北斗软件接收机B1频点信号捕获算法研究

北斗MEO/IGSO卫星信号调制速率为1 Kb/s的NH码,在使用传统的并行码相位捕获算法时,并不一定能成功捕获到信号,这里使用一种改进的并行码相位捕获算法,并用基于曲线拟合的精捕获方法减小频率估计误差。仿真结果表明,改进的并行码相位捕获算法成功地捕获到了北斗MEO/IGSO卫星信号,并通过基于曲线拟合的精捕获算法减小了频率估计误差。     

弱信号下“北斗”接收机NH码的快速捕获

在全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)中,延长相关累积时间可以有效提高弱信号捕获灵敏度,但是"北斗"中圆地球轨道/倾斜地球同步轨道(MEO/IGSO)卫星信号的捕获性能很大程度上受到二次编码(NH)码的影响:调制NH码的信号在每一个码元周期(1 ms)内都有可能发生跳变,对相关累积时间造成一定影响,从而会导致系统捕获灵敏度的下降.为此,提出了一种针对NH码的码元遍历搜索算法,通过遍历累积时间内NH码的所有组合,消除NH码码元引起的误差.实验结果显示,所提算法可以在一定程度上提高卫星信号的捕获成功率,尤其可以至少提高2 dB弱信号的捕获灵敏度.同时,算法可以为信号跟踪提供更加准确的载波频率.     

基于北斗系统的伪码捕获技术的研究

北斗卫星导航定位系统是我国自主研发的有源三维卫星定位与通信系统.北斗卫星信号的捕获是北斗用户接收机的关键技术之一,捕获性能的优劣直接影响着北斗导航系统的精度和实时性要求.本文基于北斗系统,在FFT并行捕获算法的基础上研究分析了一种相位补偿和同步块累加的伪码捕获算法,并对该算法的性能进行了分析.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方案能够大大提高信噪比,提高信号的捕获效率.     

一种新的差分相关直接P码捕获的算法

在卫星接收机的信号捕获过程中,相对于非相关的捕获方法,基于差分相关捕获算法在提高信噪比方面更有优势.由于P码产生速率高,利用传统的差分相关积分算法将很难捕获信号,所以提出一种新的基于位同步的差分相关积分算法,该算法的平方衰减现象与非相干次数密切相关,积分增益受限于GPS调制的导航电文,通过捕获P码的周期特征来实现位同步...     

微弱北斗信号捕获算法优化

恶劣环境中北斗卫星信号强度往往低于-133dBW,单周期捕获算法积分时间较短无法完成捕获,传统多周期捕获算法受二次编码和数据位翻转的影响易造成相关损失,限制积分时间的增长。半比特捕获方法虽能避免导航信息带来的位翻转,但是不能克服二次编码引入的位翻转;补零方法能够克服所有位翻转,但是不能实现长时间积分;树形算法通过尝试一定长度码片的所有可能符号组合,虽然能够有效延长积分时间,但随着码片数量的增加计算量呈指数上涨。针对北斗卫星信号中相干积分的时间受二次编码符号组合的限制问题,提出一种新的串并结合的算法,首先在一个周期的主码上进行串行搜索得到主码相位,而后在整周期二次编码上并行搜索确定二次编码的相位和多普勒频偏,达到延长相干积分时间实现微弱北斗信号捕获的目的,仿真证明在设定捕获阈值4dB时算法仍能够捕获-150dBm的信号。     

北斗二号B1信号捕获方法研究

为了缩短北斗B1信号的捕获时间,提高多普勒频率和码相位的估计精度,针对北斗NH码对差分相干累积值的影响,改进了广义差分相干累积捕获方法。并采用二次频率-码相位捕获法来提高载波多普勒频率和码相位的估计精度。理论分析与仿真实验表明,改进的广义差分相干累积法能够克服NH码的影响。用4个1ms的相干累积值,改进的广义差分法可成功捕获信噪比为-27dB的信号。最后,用实测的北斗数据验证了算法的正确性。     

直扩接收机的伪码二维捕获改进算法

传统的伪码捕获算法已经无法满足伪码的快速捕获的要求,为了降低伪码的捕获时间,在伪码二维捕获的基础上提出一种伪码二维捕获改进算法,该算法包括两级捕获,第一级捕获增大伪码时延和多普勒频差步进量,大范围搜索时延和频差;第二级捕获缩小伪码时延和多普勒频差步进量,小范围搜索时延和频差。理论分析和仿真结果表明,提出的伪码二维捕获改进算法相比伪码二维捕获算法,捕获时间缩短为原来的一半,捕获到的伪码时延和多普勒频率的性能有所改善。     

一种有效的辅助北斗接收机的捕获策略

随着在微弱卫星信号环境下应用需求的增长以及对首次定位时间和定位精度的要求,一种高性能的卫星定位技术——辅助型全球卫星导航系统(A-GNSS)定位技术成为导航领域的研究热点。文中针对中国自主研发的北斗导航系统,结合A-GNSS的3GPP标准,提出一种辅助型北斗(A-BD)接收机的捕获策略。针对北斗的非地球同步轨道卫星(NGEO卫星),给出两种可行的捕获算法:辅助北斗NGEO卫星线性捕获算法和辅助北斗NGEO卫星并行码相位捕获算法。仿真表明在捕获相同灵敏度卫星信号的前提下,辅助北斗NGEO卫星线性捕获算法所需要的数据长度相对较长但算法复杂度相应降低。     

基于LabVIEW的GPS信号捕获算法实现

简要介绍了GPS捕获原理以及并行码相位搜索捕获算法,并在此基础上编写了基于LabVIEW的GPS信号捕获程序.在考虑到算法实现所需时间和涉及计算量的前提下,采用了计算量较少,捕获时间较短的并行码相位搜索算法.基于LabVIEW的并行码相位捕获搜索算法实现的捕获程序不仅实现了粗捕获,而且加入了精捕获的程序,使得对载波频率的估计更加的准确.可扩展应用于北斗、伽利略等其它导航卫星的信号捕获.     

直射通道辅助的北斗弱反射信号捕获算法

针对利用北斗卫星信号进行海面非协同探测系统中微弱反射信号的捕获问题,提出了一种利用直射通道辅助反射通道进行信号捕获的算法。在短时匹配滤波器-快速傅里叶变换（STMF-FFT,Short-Term Matched filtering-Fast Fourier Transform）和差分相干积累（SDCI,Simplified Differentially Coherent Integration）的信号捕获算法的基础上加入直射通道辅助信息,缩短搜星时间和频移-码相位二维搜索范围,提高了反射信号捕获灵敏度,缩短了信号捕获时间。仿真结果表明,基于直射通道辅助的北斗弱反射信号捕获算法能够捕获-151.3dBm的弱反射信号,相较无辅助算法,捕获灵敏度提高3.1dB,平均捕获时间缩短39.5s。      

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.