基于遗传算法的动态飞机停机位分配模型研究

机场停机位作为机场保障服务工作中的重要设施,随着中国民航业逐步拓宽的规模,航班数量的不断增长给其分配带来巨大压力;迅速合理的机位分配方案可以最大化促进航班运行效率以及其它机场地面服务工作的开展;为了缓解机场停机位资源的紧张现象,同时解决飞机停机位到跑道出口或者入口的滑行时间最短,对到场飞机所使用的停机位最优化分配问题进行了研究,对飞机从跑道出口到停机位的最短路径进行了分析计算,采用了目前计算速度更快的遗传算法的关键技术,引入改进策略求解,对停机位最优分配进行迭代计算,不断计算出最合理的机位分配资源,根据机位分配问题的约束条件和主要优化目标分析,建立以机位空闲时间均匀化为目标的模型,经模型优化后,远机位使用空闲时间的平方差由156.89降低为75.69,近机位使用效率提高了12%～22%,实验验证满足了机场机位资源最优分配等工程应用。     

基于多目标优化禁忌搜索算法的停机位分配方法研究

针对机位资源分配不均给机场运行多方带来的公平性问题，提出多目标优化的停机位分配方法。建立以旅客通行距离、飞机滑行距离和远机位使用次数最小为多目标优化分配模型。分析航班属性设置分配优先级表。设计一种基于pareto最优的多目标优化禁忌搜索算法，使用pareto最优策略对解集进行筛选。在机场实际分配方案的基础上进行仿真实验,旅客通行距离和飞机滑行距离分别缩短18%和5%，机位资源的使用数量减少20%，航班靠桥率提高到93%，多目标优化禁忌搜索算法比遗传算法更优。     

基于蚁群协同算法的图权值停机位分配模型

停机位分配关系到整个机场系统的运行,是机场地面作业的核心部分。根据不同航班占用停机位的时间冲突约束,将航班之间的冲突关系表示成图的权值0-1,基于停机位、航班类型的匹配约束和得到的图的权值,运用蚁群协调算法,在保证不存在停机位分配冲突约束的前提下,以最少数量航班被分配到远停机位和旅客到停机位总行走时间最小为目标函数,对航班进行停机位分配。对枢纽机场进行停机位分配,并与遗传算法在停机位分配上的应用做比较,表明蚁群协调算法在停机位分配上的应用从运行时间和实验结果都明显好于遗传算法,验证了算法的合理性,这一算法可作为机场停机位分配的参考。     

面向场面滑行的机场关键资源蚁群调度模型*

每一架飞机场面滑行时间的长短和飞机总体滑行时间的均衡性反应了机场调度的合理性。跑道和停机位的分配直接决定了飞机的滑行时间。根据不同航班占用停机位的时间不同,将航班的停机位分配约束关系表示成图的权值0-1。充分考虑跑道容量等约束条件,对航班进行跑道初始化分配。基于停机位类型、航班类型、经计算得出的图的权值和跑道分配结果,运用蚁群算法,以最少数量的航班分配到远停机位和飞机总体滑行时间的均衡性为目标函数,对航班进行停机位分配。然后根据停机位分配结果,对跑道分配进行调整,反复迭代求出最优结果,并对枢纽机场进行调度仿真,验证了算法的合理性,可作为机场调度的参考。     

基于规则的机位分配问题研究

首先归纳影响机位分配的约束规则,根据机场的不同需求灵活选择和定制规则,以机位使用空闲时间均衡为目标条件,建立规则可灵活定制的机位分配模型。然后提出穷举遍历和遗传算法相结合的优化算法来求解分配模型。最后用实际数据的仿真结果证明了模型的正确性和算法的有效性,并以图形化的形式展现了航班的机位分配结果。     

基于免疫遗传算法的停机位动态再分配优化

针对兼顾旅客转机行走距离、航班场面滑行距离和停机位使用效率的多目标停机位分配的问题,以最小化航班停机位分配的扰动性为优化目标,建立停机位动态再分配混合整数规划模型.提出基于航班序列的自然数编码方案,设计改进的免疫遗传求解算法,保证个体在遗传操作中的可行性.将免疫算法中个体密度的概念引入对个体适应度值的评价过程,以保持种群的多样性,避免算法过早收敛.实例仿真结果表明,所提出的优化方法能够有效降低延误航班对停机位预分配计划造成的影响.     

