基于情境的知识推送技术研究

基于情境的知识推送技术是解决当前集团企业在知识管理中的知识有效利用的最直接手段,情境与知识的有效结合使知识推送过程更加智能化,提高了知识服务推送的准确性。本研究采用本体描述语言(Ontology Web Language,OWL),完成了领域知识与情境知识本体模型的建立、情境-知识关系模型建立以及情境相似度算法设计。构建出仿真过程知识领域本体模型,运用protégé建模工具进行本体实现。最后在跨学科制造领域知识管理工具中进行知识推送的初步应用及验证。     

基于空间领域本体的动态工作流模型研究

OGC(Open Geospatial Consortium)提出的Web服务编排方法可以通过组合、协调各种空间信息Web服务,形成一种服务的工作流OWS2(OGC Web Services2),但这属于精确匹配的静态工作流。提出了一种基于本体和规则的动态工作流模型(Dynamic Work Flow Model based on Ontology and Rule,DWFMOR),它是对OWS2的改进。本模型首先针对空间信息的领域特征建立了相应的领域本体,基于这些本体设计了用于推理的工作流规则引擎,并使用protégé本体编辑器和Jena推理机进行了实现,最终建立了一个用于空间信息服务的工作流原型系统。实验表明,基于空间领域本体的工作流模型不仅可以根据业务的需求自动地查找和匹配空间信息Web服务,还可以动态地形成空间信息Web服务工作流。     

基于本体的液压系统故障诊断知识建模与推理

为了实现液压系统故障诊断知识集成与共享,提高知识组织和维修技术支持效率,论文引入本体作为知识建模的技术工具,在分析液压系统故障诊断知识结构、体系的基础上,利用protégé3.3.1、protégé3.4.7、protégé4.2系列版本软件和本体构建方法构建了液压系统故障诊断知识模型,并使用OWL语言描述了该本体,实现了本体的机器可读,通过Pro-Race、Pellet、JESS推理器和SWRL语言构建的液压系统液压油检测规则对构建的本体进行推理,实现了液压系统常见的故障诊断。初步实现了基于本体的知识建模,验证了模型的推理能力并应用于具体诊断,为有效地管理使用液压系统领域知识提供了新的技术手段。     

基于本体的夹具设计知识表达

针对计算机辅助夹具设计领域存在的设计知识重用困难问题,提出了基于本体的知识表达方法,遵循CommonKADS构建知识模型的结构化方法,采用OWL来构建夹具设计知识本体,定义了该领域的基本概念,如装夹特征、元件、关系与约束等.在本体基础上,用SWRL来描述夹具设计规则,建立一个语义清晰的夹具设计知识库,分离了事实和推理.该本体采用了层次结构,便于扩充和修改,具有较强的推理能力.最后通过实例说明了该本体的应用.     

中国古建的语义网络知识库及其高效实现

将全过程计算机辅助动画自动生成技术应用于中国古建领域,实现了一个自动古建动画系统.它根据用户对古建的描述,自动生成三维动画来表现古建的搭建过程,整个自动过程都是在古建知识库的支持下完成的,采用语义网络技术设计并实现了知识库,包括本体库和规则库2部分.主要论述古建知识库的结构、本体和规则库的组成,并以生成古建搭建顺序为例来说明规则推理的过程,共实现了2个方案,一个基于本体构造环境Protégé,另一个基于规则推理系统Jess,后者比前者在推理时间上节省了99%以上,重点论述了高效方案的设计思想和实现技术,并分析了其优点和不足.     

学习资源的本体建模研究

本体作为语义 Web 的重要组成部分,在国内外得到了许多科研人员的关注,并被广泛地应用到计算机科学的众多领域,如知识表示、共享和重用.语义建模等方面.在分析课程的知识结构的基础上,建立了相应的本体映射及映射规则,并给出实例分析,最后利用 Protégé3.1 和 Janal.6.1对创建的本体模型进行了验证,以期实现某种程度上的知识共享和重用.     

基于情境感知的餐饮O2O推荐系统研究

餐饮O2O推荐具有情境敏感性,而普适计算和移动互联网的发展为更全面、更实时的情境信息的获取提供了基础,也使得对情境与推荐对象进行知识表示和推理成为提高推荐质量的关键。充分考虑移动商务活动中情境对用户需求的影响,设计了基于情境感知的领域本体模型结构并研究模型的实例化,通过规则推理实现餐饮O2O推荐。在此基础上,提出基于关联分析的情境规则生成方法,根据用户的历史行为挖掘情境与推荐对象的通用关联模式。并通过基于内容推荐的用户兴趣模型与菜品特征模型来表示个人对菜品的特殊兴趣偏好,构建了基于情境和基于内容相融合的混合推荐系统。实验结果表明,该方法有效解决了基于内容推荐的用户冷启动问题,并可以提高餐饮O2O推荐的准确性。     

基于情境面向Web服务的软件安全中间件模型

针对动态、开放的环境,提出了一种基于情境面向Web服务的软件安全中间件模型.该模型通过定义策略规则,使Agent在不中断Web服务运行的情况下,动态调整用户的访问控制.通过对用户及Web服务的情境信息的收集和管理,使得Agent在决策用户的访问控制时,能够动态地适应环境变化.基于该软件安全中间件模型,提出了一种基于规则和本体的策略语言ReiC及其相应的混合推理机制,弥补了单一规则和本体在构建知识库方面能力的不足.     

新闻社区领域本体构建研究

针对新闻社区领域知识的特点,以新闻社区领域知识的网络应用为目的,根据新闻社区领域本体总体构建流程,采用半自动化构建本体的方法,以通用本体WordNet及ODP开放式目录中不同层次的新闻主题分类为基础,按照媒体流程展开本体概念结构,构建了面向新闻网站应用的新闻社区领域顶层和中层本体模型。利用本体构建工具Protégé4.1开发了新闻社区领域本体。     

基于混合推理的知识库的构建及其应用研究

该文提出了基于OWL本体与Prolog规则的平面几何知识库的构建方法,从而可形式化地表示平面几何中丰富的语义信息.一方面,用类型、定义域、值域、分类、属性、实例等本体描述来表达结构化的知识,为领域内概念与概念之间关系的描述提供形式化的语义;另一方面,用Prolog规则来解决本体不能有效表达的诸如属性之间的关系和操作等问题,从而支持复杂关系间的推理.在此基础上,用Protégé和Prolog构建了一个基于本体和规则的平面几何知识库.实验证明:此知识库可实现知识和语义层次上的信息查询,还可进行复杂问题求解,其丰富的语义描述和混合推理能力弥补了传统知识库的不足.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.