小麦品质对面条品质影响因素的研究

西北农林科技大学魏益民等以机制扁面条为对象,研究了小麦品质对面条成品品质的影响.结论认为:(1)蒸煮过程中面条的干物质失落率在决定面条品质的作用中所占的比重较大,同时,与蛋白质损失率又有密切的关系,因此,它是一个应当引起足够重视的面条品质亚性状;(2)面条蒸煮过程中,蛋白质含量、面团稳定时间是蒸煮吸水率的决定性因子,沉降值是干物质失落率、蛋白质损失率的决定性因子;(3)沉降值在面条品质亚性状分析中起着至关重要的作用,它是面条品质极其重要的影响因素.因此,在面条用小麦品种的选择和育种中,应予以高度重视;(4)面条品质测定和评价方法缺少必要的标准仪器,试验误差较大,必须增加实验次数和样品的用量,以增加分析结果的重现性. (摘自LYCY.2001-05-01)     

小麦品种籽粒品质与中国挂面品质关系研究注

以5个中国小麦品种和8个法国小麦品种为材料，研究了拉参数、粉质参数、蛋白质品质、糊化参数等小麦品种籽粒品质与面条品质的关系；对比了中法小麦品种面条品质的差异，并对其形成原因进行了分析；探讨了试验原料、数据分析方法和试验方法等因素对试验结果的影响；探讨了用质构仪评价面条品质时的代表性品质指标。研究结果发现，45min时拉伸参数，稳定时间，沉淀值，加入酶活抑制剂时所测糊化参数可以做为评价中国小麦品种面条用面粉品质的订 依据；沉淀值可作为小麦品种选育过程中预测面条筋力的首选指标；由质构仪所测得的硬度和断裂能量可做为主要代表性指标分别反映面条的粘弹性和筋力特性。中国小麦品种的面条粘结性和煮制吸不率较大，最佳煮制时间和干物质失落率较小，干面条的抗弯强度和熟面条的硬度、咀嚼性和筋力较低。蛋白质质量和糊化特性较低是形成这种差距的主要原因。     

小麦品种籽粒品质与中国挂面品质关系研究

以5个中国小麦品种和8个法国小麦品种为材料,研究了拉伸参数、粉质参数、蛋白质品质、糊化参数等小麦品种籽粒品质与面条品质的关系;对比了中法小麦品种面条品质的差异,并对其形成原因进行了分析;探讨了试验原料、数据分析方法和试验方法等因素对试验结果的影响;探讨了用质构仪评价面条品质时的代表性品质指标。研究结果发现,45min时拉伸参数,稳定时间,沉淀值,加入酶活抑制剂时所测糊化参数可以做为评价中国小麦品种面条用面粉品质的主要依据;沉淀值可作为小麦品种选育过程中预测面条筋力的首选指标;由质构仪所测得的硬度和断裂能量可做为主要代表性指标分别反映面条的粘弹性和筋力特性。中国小麦品种的面条粘结性和煮制吸水率较大,最佳煮制时间和干物质失落率较小,干面条的抗弯强度和熟面条的硬度、咀嚼性和筋力较低。蛋白质质量和糊化特性较低是形成这种差距的主要原因。     

拉伸特性与面条品质关系的研究

以机制扁条为对象,研究了拉伸特性对面条成品品质的影响,结果认为,干物质失落率在面条品质的评价中所占的比重最大,拉伸能量是干物质失落率及面条品质的决定因素。     

小麦粉品质和制面工艺对面条品质的影响研究

以普通小麦为原料，以非传统细条实心面条为对象，研究了挤压温度，食盐含量及小麦粉品质对细细条实心面成品品质的影响。结果认为，升高加工温度，可以降低挤压阻力：提高食盐含量，增加挤压阻力。提高温度和食盐含量，都能增加面条的蒸吸水率和蒸煮干物质失落率。温度对面条蒸煮蛋白质的损失率影响较大。样品的蛋白质品质和淀粉的糊化特性对品质也有较大的影响。     

小麦主要质量指标与面条品质关系的研究

以46份江苏主产小麦品种为材料,研究小麦主要质量指标与面条品质间的关系。结果表明:面条的表观品质显著地受到小麦蛋白质和淀粉的综合影响;影响小麦面条加工适宜性的主要因子为面筋含量、面筋指数、沉降值及膨胀势;蛋白质含量、面筋含量、面筋指数、沉降值以及膨胀势与面条总分间的二次相关系数分别为0.520 9、0.601 1、0.702 9、0.593 5、0.625 5。通过试验得出适合于制作面条的小麦应满足以下质量指标:蛋白质含量11%~15%、小麦粉湿面筋含量28%~38%、面筋指数大于80%、沉降值大于47 m l、膨胀势大于12.5%。     

面粉质量与面条品质关系的研究

分析测试了陕西关中地区５种具有代表性小麦面粉的主要品质特性及其面条的食用品质指标,对面粉品质与面条品质的关系进行了较为全面的研究。结果表明：湿面筋含量与蒸煮失落率呈显著负相关,是评价面条品质的较好指标。灰分、粗细度、脂肪酸值均与面条感官评分呈显著或极显著呈正相关。粉质参数与面条品质关系极为密切,是预测面条品质的重要指标。     

