基于PC集群的三维图形并行渲染性能分析

研究基于PC集群的三维图形并行渲染性能问题,从网络性能、算法复杂度、并行分配机制等几方面分析了影响并行渲染性能的关键因素。在千兆以太网PC集群上进行了基于通用MPI和OpenGL的三维图形并行渲染仿真测试,给出了数据及分析结果,给出了合理构建并行三维图形渲染系统的建议,通过平衡图形算法复杂度和网络性能以达到最佳并行性能。     

渲染农场研究进展综述

作为高性能计算领域的新兴应用,渲染有着计算密集和数据密集的应用特征,如何提高渲染农场的效率进行大规模快速渲染,近年来逐渐成为研究的热点问题.对渲染农场的国内外应用现状作了介绍,阐述了渲染农场的组织结构和工作流程.针对渲染农场在优化作业调度算法、改善负载均衡策略以及完善渲染管理平台等三个方面的研究,进行了全面的分析和比较.探讨和总结了在云计算背景下渲染农场在渲染作业调度策略、异构集群渲染任务分发算法、基于云模式的渲染农场新架构和负载均衡策略这四个方面中有待进一步研究的问题.     

基于分布式渲染架构的远程可视化研究

互联网带宽的增长催生了远程可视化,它有着更好的分享性、移动性和方便性.针对大规模数据的远程可视化问题,提出了一种基于Sort-Last的分布式渲染架构,给出了基于GPU的融合、抗锯齿等算法.该架构用于远程可视化的服务器端,包括渲染节点、融合节点和任务节点等3层结构,具有良好的可扩展性.基于此,实现了一个远程可视化系统Waterman,提供基于Internet的高精地形渲染和海洋排放口污水扩散可视化服务,并给出了详细的设计方法和技术细节,包括基于Raycasting的地形渲染算法、基于陆地掩蔽(mask)方法的海面渲染技术和基于图片、网格模型的客户端混合实现技术等.最后对该架构和系统进行了性能测试和分析.提出的方法实用、鲁棒、扩展性好,可为同类系统设计提供很好的参考.     

(加急)基于GPU的并行加速渲染算法的研究

目前,GPU渲染技术仍然存在不足之处,在分配渲染任务时,没有充分发挥各个处理器的优势,浪费了性能较好的处理器,影响了渲染速度的提高。针对以上问题,根据武进区邹区现代农业产业园人口疏散地域接收安置动画的项目,在原有GPU渲染架构的基础上提出了一种基于sort-last架构的带反馈的动态负载均衡算法。在分配渲染任务之前,对所有处理器进行性能统计,将时长较长的场景分配给性能较好的处理器,时长短的分配给剩余的处理器,待有处理器完成渲染任务时,将剩余场景时间较长的,分配给第一轮任务先完成的处理器,以此类推。实验结果表明,该方法对解决上述问题具有较好的效果,解决了目前集群渲染存在的不足之处和负载不平衡的问题,最终实现了加速渲染。     

一个新的线索KD树并行算法

KD树是三维场景渲染中常用的空间加速算法.由于SIMD计算平台不支持递归操作,导致KD树在GPU上的应用受到限制,因此提出了一个新的基于SIMD架构的并行KD树算法.通过创建时对KD树线索化,不仅省去堆栈使用,且因无需回溯到根节点而减少大量无效遍历操作,实现了基于GPU的高效并行加速.实验结果表明,线索KD树算法每秒计...     

基于信任机制与遗传算法的渲染网格作业调度研究

信任关系是网格作业调度中一个很重要的因素,也是影响网格计算有效性和性能的关键技术之一。将信任机制引入到渲染网格作业调度中,建立渲染网格环境中基于信任机制的作业调度模型,在调度策略上对基本遗传算法进行了改进,提出了基于信任机制的遗传算法。实验结果表明,该算法可以提高任务完成率和平均信任效益,是适用于渲染网格的一种有效作业调度方法。     

分布式渲染调度策略优化研究与实现

围绕如何提高分布式渲染任务执行效率这一目标,重点研究了LSF作业管理系统工作原理以及扩展调度插件机制,设计并实现了依据服务节点负载量及处理能力选择候选主机的分布式渲染调度算法（DRS）,并利用LSF调度插件嵌入自定义调度模块,该模块能与系统内置调度模块协同工作。最后构造仿真集群执行环境,通过模型渲染验证了算法的有效性。     

面向GIS数据可视化模拟的资源渲染引擎适配与调度方法研究

近年来随着数字化应用场景的不断丰富，在工业设计及系统开发等领域对渲染技术体系化、高效化的需求逐日提升。在地理信息测绘领域，针对目前渲染系统存在的工作效率低的问题，提出了面向地理信息系统（GIS）数据可视化模拟的资源渲染引擎适配与调度方法。首先将GIS与可视化技术途径相结合，形成一种GIS的可视化体系，并分析该体系的数据层、逻辑层等层次结构；然后在可视化流程分析的基础上，分配处理器对渲染资源进行调度，并通过渲染任务的状态、节点完成渲染工作的用时、节点的运行能耗、节点空闲状态下的能耗以及调度运行时间等信息的获取，构建渲染能耗模型；最后通过模拟退火算法进行调度的初始化，并通过任务调度过程实现能耗优化调度。结果表明：在两组试验的箱线图中，本文算法下的等待时间分别为1s和2s、任务结束比均为0.02，均为最低；CPU利用率10次仿真的均值最高分别为72.42%和72.83%；随着任务数的增加本文算法下的能耗总体提高幅度最小为0.45；且当调度规模为200-300之间时，能耗可以有效得到优化。因此本文算法稳定性更好，均值更优，能更好地满足集群渲染系统的任务调度负载均衡需求，且节点的调度在能耗性能上...     

基于LOD的海量地形数据并行渲染技术

随着地球空间信息技术的发展,建立具有海量空间数据的大规模虚拟地形场景越来越重要. 然而,面对海量的地形数据,如何简化地形,提升绘制与渲染效率,是地形渲染的关键. 本文对LOD地形渲染技术、大规模数据集的分析与处理、并行计算等相关技术进行了研究,提出了基于LOD的海量地形数据并行渲染技术. 该技术首先使用LOD四叉树简化地形,其次结合多核CPU并行计算的方法提升效率,最后结合大规模数据调度策略,实现了海量地形数据的并行渲染,并分析对比了非并行和并行情况下的实验结果. 本文所取得的理论与技术方面的成果可为大规模场景渲染提供新的技术思路.     

一种针对依赖性周期任务的实时多核调度算法

针对软实时系统中的一类同时具有依赖性与周期性的任务,提出一种基于单行树矩阵(MST)的动态因子均衡调度算法SMD(schedule on matrix of the single tree and dynamic load factor)。该算法通过对MST矩阵的特性进行分析,将任务划分为若干并行集,再综合考虑已执行时间、任务间的依赖关系及任务最早截止时间几个要素,以动态因子的形式对任务进行实时调度。最后,还以证明的形式给出了可充分调动的任务集的充分条件,并以此为基础随机生成了测试任务集,进行了对比实验。实验表明,与文献中现有经典算法相比,新算法使处理器利用率提升近15%,任务丢失率降低2%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.