重故障假设基础上,使用卡尔曼滤波器产生残差,采用加权二乘方（Weighted Sum of Squared Residuals,WSSR）方法对滤波残差进行处理,从而方便快速地检测出传感器的软故障,并实现隔离和重构。仿真实验表明,算法能很好地实现传感器软故障的检测、隔离和重构,不会发生误报和漏报现象。     

适用于密集人群的异常事件实时检测方法

在密集人群场景下,针对现有异常检测算法在实时性和适用性方面的不足,提出了一种基于光流特征和卡尔曼滤波的实时检测方法。该方法首先提取图像的全局光流强度作为运动特征;然后对全局光流值进行卡尔曼滤波,并对残差进行分析;假设残差在正常状态下服从高斯分布,利用假设检验加以验证;运用最大似然(ML)估计得到残差的概率分布;在一定置信度下,确定正常状态的可信区间和异常状态的判定公式,并以此判断异常事件是否发生。实验结果表明,该方法对尺寸为320×240的视频,平均检测时间低至0.023 s/frame,且准确率可达95%以上。因而,该方法在保证较高检测率的同时,还具有良好的实时性。     

基于残差决策的自动飞行控制系统远程实时故障诊断

针对自动飞行控制系统结构复杂、关联部件众多,发生故障时诊断时间长,从而影响飞机运行效率的问题,提出一种基于飞机通信寻址报告系统(ACARS)的远程实时故障诊断方案。首先,分析自动飞行控制系统的故障特点,设计搭建检测滤波器;然后,利用ACARS数据链实时发送的自动飞行控制系统的关键信息进行相关部件的残差计算,并根据残差决策算法进行故障诊断及定位;最后,针对不同故障部件残差间的差异大、决策门限无法统一的缺点,提出基于二次差值的残差决策改进算法,减缓了检测对象的整体变化趋势,降低了随机噪声和干扰的影响,避免了将瞬态故障诊断为系统故障的情况。实验仿真结果表明,基于二次差值的改进残差决策算法避免了多决策门限的复杂性,在采样时间为0.1 s的情况下,故障检测所需时间大约为2 s,故障检测时间大幅降低,有效故障检测率大于90%。     

鲁棒无迹四元数卡尔曼滤波初始对准算法

针对GPS辅助的低精度捷联惯导系统行进间初始对准时GPS易受野值的影响和陀螺零偏的累积误差导致航向角误差曲线波动的问题,提出了一种鲁棒四元数无迹卡尔曼滤波初始对准算法。首先,建立了无迹卡尔曼滤波的预测模型和量测模型,分析了GPS野值对于观测矢量的影响;然后,推导了模值匹配权值函数,结合无迹四元数卡尔曼滤波设计了鲁棒四元数无迹估计器;最后,设计了仿真与跑车实验,实验结果表明,本文所提出的算法不仅能去除GPS中的野值,还能有效抑制陀螺零偏带来的影响。     

动态复杂背景下的智能视频监控系统设计与实现

采用二重对称帧间差分目标检测算法和基于压缩感知的目标跟踪算法,设计并实现了一种可适应动态复杂背景下的智能视频监控系统;基于目标检测该系统能提取本地视频文件中局部运动目标并进行视频压缩,减少回放、查看视频时间,可实时播放并处理本地或网络摄像头数据,也可根据光照变化动态调整二值化阀值,实现实时区域入侵检测与报警;基于目标跟踪本系统能在动态背景下对选定目标进行跟踪,可通过客户端手动控制监控云台跟踪,也可对入侵目标实现云台自主大角度追踪;实验表明,此系统能在日常复杂环境下对运动目标准确检测和大角度跟踪,在智能家居和移动安防领域有很好的实用性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.