富纤高钙面条加工工艺的优化

对添加小麦麸皮和胶原多肽螯合钙富纤高钙面条加工技术进行了研究。通过感官评价对富含小麦麸皮高纤面条的加工工艺进行了优化。试验结果表明,添加适量小麦麸皮和食盐可以改善面条品质,产品的最佳配方为面粉96%、小麦麸皮2%、食盐2%。在此条件下,产品弯曲断条率0,熟断条率为0,干物质失落率为7.6%,蒸煮吸水率为163.8%,面汤浊度为0.098。提高了面条感官品质,感官评价为91.0。通过添加胶原多肽螯合钙对面条进行营养强化,富纤高钙面条加工配方为面粉94%、小麦麸皮2%、食盐2%、胶原多肽螯合钙2%,面条干物质失落率升高至8.3%,其余品质无显著变化。富纤高钙面条外观色泽良好,风味较好,食用营养价值高。     

富含小麦麸皮高纤面条加工工艺的优化

研究了添加小麦麸皮和食盐对面条品质的影响,采用单因素和正交试验方法,对富含小麦麸皮高纤面条的加工工艺进行了优化。试验结果表明,小麦麸皮在一定程度上可以改善面条品质。产品的最佳配方为:面粉质量分数为96%、小麦麸皮质量分数为2%、食盐质量分数为2%。在此条件下,产品弯曲断条率0,熟断条率为0,干物质失落率为7.6%,蒸煮吸水率为163.8%,面汤浊度为0.098。提高了面条感官品质,感官评价为91.5分。     

破损淀粉对面条蒸煮品质的影响研究

研究破损淀粉值对面条蒸煮品质的影响规律,实验结果表明:随着破损淀粉值的增加,面条的品质有所劣变;干物质损失率和蛋白质损失率与破损淀粉值呈高度显著正相关,面条吸水率与破损淀粉值相关系达不到显著水平。     

小麦品种品质与面条品质关系的研究

通过对陕西关中近年育成的１３个小麦品种（品系）的籽粒性状、蛋白质品质、磨粉品质、粉质参数及面条蒸煮品质的系统分析,研究了小麦品种品质性状与面条品质性状的相关关系,结果认为,信仪２号８８２１、大粒８７８、３个小麦品种适宜于制作面条。面条蒸煮吸水率与小麦品种的出粉率、湿面筋含量呈显著负相关,与籽粒硬度、面粉吸水率与小麦品种的发率、湿面筋含量呈显著负相关,与籽粒硬度、面粉吸水率１、灰分含量呈极显著负相关     

小米粉含量对小米小麦混合粉及其挂面品质特性的影响研究

将小米粉按照10%~80%的比例添加到小麦粉中,对小米小麦混合粉的粉质特性和糊化特性进行了分析,同时对由混合粉制作成的挂面的品质特性进行了分析研究。结果表明:1)随着小米粉添加量的增加,小米小麦混合粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度、回生值、衰减值和峰值时间都在降低,形成时间、稳定时间、粉质指数都是先降低再升高。2)挂面蒸煮损失率不断升高,干物质吸水率不断下降。小米添加量≤30%时,挂面品质比较好,添加量≤60%时,品质尚可,添加量60%时,挂面品质下降比较大。3)小米粉的添加量、小米小麦混合粉的RVA特性、粉质特性与混合粉挂面的蒸煮品质特性有非常高的相关性。     

Quantitative assessment of protein fractions of Chinese wheat flours and their contribution to white salted noodle quality

Protein quantity and quality play a significant contribution to white salted noodle processing. The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of different protein fractions to 25 Chinese varieties on wheat based noodle quality. The results showed: the average ratio of monomeric protein, soluble glutenin and insoluble glutenin in Chinese Huanghuai winter wheat was 3.7:1.0:1.8. Compared with Canadian wheat varieties, the ratio was 4.4:1.0:2.0. The monomeric protein and insoluble glutenin were lower in the Chinese varieties, the soluble glutenin content was higher; while the dough character was lower than Canadian hard wheat, but most Chinese wheat can make good quality noodles. This may be the defining difference between noodle wheat and bread wheat. The monomeric protein content was significant positive correlated with fresh noodle maximum resistance, and high significant positive with extension distance and area. The soluble and insoluble glutenin were mainly responsible in fresh noodle maximum resistance, extension distance and using a texture analyzer, but were high negative correlated with fresh noodle sheet length (Table 2). For cooked noodles, the soluble glutenin content demonstrated a high significant positive relationship to cutting firmness, and a significant negative correlation to cooking loss. The insoluble glutenin content was high significant positive correlated with cooked noodle thickness, hardness and cutting firmness (Table 3). The results suggested that the monomeric protein is less important than that of the glutenin for fresh noodle resistance. The soluble glutenin content is the most important property for noodle wheat, and soluble glutenin content can be used in the early generations to identity Chinese noodle wheat.     

