维生素从药品到保健食品的合理应用

维生素是人体必需的营养物质,是维持生命的要素。它不仅是临床中常用的一大类药物,而且还是人类食物中不可缺少的物质。鉴于维生素作为药品和保健食品的不同目的,对其合理应用进行了分析与总结。维生素作为药品可治疗人体因缺乏而导致的脚气病、坏血病、夜盲症、佝偻病、贫血等多种疾病。而作为保健食品可提供营养、满足人体需要、调节人体生理状态,但作为药品的维生素是不能当成保健食品来服用的。维生素分为水溶性和脂溶性两大类。常用的水溶性维生素有维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酸、烟酰胺、维生素C、叶酸等。这类维…     

维生素B12化学分析法研究概况

维生素B12是人体所必需的营养物质之一，广泛用于食品和药品中。为了规范保健食品中维生素B12的使用量，利用灵敏度高，特异性强，简便易行的检测维生素B12的分析方法是非常必要的。本概括介绍了目前用于测定维生素B12的化学分析法：导数分光光度法、高效毛细管电泳法、化学发光分析法、间接测定法、高效液相色谱法。     

进口保健食品在我国注册备案情况及发展趋势

目的分析申请进口保健食品的"瓶颈"及原因,并提出进口保健食品未来的发展管理趋势。方法通过对我国上市的进口保健食品注册和备案产品总数、保健功能、原料及申请国家情况的统计分析,梳理进口保健食品注册备案法规,并对已获得注册和备案的进口保健食品建立数据库,通过excel软件进行描述性分类统计分析。结果根据进口注册的保健食品总量分析,2003年以前批准的产品占65%,2003年以后批准的产品占35%;注册产品保健功能以增强免疫力最多,其次为辅助降血脂,申报的保健功能涉及18个;申请备案的保健食品中保健功能以补充钙最多,其次是维生素D,申报的营养素涉及17个;进口保健食品注册和备案申请最多的是美国,涉及国家达到15个。结论面对巨大的国内消费市场,在我国获得注册批准证书和备案凭证的进口保健食品数量却不足一千个,远低于国外上市健康产品种类。这与我国对进口保健食品法规要求较严,国外保健食品类似产品管理不同等有关。作为进口到中国的保健食品,必须确保产品长期食用的安全性。未来随着保健食品原料目录的调整及法规完善,更多符合我国法律法规要求的进口保健食品将给国人带来更多的健康选择。     

光黄素荧光法测定保健食品中的维生素B2的方法研究

食品中天然存在的维生素B2一般呈结合形式,与磷酸和蛋白等结合成复合化合物.此种结合型维生素B2对光比较稳定.国标法测定维生素B2即是针对食品中天然存在的维生素B2而制定的,[1]由于食品成分比较复杂,试样处理繁琐费时.而保健食品中的维生素B2大多以游离形式存在,且试样成分相对简单,如采用国标法测定既耗时又费试剂.游离维生素B2对光极为敏感,光照下即分解产生光黄素.[2]本文参考日本卫生试验法食品中维生素B2的测定方法,[3]利用维生素B2分解为光黄素这一反应,以光黄素荧光法定量测定保健食品中的维生素B2含量,方法简便、快速,且准确度及精密度都能满足分析要求.     

高效液相色谱法测定保健食品-复合营养素补充剂中维生素B1含量

摘要：目的建立一种简单、高效、抗基质干扰能力强的样品前处理结合高效液相色谱法（high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC）测定保健食品-复合营养素补充剂中维生素B1(vitamin B1,VB1)含量的分析方法。方法选取基质复杂的多种维生素矿物质片作为代表样品,通过创新性的设计酸性饱和乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐（ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt,EDTA）提取溶液结合超声提取前处理方法,充分络合各类矿物质元素并有效消除其他基质干扰,针对样品中的维生素B1进行高效率提取。提取液经滤膜过滤后,HPLC分离检测。结果此改进后的分析方法能够针对多种维生素矿物质片中维生素B1含量进行准确定量。维生素B1在浓度范围1.0237~204.7380 μg/mL内线性良好（r2=0.9999）;实际样品加标回收率达98.59%;相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为0.61%（n=6）;方法定量限(limits of quantification, LOQ)为0.05 μg/mL。结论本方法简单、高效、抗基质干扰能力强、重现性好,适用于多种维生素矿物质片中的维生素B1的含量测定,同时也为复杂基质的保健食品-复合营养素补充剂中维生素B1的含量检测提供新的途径。     

