子种群规模可变的多种群人工蜂群算法

针对人工蜂群算法开发能力不足的问题,提出一种子种群规模可变的多种群人工蜂群算法(DMABCPS).在算法中,以个体均值位置作为中心点将整个种群划分成多个子种群;雇佣蜂阶段使用三种不同策略协同搜索,保证对优良种群的开发、中间种群的平衡和较差种群的探索;观察蜂阶段采用基于成功率的选择机制对两个搜索策略进行自适应选择;此外,算法建立了新的概率选择模型,对子种群以及其内部个体进行选择.最后,通过22个标准函数测试集验证了该算法比得上一些目前较优的算法.     

基于刺激-响应分工机制的人工蜂群算法

针对人工蜂群算法中探索与开采的不平衡以及由此导致的求解精度低、收敛速度慢等问题,提出一种基于刺激-响应分工机制的人工蜂群算法.将探索和开采看成两种不同的搜索任务,令蜜蜂在雇佣蜂阶段执行探索,在跟随蜂阶段执行开采.根据种群多样性设计搜索任务的环境刺激,利用搜索成功率设计蜜蜂个体的响应阈值.在刺激-响应分工机制下,蜜蜂在雇...     

基于交叉-变异人工蜂群算法的微网优化调度

随着大规模可再生能源接入微网,其不确定性直接影响微网的优化调度.鉴于此,以微网的产能利润最大化为目标,构建微网日前产能调度的优化模型,其中对储能单元和需求响应负荷进行调度,对可再生能源产能预测的误差进行处理.考虑优化模型中包含的非线性特征,提出一种基于交叉和变异的人工蜂群算法以求解微网最优调度策略.所提出算法在雇佣蜂和观察蜂阶段,引入遗传算法中的交叉和变异操作对邻域搜索策略进行更新,以确保子代种群的多样性;在侦查蜂阶段,构建基于全局搜索的初始化机制,以提高算法搜索全局最优解的能力.仿真结果验证了所构建模型的有效性和算法的优越性.     

基于局部最优解的改进人工蜂群算法

针对人工蜂群算法有时收敛速度较慢和探索能力较强而开发能力不足等问题,提出一种改进的人工蜂群（IABC）算法。该算法在跟随蜂阶段采用一种基于当前局部最优解（pbest）的搜索策略,能提高算法的局部搜索能力。为了加快算法的收敛速度,采用基于一般的反向学习的策略进行种群初始化,而且采蜜蜂和跟随蜂进行邻域搜索时,邻域搜索的维数根据循环代数动态调整。基于十个标准测试函数的仿真结果表明,该算法能有效加快收敛速度,局部优化能力有显著提高。     

基于混合人工蜂群算法的多目标柔性作业车间调度问题研究

传统的优化算法在求解面对多目标柔性作业车间调度时,往往求解效率低且难以获得最优解。为了求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题,设计了混合人工蜂群算法。种群的初始化采用了多种方法相结合的策略。在人工蜂群算法的不同阶段采用不同的搜索机制,在雇佣蜂阶段采用开发搜索,针对跟随蜂阶段蜜蜂跟随的对象的优秀解进行小幅度的更新,从而提高了搜索的表现。禁忌搜索与改进的人工蜂群算法相结合,有效的提升了获得最优解的概率。通过相关文献中的标准实例对设计的混合人工蜂群算法进行一系列求解测试,实验的结果有效的说明了算法在求解柔性作业车间调度问题时效果显著。通过求解结果对比表明人工蜂群算法的高效性和优越性。     

改进约束人工蜂群算法及金融应用

为了有效求解约束优化问题，提出一种改进人工蜂群算法。该算法引入Pareto支配准则提高算法探索能力，避免算法早熟。在雇佣蜂阶段，通过识别种群当前状态自适应选取搜索方程与约束处理策略，引导种群快速进入可行区域。在跟随蜂阶段，利用全局最优解引导种群进行搜索，提高算法开发能力。通过对CEC 2006中20个测试函数实验结果分析表明，该算法能够有效求解约束优化问题。进而，将该算法应用于求解投资组合优化问题，通过数值实验说明该算法是求解投资组合优化问题的有效算法，可以用于求解此类金融问题。     

求解置换流水线调度问题的混合离散果蝇算法

针对置换流水线调度问题,提出了一种新颖的混合离散果蝇算法.算法每一代进化包括4个搜索阶段:嗅觉搜索、视觉搜索、协作进化和退火过程.在嗅觉搜索阶段,采用插入方式生成邻域解;在视觉搜索阶段,选择最优邻域解更新个体;在协作进化阶段,基于果蝇个体间的差分信息产生引导个体;在退火操作阶段,以一定概率接受最优引导个体从而更新种群.同时,通过试验设计方法对算法参数设置进行了分析,并确定了合适的参数组合.最后,通过基于标准测试集的仿真结果和算法比较验证了所提算法的有效性和鲁棒性.     

基于改进蛙跳算法的分布式两阶段混合流水车间调度

针对考虑顺序相关准备时间的分布式两阶段混合流水车间调度问题,提出一种改进的蛙跳算法以同时最小化拖后工件数和最大完成时间.该算法通过启发式方法和随机方法对种群进行初始化,采取基于种群和记忆的种群划分方法,同时给出模因组质量评价方法,并根据模因组质量将所有模因组划分为最优模因组、最差模因组和其他模因组,每种类型的模因组分别采取不同的搜索策略,并分配不同的搜索次数,其中最优模因组不参与种群划分.选用一种多目标经典算法和两种近5年提出的算法作为对比算法,并与改进蛙跳算法的变体进行比较以验证模因组搜索新策略的有效性.通过对大量实例的计算实验结果表明,模因组搜索新策略有效,改进蛙跳算法能有效求解分布式两阶段混合流水车间调度问题.     

基于改进邻域搜索策略的人工蜂群算法

针对人工蜂群算法存在易陷入局部最优、收敛速度慢的缺陷,提出一种改进邻域搜索策略的人工蜂群算法.首先,将混沌思想和反向学习方法引入初始种群,设计混沌反向解初始化策略,以增大种群多样性,增强跳出局部最优的能力;然后,在跟随蜂阶段根据更新前个体最优位置引入量子行为模拟人工蜂群获取最优解,通过交叉率设计更新前个体最优位置,并利用势阱模型的控制参数提高平衡探索与开发的能力,对观察蜂邻域搜索策略进行改进,以提高算法的收敛速度和精度;最后,将改进人工蜂群算法与粒子群算法、蚁群算法以及其他改进人工蜂群算法进行比较,利用12个标准测试函数进行仿真分析.结果表明,改进算法不仅提高了收敛速度和精度,而且在高维函数优化方面具有一定的优势.     

基于非线性递减选择策略的人工蜂群算法

针对基本人工蜂群算法种群多样性难以保持,进化速度慢等问题,提出了一种基于非线性递减选择策略的人工蜂群算法.算法在雇佣蜂阶段采用非线性递减选择策略以提高种群的多样性,进而改善种群的全局勘探能力;在跟随蜂阶段由全局最优解引导搜寻新解,以提高种群的局部开发能力;侦察蜂采用贴近最优解的策略以提高生成新解的质量,加速种群进化.改进的三个阶段改善了算法的寻优性能,最后通过实验对比与分析,验证了该算法的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.