航班滑行路径规划和停机位分配联合优化

针对机场的航班滑行路径规划和停机位分配的联合优化调度问题,构建基于冲突回避的滑行道与停机位联合调度模型,并提出改进的自适应差分进化算法求解问题。以最小化航班的滑行时间和旅客转机的行走时间为优化目标,建立非线性混合整数规划联合调度模型。设计考虑了滑行冲突的路径规划算法,完成航班的滑行路径分配,并通过自适应动态调整差分进化算法参数,引入个体位置边界的扰动策略,进一步改善了算法的搜索性能。对国内某枢纽机场的仿真结果表明,所提出的算法可以有效避免滑行冲突,缩短滑行时间,是能够兼顾旅客服务质量和航班场面滑行效率的有效方法。     

民用机场停机位优化配置计算机仿真

停机位配置指为到港或离港航班指定适宜的登机口,确保航班正点。航班停机位的高效、合理安排是机场地面作业中的一项核心任务。在系统分析国内繁忙机场停机位配置情况的基础上进行计算机仿真,模拟给出停机位优化配置。同时考虑旅客登转机时间(旅客满意度)、机型与停机位类型匹配(机场效益)等优化目标。系统运行稳定,效率高。     

基于遗传算法的机场机位分配策略

通过对大型机场机位分配所受约束和最终目标的分析研究,将其模型化,提出使用遗传算法来解决机场机位分配问题,并设计实现了该算法。为促进算法收敛,引入模拟退火思想对适应度函数进行了修正。实验数据表明,该算法相对已有的其它机位分配方法在计算时间、实时性和结果优化程度上都有一定的优势。目前该方法已经成功应用到国内某国际机场。     

基于改进蚁群协同算法的枢纽机场场面滑行道优化调度模型

滑行道连接停机位和跑道,是机场场面调度的重要关键环节。基于飞机滑行时的冲突约束和跑道资源的动态分配,采用改进蚁群协同算法与滑动窗口控制相结合的方法,对滑行道进行优化调度。在保证滑行道零冲突、兼顾单个航班滑行时间的前提下,缩小机场进出港航班总滑行时间。对国内某枢纽机场的滑行道调度仿真实验表明,所提出的方法和模型具有明显的优势,可为枢纽机场的场面滑行调度提供决策支持。     

Study on an improved adaptive PSO algorithm for solving multi-objective gate assignment

Gate is a key resource in the airport, which can realize rapid and safe docking, ensure the effective connection between flights and improve the capacity and service efficiency of airport. The minimum walking distances of passengers, the minimum idle time variance of each gate, the minimum number of flights at parking apron and the most reasonable utilization of large gates are selected as the optimization objectives, then an efficient multi-objective optimization model of gate assignment problem is proposed in this paper. Then an improved adaptive particle swarm optimization(DOADAPO) algorithm based on making full use of the advantages of Alpha-stable distribution and dynamic fractional calculus is deeply studied. The dynamic fractional calculus with memory characteristic is used to reflect the trajectory information of particle updating in order to improve the convergence speed. The Alpha-stable distribution theory is used to replace the uniform distribution in order to escape from the local minima in a certain probability and improve the global search ability. Next, the DOADAPO algorithm is used to solve the constructed multi-objective optimization model of gate assignment in order to fast and effectively assign the gates to different flights in different time. Finally, the actual flight data in one domestic airport is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experiment results show that the DOADAPO algorithm can improve the convergence speed and enhance the local search ability and global search ability, and the multi-objective optimization model of gate assignment can improve the comprehensive service of gate assignment. It can effectively provide a valuable reference for assigning the gates in hub airport.     

Robust assignment of airport gates with operational safety constraints

This paper reviews existing approaches to the airport gate assignment problem (AGAP) and presents an optimization model for the problem considering operational safety constraints. The main objective is to minimize the dispersion of gate idle time periods (to get robust optimization) while ensuring appropriate matching between the size of each aircraft and its assigned gate type and avoiding the potential hazard caused by gate apron operational conflict. Genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the problem. An illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm. The algorithm performance is further demonstrated using data of a terminal from Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK).     

多Agent的航空器滑行策略优化

快速发展的民航事业导致很多机场容量不足。为缓解大型机场交通拥堵的现状,研究了航空器滑行策略优化问题。滑行路径优化是指在特定的时间段内,根据机场资源信息和地面运行管理系统对进离场航空器在跑道和停机位之间的距离进行优化管理。通过深入剖析机场地面的网络结构,综合考虑滑行冲突、地面运行规则等因素,提出了多Agent滑行策略优化方法,该方法提升了机场资源利用率;基于地面网络链路结构的概念,建立了航空器滑行策略优化模型;结合多Agent的基本理论,设计了跑道出口选择概率函数和多Agent系统滑行路径优化结构,以寻求航空器的最优滑行路径。以国内某大型机场的实际情况为研究背景进行了航空器滑行策略实验,结果表明,与以往的算法相比,多Agent滑行策略优化方法的效果更为显著。设置跑道口的速度和同一交叉口航空器的最小间隔距离,通过对跑道出口的选择和Agent间的交互协商,航空器能够对原滑行路径进行有效调整,并缩短其在机场场面上的滑行时间。与最短路径算法相比,多Agent滑行策略方法在航空器的总滑行距离、航空器在滑行道上的密度以及平均等待时间方面的优化效果更好,且其对滑行道资源的分配更合理。其中,航空器在节点处的平均等待时间减少了8.26%。所提策略可有效缓解机场交通拥堵的现状,提高场面运行效率,对减少航空器延误和保障机场的运营安全具有重要意义。     