科学分析食品检验结论 准确判定食品案件的违法性质

本文以一起保健食品中维生素指标不合格案件为例,探讨如何对食品检验结论中的不合格项目进行分析,从而准确判定食品案件的违法性质。案件概述2018年,CZ市监管部门对市场流通的XBT保健食品有限公司(以下简称XBT公司)生产的"钙铁锌硒维生素片(成人型)"进行监督抽检(规格型号:1.2g×60片、批号:20171205、类别:保健食品),结果发现维生素A、维生素B 1、维生素D三项指标不合格(功效性成分含量不足)。     

我国维生素矿物质类保健食品备案情况及未来发展趋势

2016年7月开始保健食品实行注册与备案双轨制管理，首批实行备案的保健食品原料为维生素矿物质。截至目前，保健食品备案实施已三年，已备案的维生素矿物质产品数量达到5100余个，超过了此前已批准注册的维生素矿物质产品总数。从备案产品情况看，补充钙、维生素C、维生素D等产品较受欢迎；从备案使用的原料看，碳酸钙、维生素D₃、L-抗坏血酸等为常用化合物；从备案产品剂型看，片剂和软胶囊剂占据了备案产品的85%。本文首先统计了3年以来保健食品备案产品基本情况，包括使用原料的种类、配伍、产品剂型等，然后对维生素矿物质的法规变革进行梳理。根据维生素矿物质产品消费信息提示和我国批准产品的情况分析说明，提出消费者应理性选择营养素补充剂产品。最后结合维生素矿物质保健食品未来发展趋势，建议生产企业作为产品质量的责任人，应保证产品在研发、生产的质量可控性。     

婴幼儿配方食品中B族维生素测定方法研究进展

B族维生素是人体维持正常生体机能的一类必需营养物质,适量的摄取B族维生素对婴幼儿的成长发育至关重要,而分析测定婴幼儿配方食品中的B族维生素含量对于科学的指导和研究其添加量具有重要意义。本文就近年来国内外婴幼儿配方食品中B族维生素的测定分析方法进行了综述,检测技术包括分光光度法、荧光分析法、高效液相色谱法、试管法等,并对其发展趋势进行了讨论。目前,婴幼儿配方食品中B族维生素使用试管法较普遍,该方法具有样品处理和操作便捷,应用范围和灵敏度均良好等特点。 本文也对目前婴幼儿配方食品中B族维生素的测定技术中的问题和前景与方向提出了探讨。     

保健食品的现状及其开发前景

介绍了保健食品目前的概况,并对今后开发的前景进行了总结.     

我国保健食品的现状和管理对策研究——我国保健食品的生产开 …

通过对１９９６年６月￣１９９８年５月经卫生部审查的１４０９种保健食品的有关资料进行研究分析,发现国产保健食品的功能主要集中在免疫调节、抗疲劳和调节血脂;进口保健食品主要是营养素补充剂;无论国产、进口保健食品、适宜于生理异常人群食用的产品最多;保健食品的形态以非传统形态多见;国产和进口保健食品的原料构成有很大区别;目前,国产保健食品的产地相对集中。     

