动平衡机支承系统的研究

简述了动平衡机的机理,并在详细分析支承系统对动平衡机灵敏度和精度影响的基础上提出了一种高精度、高灵敏度的支承系统——气动支承系统的方案。通过对其结构分析和实验验证,证实了该支承系统是可行的,在小转子、高精度动平衡测试场合具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于有限元方法的动平衡机的设计

首先基于有限元建立了转子的动力学模型,然后给出了动平衡机硬支承的设计方法,同时利用有限元方法计算得出了系统的固有频率和各机构间的阻尼系数;然后分析了现有标定方法的特点,提出了优化的标定方法,该方法优于现有标定方法;最后根据处理后振动信号的特点,结合已有数字信号处理算法,提出一种更精确不平衡量提取方法,以提高动平衡机的灵敏度和精度。实验证明,该系统具有高效、高精和稳定的特点。     

基于影响系数法的主轴在线动平衡实验研究

针对高速机械主轴动不平衡、振动等原因对主轴加工精度造成破坏等问题,采用影响系数法对主轴进行在线动平衡。搭建实验平台,应用电磁驱动式平衡装置,通过机械主轴在不同工作转速下的动平衡效果,找到了主轴共振转速,主轴经过临界转速进入了柔性工作状态,采用了双面影响系数法在线动平衡方法,通过水平和垂直方向同时检测主轴振动,客观表达主轴振动状态。实验结果表明:双面影响系数法平衡精度明显高于单面影响系数法,主轴振幅降低显著,平衡效率提高。影响系数法在线动平衡实验为高速机械主轴在线动平衡调控提供了依据。     

用于电动工具转子的全自动平衡机的影响系数标定方法研究

影响系数的精确性对转子动平衡机的精度有十分重要的影响。为了提高影响系数的精度可以从两个方面着手改进：一是降低对操作工的依赖性，在影响系数标定过程实现程序化；其次是增加测点数然后求其平均值。为了降低PLC处理数据过程中的计算复杂程度，在传统的影响系数法的基础上提出了四等分平均法。实验数据表明了该方法求取的影响系数的有效性和可靠性。     

运动学误差模型变体下的机械臂标定精度研究

为进一步提高机械臂运动学标定精度,研究不同D-H建模方式下运动学误差辨识精度的差异,为运动学误差准确建模提供理论依据。围绕SD-H和MD-H运动学误差模型的各种变体形式,量化对比各模型变体的性态水平和线性化误差,并分析二者对运动学标定精度的综合影响。研究结果表明：x-z-y欧拉变换会破坏MD-H运动学误差模型最小性,不适用于运动学标定;其余满秩MD-H模型性态水平优于SD-H模型两个数量级;MD-H建模时引入的线性化误差与SD-H数量级等同;在模型性态水平和线性化误差综合作用下,较强测量噪声环境中的SD-H模型运动学标定精度(0.1%~39.3%)优于MD-H模型(0.1%~71.2%);角度类与位置类的运动学参数误差的辨识精度差异显著。研究成果为机械臂标定的精确建模以及误差类型与辨识方法的合理匹配提供了理论依据。     

基于双目视觉和距离误差模型的工业机器人运动学参数标定方法

基于距离误差模型的标定技术,建立机器人末端距离误差与机器人运动学参数误差间的模型关系,避免了标定过程中坐标系的转换误差,能显著提高标定精度。视觉测量技术具有测量精度高、非接触性、实时性强等特点,与传统的机器人末端测量手段相比,具有成本低、操作简单等优势。研究一种将距离误差模型与视觉测量技术相结合的机器人标定方法,用于提高工业机器人特定工作空间的精度。采用双目视觉系统,将相机外置于机器人进行测量。基于距离误差模型进行机器人参数标定,利用标定结果进行运动学参数补偿。结果表明:特定标定工作空间内的距离误差都有所改善;在标定轨迹上,绝对距离误差的平均值从0.279 9 mm减少为0.104 4 mm,非标定轨迹的误差降幅高达50%以上,验证了该方法的可行性。     

平衡面轴向位置对影响系数动平衡法的影响

影响系数动平衡法原理简单,易于操作,但因未涉及到不平衡振动的力学本质,使得平衡效果波动较大。通过对配重质量求解过程的分析,指出了动平衡不稳定性与平衡方程组的病态本质有关。利用模态叠加法对影响系数进行描述,并建立了平衡面轴向位置参数与方程组病态特性之间的联系。在此基础上以多叶片转子系统为例,进行有限元仿真计算。计算结果表明:影响系数方程组的病态特性受平衡面位置的影响较大,合理选择位置参数可降低动平衡中的误差干扰。     

双支承辊锻机的联动型液压过载保护装置

双支承辊锻机的联动型液压过载保护装置２５００２２机械部济南铸锻机械研究所朱成康一、引言目前我国使用的双支承辊锻机，多数仍采用压塌块式过载保护装置，其压塌块一般采用灰铸铁材料，由于铸件内部质量的不均匀性，加之加工误差和使用过程中的疲劳影响，因此破坏力往...     

机床主轴双平面在线动平衡系统的设计

以机床主轴在线动平衡装置及系统为研究对象,采用双平面影响系数法及相关动平衡理论,设计了一种气动摩擦式平衡盘结构,用于双平面不平衡量的调整.基于平衡盘的结构和工作原理,设计了相应的测量、分析和控制系统.文中分析表明,该系统具有结构简单,轴向尺寸小,在现有机床主轴上较容易实现等特点,具有一定的应用价值.     

基于立体视觉焊接变形测量系统标定

应用立体视觉三维测量系统对钢结构上若干待测标志点进行测量,测量前分两步对测量系统参数进行标定.首先应用基于平面模板的方法标定摄像机的固有参数,包括单个摄像机的内部参数和两个摄像机间的位置关系参数.其次使用单位四元数法对摄像机坐标系与设计坐标系之间的位置参数进行标定.为了验证标定结果的准确性,对摄像机内参数标定结果进行了重投影误差估算,重投影误差很小,满足系统测量误差要求.对标定结果进行重建试验,重建结果平均误差小于1 mm,最大误差小于2.5 mm.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.