Airport Gate Scheduling with Time Windows

In contrast to the existing airport gate assignment studies where flight have fixed schedules, we consider the more realistic situation where flight arrival and departure times can change. Although we minimize walking distances (or travel time) in our objective function, the model is easily adapted for other material handling costs including baggage and cargo costs. Our objectives are achieved through gate assignments, where time slots alloted to aircraft at gates deviate from scheduled slots minimally. Further, the model can be applied to cross-docking optimization in areas other than airports, such as freight terminals where material arrival times (via trucks, ships) can fluctuate. The solution approach uses insert and interval exchange moves together with a time shift algorithm. We then use these neighborhood moves in Tabu Search and Memetic Algorithms. Computational results are provided and verify that our heuristics work well in small cases and much better in large cases when compared with CPLEX solver.     

An adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic for solving a robust gate assignment problem

With the rapid growth of air traffic demand, airport capacity becomes a major bottleneck within the air traffic control systems. Minor disturbances may have a large impact on the airport surface operations due to the overly tight schedules, which results in frequent gate conflict occurrences during airport’s daily operations. A robust gate schedule that is resilient to disturbances is essential for an airport to maintain a good performance. Unfortunately, there is no efficient expert system available for the airport managers to simultaneously consider the traditional cost (the aircraft tow cost, transfer passenger cost) and the robustness. To fill this gap, in this paper, we extend the traditional gate assignment problem and consider a wider scope, in which the traditional costs and the robustness are simultaneously considered. A mathematical model is first built, which leads to a complex non-linear model. To efficiently solve this model, an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm is then designed. We novelly propose multiple local search operators by exploring the characteristics of the gate assignment problem. The comparison with the benchmark algorithm shows the competitiveness of proposed algorithm in solving the considered problem. Moreover, the proposed methodology also has great potential from the practical perspective since it can be easily integrated into current expert systems to help airport managers make satisfactory decisions.     

舰载机甲板停机位分配问题研究

舰栽机甲板停机位分配问题关系到航母飞行甲板作业的效率,合理的停机位分配对于提高甲板作业效率十分重要。对舰载机停机位分配问题进行了详细研究,以舰载机移动路径、加油路径以及挂弹路径总和最小为目标函数,建立了甲板停机位分配模型,利用贪心算法并结合模拟退火算法对模型进行了求解,仿真结果表明,该模型对停机位的分配合理。     

Low Power State Assignment Algorithm for FSMs Considering Peak Current Optimization

Finite state machine （FSM） plays a vital current which is drawn by state transitions can result in role in the sequential logic design. In an FSM, the high peak large voltage drop and electromigration which significantly affect circuit reliability. Several published papers show that the peak current can be reduced by post-optimization schemes or Boolean satisfiability （SAT）-based formulations. However, those methods of reducing the peak current either increase the overall power dissipation or are not efficient. This paper has proposed a low power state assignment algorithm with upper bound peak current constraints. First the peak current constraints are weighted into the objective function by Lagrangian relaxation technique with Lagrangian multipliers to penalize the violation. Second, Lagrangian sub-problems are solved by a genetic algorithm with Lagrangian multipliers updated by the subgradient optimization method. Finally, a heuristic algorithm determines the upper bound of the peak current, and achieves optimization between peak current and switching power. Experimental results of International Workshop on Logic and Synthesis （IWLS） 1993 benchmark suites show that the proposed method can achieve up to 45.27% reduction of peak current, 6.31% reduction of switching power, and significant reduction of run time compared with previously published results.     

基于模仿学习的机场停机位再分配决策算法

针对机位再分配算法结果难以满足不同操作人员操作习惯的问题,提出一种符合实际业务人员操作习惯的机位再分配推荐算法。首先以航班特征属性和停机位的资源占用状态构建决策环境空间模型,将人工操作数据转换为多通道时空矩阵,再以卷积神经网络构建的生成对抗网络（generative adversarial network,GAN）拟合其序贯决策操作策略。仿真结果表明,可靠度在90%以上的调整动作占比最高达到84.4%。经过在三个数据集上的测试,模型对不同来源的操作数据具有较好的区分能力。对比不同扰动下的动态调整结果,算法能够得到航班—机位属性特征与原有人工操作属性特征接近的调整方案。     

基于改进A^*算法的机场场面滑行路径优化

为了缓解机场场面交通拥挤状况,提高空侧交通运行效率和安全性,以优化进离场航班的滑行路径为目标,通过分析机场场面滑行路径优化问题,构建了机场场面滑行路径优化模型,并提出基于变步长的滑动时间窗方法和A*算法相结合的模型求解算法。以北京首都国际机场为例进行算例分析,与未考虑冲突的路径优化方案相比较,上述方法得到的总滑行时间节省121秒,通过算法实现对滑行冲突的智能识别与解脱,可为繁忙机场的调度工作提供了决策支持。