Determination of Vitamin K in foods: A review

Vitamin K receives less dietary attention and fewer assays in foods than other fat‐soluble vitamins. It is widely distributed in foods, usually at low concentrations. The human requirement is small. Intestinal bacteria synthesize vitamin K, which presumably helps provide the metabolic requirements for vitamin K. An RDA for vitamin K has not been published, but infants fed milk‐substitute formulas risk vitamin K deficiency and it is recommended that those formulas contain supplemental vitamin K. Vitamin K in foods includes phylloquinone (K,) found in plants and several menaquinones (K,) found in animals and synthesized by microorganisms. Many vitamin K methods were developed primarily to identify forms present and determine their relative bioactivities. Until recently bioassays with chicks were the only practical methods to determine vitamin K content of foods. Various physicochemical methods have been developed to determine vitamins K in pure solutions, concentrates, and Pharmaceuticals. Because of low concentrations of vitamin K in foods and the extensive purifications of extracts required, there has been only limited use of physico‐chemical methods, such as column chromatography, thin‐layer chromatography, and high‐performance liquid chromatography, with foods; the latter method perhaps offers the greatest possibilities for further development.     

Antioxidants Bound to an Insoluble Food Matrix: Their Analysis,Regeneration Behavior,and Physiological Importance

Dietary antioxidants play an important role in human health by counteracting oxidative stress and preventing chronic diseases. Most common dietary antioxidants in foods are vitamins, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, sulfur‐containing compounds, and neoformed antioxidants. Antioxidants may be present in free soluble or bound insoluble forms in foods. Antioxidants bound to insoluble food matrices have gained the spotlight because they exert their antioxidant effects much longer than free soluble ones. A direct procedure called QUENCHER has been shown to accurately measure the antioxidant capacity of antioxidants bound to insoluble matrices. This procedure overcomes the drawbacks of extraction‐dependent classical assays leading to underestimation of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of foods. This review focuses on antioxidants that are found naturally in foods or are formed in foods during processing specifically the antioxidants bound to the insoluble food matrices. The literature gap on the importance of bound antioxidants, their physiological relevance, and methods for measurement of their antioxidant capacity will be filled by this comprehensive review. In particular, chemical properties and health effects of food antioxidants, measurement of the TAC of foods by the QUENCHER method, digestion behavior of bound insoluble antioxidants, and their interactions with free soluble antioxidants are discussed throughout this review.     

Bad company: the addition of sugar,fat, or salt reduces the perceived vitamin and mineral content of foods

The addition of disreputable ingredients (e.g., fat) can cause foods to take on perceived negative qualities (e.g., as promoters of obesity and disease) and according to recent findings, these foods can also be perceived to lack positive components (e.g., vitamins and minerals). In the present study, middle-aged and older adults were asked to rate the vitamin and mineral levels of a group of primary foods (e.g., strawberries) as well as their counterparts, i.e., a second group of similar foods (e.g., strawberries with sugar on top) that contained disreputable ingredients. The results indicate that many Americans (regardless of whether or not they have tendencies toward eating restraint) believe that fat, sugar, and salt deplete foods of vitamins and minerals. Apparently, the vilification of certain nutrients in foods (e.g., fat) by health media and the food industry influences our perceptions of the amounts of other nutrients in those same foods. These results suggest that more care and caution should be used when disseminating nutritional information.     

超高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中的多种水溶性维生素

本文应用超高效液相色谱法,AcquityUPLCHSST3（2．1×100mm×1．8μm）柱,0．1％三氟乙酸-乙腈流动相,梯度洗脱,紫外和荧光串联检测器,可同时测定保健食品中6种水溶性维生素,其中包括Vc、B3、B1、B6、B11、B2等,该法线性范围宽、呈直线回归、相关性好、检测限低、分析速度决,其测定结果与国标法相吻合。     

食品中维生素检测技术研究进展

维生素是机体维持其正常生活所必需的一类营养素,摄入不足或过量均可导致机体功能障碍,分析和评价食品中的维生素含量将对指导人群科学摄取维生素具有重要参考价值。本文对近年来国内外食品中维生素的前处理技术和常用检测技术进行了综述。检测技术主要包括微生物法、光谱分析法、高效液相色谱法、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法和电化学方法等,介绍了各种检测技术的原理及特点,着重介绍了高效液相色谱法在维生素测定中的应用。高效液相色谱法是目前使用最普遍的测定维生素的方法,应用范围很广,灵敏度也高,具有样品前处理简单,样品用量少,分离速度快,可一次性分析多种维生素等优点。本文对目前食品中维生素检测存在的问题和今后的发展方向提出建议,为今后维生素的高通量快速分析提供文献参考。     

