金属粉末注射成型工艺技术

金属粉末注射成型（MetalPowderInjectionMoulding，简称MIM），是传统粉末冶金工艺与塑料成型工艺结合的新型工艺。该工艺的基本过程是：金属粉末与有机粘接剂均匀混合成具有流变性的育状混合料，然后在注射机上注射成型，所得到的成型毛坯经过脱除粘接剂和烧结，烧结后的零件根据需要可进行磨光和表面硬化处理。该工艺技术不仅具有常规粉末冶金工艺工序少、无切削或少切削，经济效益高等优点，而且克服了传统粉末冶金工艺材料密度低、材质不均匀、机械性能低、不易成型薄壁、复杂结构件的缺点，特别适合于大批量生产小型、复杂以及具有…     

基于选择性激光烧结成型的无模具快速精铸工艺

论述了基于选择性激光烧结(SLS)成型无模具快速精铸工艺。该工艺将CAD、SLS壳型铸造与传统的砂型铸造相结合，特别适宜具有复杂形状铸件的单件、小批量铸件工艺的设计和生产，并使传统的分散、多工序的铸造工艺设计和生产过程实现了集成化和自动化．     

尼龙6/硅灰石混合粉末选区激光烧结成型精度研究

收缩是尼龙材料选区激光烧结成型的常见问题,不均匀的收缩将导致翘曲变形。影响成型精度的因素很多,包括材料本身的特性,烧结工艺参数等。本文通过添加硅灰石来提高尼龙材料的成型精度,用翘曲高度法分析了制件翘曲高度随硅灰石用量和烧结工艺参数,如激光功率、预热温度变化的规律。     

精密注塑解决方案

1精密注射成型的概念精密注塑是指加工成型的注塑制品的尺寸重复精度很高,以致使用通用注塑机、常规的注塑成型工艺难以达到要求的一种注射成型方法。“精密注射成型”这一概念,主要是区别于“常规注射成型”,它是基于高分子材料的迅速发展,在仪表、电子领域里采用精密塑料部件取代高精度的金属零件的技术。目前针对精密注射制品的界定指标有2个,一是制品尺寸重复精度．二是制品质量的重复精度。本文主要从制品尺寸重复精度方面阐述精密注射成型。但由于各种材料本身的性质和加工工艺不同,不能把塑料制件的精度与金属零件的精度等同起来。     

基于快速原型的钢模具无余量消失模铸造工艺研究

由机械科学研究院完成的“基于快速原型的钢模具无余量消失模铸造工艺研究”课题，以快速原型技术（Rapid Prototyping简称RP）为基础即基于离散／堆积成型原理，直接采用计算机数字模型控制激光加工系统，使材料一层层堆积成型。通过快速原型与消失模精密铸造技术相结合，分析工艺过程中的尺寸精度影响因素，可将工艺过程中的误差数据以及金属凝固过程中尺寸精度变化反馈到CAD模型设计中。     

快速成型技术原理及成型精度分析

介绍了快速成型技术的基本原理;对立体光固化（SLA）、熔融沉积（FDM）、选择性激光烧结（SLS）和分层实体制造（LOM）这四种成型方法的工作原理、材料选择和精度影响因素进行了分析;介绍了快速成型的应用情况;在此基础上指出了快速成型技术的发展趋势。     

选择性激光烧结3D打印参数对成型精度影响研究

选择性激光烧结的成型过程中,零件的成型性能主要受激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距与激光能量密度等多种因素的影响。采用实验方法研究了PS粉选择性激光烧结工艺,通过测量烧结件的尺寸精度,得出不同影响因素对烧结件成型精度影响的变化规律。通过实验结果发现,激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距分别通过改变激光能量密度影响成型精度,并得到成型件精度与激光能量密度的变化规律,同时选出最佳的加工参数与加工方式,指导实际生产。     

基于选择性激光烧结PS原型的 快速铸造工艺研究

针对传统熔模精密铸造工艺中熔模制作过程复杂的问题,以某典型零件为研究对象,开展了基于选择性激光烧结技术的熔模精密铸造工艺研究。首先采用SolidWorks建立了零件的三维模型,将模型导入激光烧结设备中,调整并优化了烧结设备的工艺参数,以PS(聚苯乙烯)粉末为原材料进行了激光烧结成型,制得了零件的PS原型;然后,以该PS原型与蜡浇注系统结合后的整体模型作为熔模替代了传统压制蜡模,进行了熔模精密铸造,制得了目标零件的精密铸件;最后,测量并分析了铸件的尺寸精度和表面质量。研究结果表明:通过该快速铸造工艺制得的铸件质量较好,尺寸精度可达CT6级,表面粗糙度可达Ra6.3μm。     

基于CSO-LSSVM模型的选择性激光烧结成型工艺参数优化

成型收缩是影响选择性激光烧结技术（selective laser sintering,SLS）制件精度的关键因素,而工艺参数对材料烧结情况和收缩变形程度有着明显影响,因此选择合理的参数组合对减小精度误差和改善成型性能质量有着重要意义。为降低SLS成型件工艺参数优化试验成本,文章开发了一种名为CSO-LSSVM成型精度预测模型用于工艺参数的预测。该模型的设计思路是：首先,通过Sine映射、非线性切换因子和针孔成像反向学习等3种改进策略全方面协调增强了蛇优化器（snake optimizer,SO）的收敛精度和寻优速度,接着,将改进后的蛇优化器（chaotic multi-strategy enhanced snake optimizer,CSO）与最小二乘支持向量机（least square support vector machine,LSSVM）结合,整定关键核函数参数,提高模型预测精度和泛化能力。为验证CSO-LSSVM模型的有效性和优越性,利用Matlab软件在真实数据集基础上将其与LSSVM、BP(back propagation)神经网络以及极限学习机（extreme lea...     

陶瓷轴承净尺寸成型技术的研究

利用陶瓷低比重、高耐磨、耐热、耐腐蚀、高刚性等特性制造的陶瓷轴承可广泛用于高速、高温、腐蚀、绝缘、抗磁等苛刻或特殊工况条件下。由于陶瓷粉末原料的制造技术、烧结技术比较成熟，但生产效率低，如何降低陶瓷球的生产成本是陶瓷轴承能否进一步扩大应用的关键。陶瓷素坯球的形态、尺寸精度直接关系到磨加工成本，针对陶瓷轴承生产中的这个关健技术，开展陶瓷轴承净尺寸成型技术的研究。净尺寸成型技术的研究是以等静压（CIP）技术为基础，创造性地采用模拟干袋技术设计出复合模具，将CIP技术中常用的干袋和湿袋的优点结合起来，成…     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.