β-萘酚稀溶液的络合萃取

利用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)、三烷基胺(7301)为络合剂,分别采用苯、甲苯、正辛醇、煤油作为稀释剂对(-萘酚稀溶液进行络合萃取.实验结果表明,采用磷酸三丁酯-甲苯混合溶剂对( -萘酚稀溶液进行萃取,具有相当高的分配系数.同时考察了有机相中络合剂浓度、β -萘酚溶液初始浓度、溶液pH值以及温度对络合萃取相平衡分配系数的影响,建立了分配系数与稀释剂物理参数间的经验方程.     

柠檬酸稀溶液的络合萃取研究

利用磷酸三丁酯（TBP）、三烷基胺（7301）为络合剂,分别采用甲苯、正辛醇、煤油作为稀释剂萃取柠檬酸稀溶液。实验结果表明,用混合型络合剂对柠檬酸稀溶液进行萃取,具有相当高的分配系数。考察了柠檬酸溶液初始浓度、有机相中络合剂浓度、温度对络合萃取相平衡分配 系数的影响,获得了萃取工艺过程较佳的操作条件;并对三烷基胺萃取柠檬酸稀溶液的机理进行了探讨,证实了三烷基胺对柠檬酸的萃取时同时存在离子缔合成盐和氢键缔合溶剂化两种历程。     

丁二酸稀溶液的络合萃取

以磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)、三烷基胺 (73 0 1)为络合剂 ,分别采用甲苯、异丙基甲酮、正辛醇、煤油作为稀释剂对丁二酸稀溶液进行络合萃取。结果表明 :混合型络合剂对丁二酸稀溶液进行萃取 ,可取得满意的分离效果 ,平衡分配系数D高达 15 .2 8;讨论了丁二酸溶液初始浓度、溶液pH值以及温度对络合萃取相平衡分配系数的影响。利用傅立叶红外光谱仪测定了负载有机相中萃合物的结构 ,对三烷基胺络合萃取丁二酸稀溶液的机理进行了探讨     

磷酸三丁酯络合萃取丁酸的研究

用络合萃取法分离极性有机稀溶液 ,具有高效性和高选择性。利用磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)为络合剂 ,分别采用甲苯、异丙基甲酮、正辛醇、煤油作为稀释剂萃取丁酸稀溶液 ,系统研究了不同稀释剂对络合萃取平衡的影响 ,最终从效能、毒性、价格等综合因素考虑 ,选用正辛醇作为稀释剂 ;分析了络合剂浓度、丁酸溶液初始浓度、溶液 pH值以及温度对络合萃取相平衡分配系数的影响 ;利用红外光谱测定了负载有机相中萃合物的结构 ;并进行了有机溶剂的再生研究     

不同pH值下酚类的络合萃取

络合萃取法分离极性有机物稀溶液具有高效性和高选择性。在已有工作基础上,利用三正辛胺(TDA)、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为络合剂,正辛醇、甲墓异丁基酮(MIBK)或煤油为稀释剂,在较宽的pH值条件下实验测定了酚类稀溶液的萃取相平衡分配系数;讨论了络合剂种类、络合剂浓度、稀释剂种类以及被萃取溶质种类对络合萃取相平衡分配系数的影响;提出了同时考虑络合萃取作用和物理萃取作用的平衡分配系数的表达式。     

磷酸三丁酯络合萃取含酚废水的应用研究

利用磷酸三丁酯、三烷基胺为络合剂,分别采用苯、甲苯、正辛醇、煤油作为稀释剂对含酚废水进行络合萃取.实验结果表明,采用磷酸三丁酯一甲苯混合溶剂对含酚废水进行萃取具有相当高的分配系数;同时探讨了络合萃取技术处理含酚废水工业化的可行性,实验结果表明具有工业化应用前景.     

三烷基胺(7301)络合萃取对氨基苯磺酸稀溶液

利用三烷基胺 (730 1 )为络合剂 ,在较宽的 pH值条件下实验测定了对氨基苯磺酸稀溶液的萃取相平衡分配系数 ;分析了络合剂浓度、稀释剂种类以及溶液 pH值对络合萃取相平衡分配系数的影响 ;讨论了络合剂萃取对氨基苯磺酸偶极离子的质子转移过程 ,提出了平衡分配系数D值的表达式 .     

三烷基氧膦络合萃取一元有机羧酸

络合萃取法对极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。选择甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸为分离对象 ,三烷基氧膦 (TRPO)为络合剂 ,煤油为稀释剂 ,进行了系统的萃取相平衡实验 ,测定了络合剂浓度、稀释剂组成等因素对萃取平衡分配系数的影响。实验结果表明 ,溶质的亲油性对络合萃取平衡影响起主导作用 ;随TRPO浓度增大 ,萃取平衡分配系数呈增大趋势 ;随溶质初始浓度增大 ,有机相的溶质浓度向饱和萃取量接近 ;饱和萃取量随络合剂浓度的增大而增大。对相平衡分配系数进行拟合 ,精度令人满意。     

S—十六烷基异硫脲盐酸盐对一元有机酸的络合萃取研究

本文以 S-十六烷基异硫脲盐酸盐为络合剂 ,正辛醇、石油醚、二氯甲烷等为稀释剂 ,测定了络合萃取剂对乙酸、一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸稀溶液的相平衡分配系数 ,讨论了稀释剂种类和络合剂浓度对分配系数 D值的影响 ,确定形成的络合物的组成     

二(2-乙基己基)磷酸萃取氨基苯甲酸的相平衡分配系数

络合萃取法分离极性有机物稀溶液具有高效性和高选择性,本文以二（２－乙基已基）磷酸（Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ）为络合剂;正辛烷或正辛醇为稀释剂,在不同的ＰＨ值条件下实验测定了氨基苯甲酸稀溶液的萃取相分配系数,讨论了影响因素,分析了萃合物的组成。提出了平衡分配系数的关系式。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。