Development of methods for the determination of vitamins A, E and β-carotene in processed foods based on supercritical fluid extraction: a collaborative study

New methodologies based on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) have been developed for the determination of fat-soluble vitamins in processed foods. The results obtained so far indicate that SFE is well suited to extraction of fat-soluble vitamins from food products, although validation work is required to establish accuracy and precision. The vitamins investigated were A, E and β-carotene, and the processed foods were UHT milk, milk powder, minced meat, liver paste, infant formula, canned baby food and margarine. Extraction equipment employed analyte collection on either a solid-phase trap or in a solvent. After extraction, the samples were saponified and the vitamins determined using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or fluorescence detection. Sample throughput was at least 12 samples day -1 , i.e. at least twice the number achievable with a conventional extraction methodology. The detection limits for the vitamins in different processed foods were well below 0.1 µg g -1 . Recoveries (in comparison with vitamin levels obtained using conventional solvent extraction) were close to 100% for experienced personal with access to modern automatic equipment. To reach this level, it was necessary to protect the vitamins with an antioxidant during the different steps of the analysis procedure, to add methanol or ethanol to the extraction cell to facilitate the analyte extraction from the food matrix, and when using a solid-phase trap, to employ a fractionated extraction-elution procedure to prevent breakthrough losses. The developed methods were tested in a validation exercise between five laboratories, which had taken part in the method development, and in an intercomparison between 10 laboratories including laboratories with less experience of vitamin determination. The within-laboratory RSD was generally ≤11%. The average of the between-laboratory relative standard deviation (RSD) was about 23% in the validation, and increased to about 40% in the intercomparison. Ruggedness tests performed at different steps of the project showed that different types and models of equipment did not give large differences in recoveries. Thus, the increasing RSD can largely be ascribed to differences in experience in vitamin analysis of the participants.     

毛细管电泳在食品分析中的应用进展

阐述了毛细管电泳在食品分析中的应用。主要包括糖类、氨基酸、脂肪酸、有机酸、矿物质、维生素、食品添加剂、农药残留量、生物毒素、抗生素残留量等食品成分的分析，并简要介绍了毛细管电泳的一般原理，对今后的发展前景进行了展望。     

Quantification of water-soluble vitamins in milk-based infant formulae using biosensor-based assays

Vitamin analysis is essential for quality control and development of functional foods. In this study, a biosensor-based technology developed by Biacore AB was evaluated for analysis of water-soluble vitamins B₂, B₁₂, folic acid, biotin, and pantothenic acid used to supplement infant formula samples. Performance parameters such as accuracy, repeatability and recovery for the five vitamins were studied. The repeatability was measured in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD) and HORRAT_r value. The RSD for all vitamins was below 2% and the values of HORRAT_r were 0.16, 0.10, 0.15, 0.11 and 0.22, for B₂, B₁₂, folic acid, biotin, and pantothenic acid, respectively. The recovery of vitamins ranged from 94.7% to 109.1%. Linear analyses indicated that the square of the correlation coefficient (R²) for B₂, B₁₂, folic acid, biotin, and pantothenic acid were 0.993, 0.997, 0.993, 0.993 and 0.995, respectively. The results showed that the biosensor-based vitamin analysis technology is a sensitive, reliable and realistic alternative to other methods.     

食品中亚硝酸盐检测技术研究进展

综述了国内外食品中亚硝酸盐残留检测方法的研究进展,主要对肉制品、乳制品和蔬菜中亚硝酸盐检测的光度法(格里斯试剂比色法、催化(褪色)光度法、流动注射-分光光度法、顺序注射-分光光度法、导数光度法)、示波极谱法、荧光法、离子色谱法等的原理、测定参数及其使用范围等进行了详细的阐述,并分析比较了各种方法的优劣,希望能对我国亚硝酸盐检测技术的发展有参考价值.