An application of linear regression technique for predicting bulgur yield and quality of wheat cultivars

Grains of 26 Turkish wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines were used in this study. Simple correlations between a number of quality parameters to predict bulgur yield and bulgur cooking quality were determined. Highly significant correlations between bulgur yield and each of the thousand-kernel weight and the sum of the grain over 2.8 + 2.5 mm sieves were obtained for both durum and bread wheat samples (p < 0.01). The regression equations showed that the models involving two variables (the thousand-kernel weight and the thickness of the grain for durum wheat samples; the thousand-kernel weight and the length of the grain for bread wheat samples) resulted in the highest R2 values. For an assessment of the influence of all factors on bulgur cooking properties (total organic matter: TOM and colorimetric test values), simple and multiple regression analyses were used to find equations that predict best the relationship between various quality parameters and bulgur cooking properties. The models involving two variables; the vitreousness and the dry gluten contents for the durum wheat samples and SDS sedimentation test value and wheat protein content for the bread wheat samples resulted in the highest R2 for the TOM value.     

小麦胚乳中直链淀粉含量分布及其对面条品质的影响

在同一生产线上对同一品种小麦按加工系统取制面粉样品,测定各粉样的直链淀粉含量;选择部分样品在其中添加整个粉路中最具代表性的系统面粉制成的谷朊粉,使各样品蛋白质含量相等、质量接近,在这种的前提下,研究直链淀粉含量对面条品质的影响。研究结果表明,小麦胚乳中,越接近皮层的部位,直链淀粉含量越低;越接近麦心的部位直链淀粉含量越高。小麦胚乳中的淀粉总量与面条品质无明显的相关性,而直链淀粉及支链淀粉含量对面条品质影响较大。直链淀粉含量与面条感官评价的表观状态、适口性、韧性、黏性、光滑性、食味及总评分都呈极显著负相关;与面条的煮制特性的干物质吸水率、蛋白质损失率和干物质损失率呈极显著正相关;而与面条质构仪TPA测定参数的黏合性、硬度和咀嚼性呈极显著负相关。     

不同蛋白对马铃薯面条食用品质的影响

本研究通过在马铃薯面条原料粉中添加一定比例小麦蛋白、花生蛋白、大豆蛋白制作面条,探讨了三种蛋白对马铃薯面条食用品质的影响。结果表明:三种蛋白均会降低马铃薯面条的亮度值,且随蛋白添加量的增加,马铃薯面条亮度值降低,但大豆蛋白对马铃薯面条亮度值的影响小于小麦蛋白和花生蛋白。同时,三种蛋白均可显著改善马铃薯面条的食用品质,降低其蒸煮损失,增强其拉伸阻力、硬度、粘合性和咀嚼性,且小麦蛋白对面条品质的改善作用最为显著,大豆蛋白次之。扫描电镜结果表明,添加小麦蛋白后马铃薯面条面筋网络形成更加致密,空隙率更小。电子鼻检测结果表明,小麦蛋白和花生蛋白对马铃薯面条的气味无显著影响,而大豆蛋白会使马铃薯面条中的氮氧化合物等豆类腥味物质增加。由此可见,三种蛋白中,小麦蛋白对马铃薯面条的食用品质改善效果最佳。     

Effect of Compositional Variation of Gluten Proteins and Rheological Characteristics of Wheat Flour on the Textural Quality of White Salted Noodles

Protein quality parameters of wheat flour, as well as protein content, showed significant relationship with hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, adhesiveness, chewiness, and gumminess of the cooked noodles. A significant positive correlation (0.54) was observed between glutenins and hardness of noodles. Chewiness of the noodles increased with the protein content, sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume, dough development time, dough stability, and glutenins. Hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of the noodles were negatively affected by gliadin to glutenin ratio. Multiple regression analysis depicted significant relationships of the various noodle quality parameters with wheat flour characteristics. The results revealed that the relative composition of the gliadins and glutenins had a considerable effect on the textural profile of noodles indicating their defining contribution on the noodle quality. The resulting information could be useful in predicting the noodle-quality potential of the varieties.     

苦荞麦营养保健面条的研究

以苦荞-小麦混合粉制作面条,研究了不同比例的苦荞粉和添加剂(明胶,海藻酸钠和CMC)对苦荞面条加工特性的影响,并采用正交试验优化了苦荞面条的加工工艺.结果表明,随着苦荞粉添加比例的增加,面条的断条率逐渐增大,烹调损失也逐渐增加,面条的品质随之变差;三种添加剂的使用均可改善面条的蒸煮品质,其中CMC的效果最好;当苦荞粉与小麦粉的比例为3:7时,按混合粉质量分别添加0.55%的CMC添加剂、35%的水及1%的食盐,经和面、熟化、压面、切条与干燥工艺,可制得品质较好的面条.     

天然复合面条添加剂的研究

本文研究了天然复合添加剂HLA对不同面条品质的改良作用。结果表明 ,HLA能够显著改善面团的流变学特性、面条的强度和烹煮品质 ,是一种改良效果明显、经济实用型的面条质量改良剂